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Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 12
Tytuł:
Comparative evaluation of severity of COVID-19 pneumonia on computed tomography of the chest in vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals : an observational study
Autorzy:
Gupta, Kulbhushan
Singh, Parveen
Gupta, Vikrant
Ilyas, Mohd
Mahajan, Manik
Opis:
Purpose: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel virus causing an infectious disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Computed tomography (CT) of the chest plays a significant role in the diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19 using computed tomography severity scoring (CT-SS). Numerous vaccines are being made available in the world to lessen the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the current study is to compare the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia using CT-SS in COVID-19-positive vaccinated (Covishield/Oxford-AstraZeneca) and non-vaccinated individuals and to compare the final outcome wherever possible. Material and methods: This observational study was carried out from March 2021 to April 2021. Forty vaccinated and 40 non-vaccinated RT-PCR-positive COVID-19 patients who underwent CT chest during the 4-12th day of illness formed the material of the study. Semi-quantitative scoring was used, and CT-SS was calculated based on the extent of lobar involvement in all the patients. CT-SS was then compared between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups and the results analysed. Results: CT scans were performed in 80 patients (40 patients each in the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups). The majority of patients in the vaccinated group had mild (42.5%) and moderate (37.5%) CT-SS while the majority of patients in the non-vaccinated group had moderate (52.5%) and severe (27.5%) CT-SS score on chest CT. Also, no mortality was observed in the vaccinated group, with 2 deaths in the non-vaccinated group. Conclusions: Covishield vaccine administration reduces the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia as compared to the nonvaccinated group, with a marked reduction in mortality.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diagnostic performance and inter-observer variability of CO-RADS in the triage of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection : initial experience in Zagazig University Hospital
Autorzy:
El Sammak, Dena Abd El Aziz
Allam, Hala M.
Abdelhay, Rabab M.
Opis:
Purpose: In many healthcare settings in developing nations, multislice computed tomography (MSCT) imaging may be the only available diagnostic modality for patients with suspected COVID-19 infection, due to a shortage of laboratory kits. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and interobserver variability of CO-RADS (COVID-19 Reporting and Data System) in the triage of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection in Zagazig University Hospital. Material and methods: This study included 2500 patients with suspected COVID-19 infection, mean age 60.61 years ± 13.89. 61.4% were male. Unstable patients requiring urgent invasive ventilation, acute coronary syndrome patients, pregnant females, and patients with RT-PCR results available prior to MSCT were excluded from this study. RT-PCR was performed in all patients included in the study. Results: Fever and dry cough were the most common clinical symptoms, detected in 80.16% and 52.00%, respectively. The most common comorbidities were cardiovascular diseases, followed by chronic lung disease and diabetes, found in 27.36%, 22.80%, and 18.00%, respectively. Of the 1500 RT-PCR-positive patients, 40% had CO-RADS score 5, while 3.4% had CO-RADS score 1. Of the 1000 RT-PCR-negative patients, 36% had CO-RADS score 2 and 1% were scored as CO-RADS 5. There was excellent agreement in the studied patients as the weighted κ value was 0.846, which was more pronounced at CO-RADS 5 (24.40%). The sensitivity of CO-RADS was higher in the 2nd scenario (83.27% vs. 55.27%) while the specificity was higher in the 1st scenario (95% vs. 65%). Conclusion: The CO-RADS scoring system is a sensitive and specific method that can help in the diagnosis of COVID-19 during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. CO-RADS is a triage test in resource-constrained environments, assisting in the optimization of RT-PCR tests, isolation beds, and intensive care units.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Autorzy:
Bochenek, Tomasz
Kawalec, Paweł
Furman, Maciej
Santura, Izabella
Opis:
The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography (CT) scans of the chests of patients with the reference reverse-transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in early diagnosis of COVID-19. A systematic review with meta-analysis for numerical outcomes was performed, including 10 studies (6528 patients). High risk of systematic bias (spectrum bias) was demonstrated in all studies, while in several studies research information bias was found to be possible. The sensitivity of CT examination ranged from 72% to 98%, and the specificity from 22% to 96%. The overall sensitivity of the CT scan was 91% and the specificity 87% (95% CI). Overall sensitivity of the RT-PCR reference test was lower (87%) than its specificity (99%) (95% CI). No clear conclusion could be drawn on the rationale of using CT scanning in the early diagnosis of COVID-19 in situations when specific clinical symptoms and epidemiological history would indicate coronavirus infection. The sensitivity of the CT test seems to be higher than that of the RT-PCR reference test, but this may be related to the mode of analysis and type of material analysed in genetic tests. CT scanning could be performed in symptomatic patients, with a defined time interval from symptom onset to performing CT or RT-PCR, and it should be explicitly included as an additional procedure when initial coronavirus genetic test results are negative, while clinical symptoms and epidemiological history indicate possible infection. However, a reference test showing the presence of coronavirus genetic material is essential throughout the diagnostic and treatment process.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sensitivity and specificity of chest computed tomography scan based on RT-PCR in COVID-19 diagnosis
Autorzy:
Afrashteh, Sima
Pourmontaseri, Zahra
Hosseinzadeh, Mehrnaz
Karimi, Jalal
Mirahmadizadeh, Alireza
Sharafi, Mehdi
Opis:
Purpose: COVID-19 is a novel, severely contagious and progressive infection occurring worldwide. The diagnosis of the disease is based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and computed tomography (CT) scan, even though they are still controversial methods. Material and methods: We studied 54 patients with suspected COVID-19 and the two mentioned methods were compared with each other. Results: Sensitivity and specificity of the abnormal chest CT scan, ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation opacity, and both of GGO and consolidation were also surveyed based on RT-PCR. The results showed that RT-PCR assay was negative in 23 (42.6%) patients and positive in 31 (57.4%) cases. Also, the patients with an abnormal chest CT scan comprised 37 (68.5%). The sensitivity and specificity of abnormal CT scan were 78.6% and 42.3%, respectively, based on the RT-PCR method. Conclusions: Other techniques alongside CT scan and RT-PCR are advocated for accuracy of the COVID-19 diagnosis.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Identification of optimal reference genes for gene expression studies in a focal cerebral ischaemia model - spatiotemporal effects
Autorzy:
Pomierny, Bartosz
Pera, Joanna
Krzyżanowska, Weronika
Jurczyk, Jakub
Budziszewska, Bogusława
Strach, Beata
Skorkowska, Alicja
Leonovich, Innesa
Opis:
A proper reference gene (RG) is required to reliably measure mRNA levels in biological samples via quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Various experimental paradigms require specific and stable RGs. In studies using rodent models of brain ischaemia, a variety of genes, such as β-actin (Actb), hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (Hprt1), peptidyl-propyl isomerase A (Ppia) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh), are used as RGs. However, most of these genes have not been validated in specific experimental settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time- and brain region-dependent expression of RG candidates in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). The following genes were selected: Actb, Hprt1, Ppia, Gapdh, tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta (Ywhaz) and beta-2 microglobulin (B2m). Focal cerebral ischaemia was induced by 90 min of tMCAO in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Expression was investigated at four time points (12 and 24 h; 3 and 7 days) and in three brain areas (the frontal cortex, hippocampus and dorsal striatum) within the ischaemic brain hemisphere. The RT-qPCR results were analysed using variance analysis and the ΔCt, GeNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper methods. Data from these algorithms were ranked using the geometric mean of ranks of each analysis. Ppia, Hprt1 and Ywhaz were the most stable genes across the analysed brain areas and time points. B2m and Actb exhibited the greatest fluctuations, and the results for Gapdh were ambiguous.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Autorzy:
Cheng, Nina
Martin, Clarissa
Umair, Muhammad
Arya, Namrata
Waller, Joseph
Lin, Keldon
Diaz, Michael Joseph
Chang, Bryant
Henry, Travis
Opis:
Purpose: The global and ongoing COVID-19 outbreak has compelled the need for timely and reliable methods of detection for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been widely accepted as a reference standard for COVID-19 diagnosis, several early studies have suggested the superior sensitivity of computed tomography (CT) in identifying SARS-CoV-2 infection. In a previous systematic review, we stratified studies based on risk for bias to evaluate the true sensitivity of CT for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study revisits our prior analysis, incorporating more current data to assess the sensitivity of CT for COVID-19. Material and methods: The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant articles published between 1 January 2020, and 25 April 2021. Exclusion criteria included lack of specification regarding whether the study cohort was adult or paediatric, whether patients were symptomatic or asymptomatic, and not identifying the source of RT-PCR specimens. Ultimately, 62 studies were included for systematic review and were subsequently stratified by risk for bias using the QUADAS-2 quality assessment tool. Sensitivity data were extracted for random effects meta-analyses. Results: The average sensitivity for COVID-19 reported by the high-risk-of-bias studies was 68% [CI: 58, 80; range: 38-96%] for RT-PCR and 91% [CI: 87, 96; range: 47-100%] for CT. The average sensitivity reported by the low-risk-of-bias studies was 84% [CI: 0.75, 0.94; range: 70-97%] for RT-PCR and 78% [CI: 71, 0.86; range: 44-92%] for CT. Conclusions: On average, the high-risk-of bias studies underestimated the sensitivity of RT-PCR and overestimated the sensitivity of CT for COVID-19. Given the incorporation of recently published low-risk-of-bias articles, the sensitivities according to low-risk-of-bias studies for both RT-PCR and CT were higher than previously reported.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 12

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