Temat: lapping - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Determining the conditions for temperature measurements during flat lapping
Autorzy:: Molenda, J.
Barylski, A.
Tematy:: lapping
thermal measurement
lapping plate temperature
lapping parameters; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246109.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Lapping is used in the production of components of the highest quality in terms of form finish accuracy and surface integrity. A number of precision manufacturing applications use lapping process as a critical technology to achieve thickness tolerance and surface quality specification. Because of required parts accuracy tool flatness is the key to the successful machining. To avoid its excessive thermal expansion, plate temperature research was taken. This work presents a part of results concerning temperature measurements conditions. Experiments were being conducted during flat lapping with use of ABRALAP 380 lapping machine and infrared camera V-20II produced by VIGO System SA. Firstly the influence of conditioning rings number on wheel temperature rise was investigated. It was proved that number of rings had a significant impact on temperature rise value and the highest were during machine working with all three rings. Then another test was made, to simulate the work during real 8-hours shift. The aim was to determine time of machine working after which temperature would stop rising. Temperature was measure during Al2O3 (95%) elements lapping with use of silicon carbide grains. Tests results showed that after five hours temperature fluctuated around a certain value. In future analysis temperature after five hours lapping will be taken into account.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Results of lapping process executed in elevated temperature
Autorzy:: Molenda, J.
Charchalis, A.
Tematy:: lapping
infrared measurement
lapping plate temperature
lapping results; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244971.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Lapping is used in the production of components of the highest quality in terms of form finish accuracy and surface integrity. A number of precision manufacturing applications use lapping process as a critical technology to achieve thickness tolerance and surface quality specification. Because of required parts accuracy tool flatness is the key to the successful machining. To avoid its excessive thermal expansion, plate temperature research was taken. This paper goal was to check the influence of temperature of executory system elements on lapping process results. In earlier work, authors investigated the dependence between time and the temperature of executory system elements. Tests showed that after five hours of machine working temperature stabilizes and slightly fluctuated around a certain value. Thus, this work concerns lapping results in this elevated temperature. Research was proceed during Al2O3 elements lapping. It was realised with use of ABRALAP 380 lapping machine. The lapping machine executory system consisted of three working conditioning rings. Executory system elements temperature was measured remotely by infrared camera Thermo Gear G100. Elements machining was started after 10, 140, and 270 minutes of machine working time. Studies showed that machine executory system elements temperature affected only the Ra parameter, which is higher for surfaces, which were processed starting from 270th minute of machine working time.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Emissivity of the one - plate lapping machine tool
Autorzy:: Molenda, J.
Barylski, A.
Tematy:: lapping
infrared measurement
lapping plate temperature
lapping parameters
emissivity; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/248024.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: A number of precision manufacturing applications use lapping process as a critical technology to achieve thickness tolerance and surface quality specification. Typical examples of the processed components are pump parts, transmission equipments, cutting tools, hydraulic and pneumatics, aerospace parts, inspections equipment, stamping and forging. Lapping leads to a surface with low roughness and high precision. It is carried out by applying loose abrasive grains between work and lap surfaces, and causing a relative motion between them resulting in material removal. The grains activities in the working gap cause also temperature rise of the executory system elements, including lap plate. Because of required parts accuracy tool flatness is the key to the successful machining. To avoid its excessive thermal expansion, plate temperature research was taken. Temperature is the most often measured physical quantity, second only to time. All advantages of infrared technology have led it to become frequently used technique for temperature measurement. It was also used by authors for lapping process observation. To assure accurate noncontact infrared temperature measurement there is a need to keep in mind several factors, including determining appropriate value of emissivity. Incorrectly, designated emissivity results in bigger measuring error. This work presents a method for determining wheel emissivity and its value obtained by presented way. To find emissivity of the lapping plate infrared camera V-20 II produced by VIGO System S.A. and contact thermometer TES1312 Dual K-Type were used. The experiments were carried out on a plate-lapping machine ABRALAP 380 with a grooved cast-iron lapping plate and three conditioning rings. The determined emissivity was equal 0.95 and was bigger than value from the table, as was expected. During lapping wheel surface is in fact very dark due to charging and covering the waste slurry. Obtained value will be used in future measurements.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Using thermovision for temperature measurements during turning process
Autorzy:: Molenda, J.
Charchalis, A.
Tematy:: lapping
infrared measurement
lapping plate temperature
lapped surface quality; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245100.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: In metal cutting industries, machining processing, especially turning operation is very basic type of machining. For certain processes in manufacturing, it is favourable and necessary to have certain knowledge about heat generation and temperature rise (including average and maximum temperature) during machining process. Increment in maximum temperature at clearance face or at rake face of cutting tool causes the reduction in life of tool. Similarly, the quality of machined surface, a metallurgical structural alteration in tool and workpiece material also depends on the maximum temperature, temperature gradient and cooling rate of both tool and workpiece. Certain physical and chemical reactions that are developed during the cutting process are directly connected with tool wear, power consumption, surface roughness on work piece material and cutting temperature. The natural low of thermal energy gives significant relationship between cutting temperature and cutting parameters in order to improvement of cutting tool’s wok efficiency, quality and accuracy. The heat distribution in cutting tool, in formed chip and in workpiece material strongly depends on (mechanical and chemical) properties of cutting tool and workpiece material, cutting speed, depth of cut, feed rate, nose radius, geometry of tool, type of coolant used and other parameters. This work presents some results of research done during turning steel 235JR realized on conventional lathe CDS 6250 BX-1000 with severe parameters. These demonstrate the necessity of further, more detailed research on turning process temperature, realized for different materials.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Influence of lapping plate temperature on roughness parameters of specimens
Autorzy:: Molenda, J.
Charchalis, A.
Tematy:: lapping
infrared measurement
lapping plate temperature
lapped surface quality; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242884.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Lapping is used in the production of components of the highest quality in terms of form finish accuracy and surface integrity. A number of precision manufacturing applications use lapping process as a critical technology to achieve thickness tolerance and surface quality specification. Because of required parts accuracy tool flatness is the key to the successful machining. To avoid its excessive thermal expansion, plate temperature research was taken. This article goal was to check the influence of lapping wheel temperature on workpiece roughness after lapping process. In earlier work, authors investigated the dependence between time and the temperature of executory system elements. Tests showed that after five hours of machine working temperature stabilizes and slightly fluctuated around a certain value. Thus, this work concerns lapping results in this elevated temperature. Research was proceed during Al2O3 elements lapping. It was realised with use of ABRALAP 380 lapping machine. The lapping machine executory system consisted of three working conditioning rings. Executory system elements temperature was measured remotely by infrared camera Thermo Gear G100. Elements machining was started after 10, 140, and 270 minutes of machine working time. Studies showed that machine executory system elements temperature affected only the ΔRa parameter, which is higher for surfaces, which were processed starting from 270th minute of machine working time.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Measurements of lapping plate temperature
Autorzy:: Molenda, J
Charchalis, A.
Tematy:: flat lapping
lapping wheel temperature
material removal rate
surface roughness; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243508.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Lapping process is commonly used for ultra-precision machining of various materials. An essential role during lapping plays flatness of the wheel-working surface because workpiece surface takes mirror image of it. Due to its applications requiring extreme size accuracy, straightness and concentricity, it is very important that working surface remains flat in the course of machining. Getting out of flatness can be caused by uneven wear or heating. To prevent nonuniform wear of lapping plate surface, conditioning rings should be suited appropriate. Lapping machines producers and researchers make recommendations about proper rings position during machining. To provide constant temperature of the wheel, cooling systems are applied in modern machines, but not in all of them. Therefore, wheel temperature problem is significant one, and it should be known. This paper presents results of authors work on choosing proper measurement method of lapping plate temperature. During lapping process wheel is rotating. Maximum velocity value for ABRALAP 380 lapping machine is 65 rev/min. Mainly for this reason, contactless infrared method was selected. Because getting an accurate temperature of an object using this method is difficult, during experiments temperature rise not exact value were analysed. There were also presented results of experiments which goal was to find lap plate emissivity.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: The influence of abrasive machine on temperature during one side lapping
Autorzy:: Molenda, J.
Charchalis, A.
Tematy:: one side lapping
temperature rise model
executory system temperature
thermal imaging measurements
lapping parameters
lapping machine executory system; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246374.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Lapping process is characterized by its low speed, low pressure, and low materiał removal. It 's carried out by applying loose abrasive grains between work and lap surfaces, and causing a relative motion between them resulting in afinish of multi-directional lay. The grains activities in the working gap cause temperature rise of lap plate. In their work Bulsara and others studied the heat generated during lapping and polishing. They developed a moving heat source model to estimate the maximum and average temperature rise of abrasive-workpiece contacts. The heat generated at this contact was taken as aproduct of the friction force and the relative sliding velocity between abrasive and work surface. The model verification showed that real lap plate temperature rise was different from calculated. This work presents the results of lapping plate temperature rise research. The investigation has been conducted to check the influence of lapping machine on temperature rise. It was made during flat lapping with use of ABRALAP 380 lapping machine and thermographic camera V-20 II produced by VIGO System SA. The lapping machine executory system consists of three conditioning rings. Lapping plate temperature was measured during machine's work without, with one, two and three rings. Results of the measurements showed that even when lapping machine was working without load i.e. without rings, there was observed lap plate temperature rise. This wasn't taken into consideration in mentioned model and there is necessity to develop more comprehensive one.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Steel C45 elements lapping
Autorzy:: Molenda, J.
Charchalis, A.
Tematy:: flat lapping
steel C45 lapping
material removal rate
surface roughness; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241819.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Lapping is a process by which material is precisely removed from a workpiece to produce a desired dimension, surface finish or shape. It also removes subsurface damage caused by sawing or grinding. According to the classification surface to be generated, type of surface, kinematics of the cutting process, and tool shape (profile), many process variants can be distinguished. Among them face lapping are the most widespread lapping processes. They are used to produce a smooth, flat, unpolished surface. The process of lapping materials has been applied to a wide range of materials and applications, ranging from metals, glasses, optics, semiconductors and ceramics. Workpiece material properties and structure determine kind of material removal. Material removal by cutting, microfusion processes and material removal by microdeformation or by the induction of microcracks are to be underline. C45 is a medium carbon steel used when greater strength and hardness is desired than in the "rolled" condition, especially in mechanical engineering and automotive components. To minimize wear in high-speed applications requires extreme size accuracy, straightness and concentricity. To meet those high demands turning, grinding, lapping and polishing processes are used. This work presents results of steel C45 elements lapping. The experiments were conducted during flat lapping with use of ABRALAP 380 lapping machine. The lapping machine executory system consists of three conditioning rings. The process results were surface roughness Ra and material removal rate.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Development of intelligent lapping system estimation of finished surface roughness and its improvement speed
Autorzy:: Iyama, T.
Tanabe, I.
Moe, A. L.
Yoshi, K.
Nasu, F.
Tematy:: abrasive machining
lapping
intelligent finishing; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Wrocławska Rada Federacji Stowarzyszeń Naukowo-Technicznych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/99666.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The lapping process is one of the traditional finishing processes and generally it is conducted as manual process by skilled worker. The productivity of these manual processes is lower and difficult to control. Hence, we developed an automatic lapping system for moulds and dies. The lapping system consists of simple lapping tools and conventional milling machine. Several materials were machined as mirror like surface using the system. The lapping conditions are usually decided by skilled worker's experience or knowhow. Therefore, in this study, an intelligent lapping system with the optimum conditions calculated by the lapping model was developed. Specifically, the relationship between the finished quality (surface roughness Rz and improvement rate of Rz) and each parameter of the system, Vickers hardness of work piece and lapping head, lapping pressure, grain size, is investigated. Then, an intelligent lapping system is developed. Finally, the HPM31 are machined as confirmatory experiment by developed system with calculated lapping conditions. It is concluded from the result that: (1) The relationship between the surface roughness and lapping parameter was cleared. (2) The intelligent lapping system using the lapping model was developed. (3) The estimated limit surface roughness and improvement rate by calculated condition satisfactorily agreed with the experimental results.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Surface quality control of Al2O3 specimens after lapping
Autorzy:: Molenda, J.
Tematy:: lapping
surface quality
ceramic machining; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243823.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The finishing processes are an important perspective to be considered today to meet the goals like parallelism, tolerances, flatness and smooth surface of workpieces. These processes are high-precision abrasive processes. A leading importance in this perspective has the lapping process. It leads to a surface with low roughness and high precision. This paper reports the results of surface analysis of sealing elements made of oxide ceramic Al2O3. Because of elements, application as sealing parts in water valves, high surface quality and flatness is required. To meet those requirements grinding and lapping were execute. The first was realized by elements manufacturer, the second – during experiments. Research was carried out on a plate-lapping machine ABRALAP 380 with a grooved cast-iron lapping plate and three conditioning rings. As abrasive material boron carbide was use. Surface quality was investigated firstly after grinding and then, after lapping. A Hommeltester T8000-R60 profilometer with a resolution of 0.01 μm was used. The surface roughness parameters Ra and Rk were studied in the light of varying lapping parameters, like grains size, lapping pressure, velocity and time. According to literature, those are the most extensively used parameters for describing the surface roughness after finishing processes. Additionally the Abbot Firestone curves were analysed.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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