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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Universal Service Obligation and Loyalty Effects: An Agent-Based Modelling Approach
    Autorzy:
    Kiljański, Kamil
    Bakhtieva, Dilyara
    Wydawca:
    Center for Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Opis:
    Michał Mijal
    In network industries, a Universal Service Obligation (USO) is often seen as a burden on an incumbent, which requires compensation for the net cost of such service provision. This paper estimates the effects of consumer loyalty as an intangible benefit of USO in the postal sector. In doing so, the agent-based modelling (ABM) approach is applied, which makes it possible to model the behaviour of boundedly rational consumers and is thus particularly appropriate for taking into account intangibles considerations. The analysis shows that loyalty is crucial to whether the USO uniform pricing constraint results in loss-making or profitability. Under certain conditions and in the presence of a loyalty parameter, uniform pricing gives a USO provider an advantage, when the size of the rural area is sufficiently big and a disadvantage, if its size is too small. This finding is counterintuitive as USO providers in countries with sparsely populated areas are typically expected to incur a significant net cost of USO.
    Dostawca treści:
    Repozytorium Centrum Otwartej Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Convexity and Monotonicity in Language Coordination: Simulating the Emergence of Semantic Universals in Populations of Cognitive Agents
    Autorzy:
    Gierasimczuk, Nina
    Kalociński, Dariusz
    Uszyński, Jakub
    Rakowski, Franciszek
    Wydawca:
    Springer Nature
    Cytata wydawnicza:
    Gierasimczuk, N., Kalociński, D., Rakowski, F. et al. Convexity and Monotonicity in Language Coordination: Simulating the Emergence of Semantic Universals in Populations of Cognitive Agents. J of Log Lang and Inf 32, 569–600 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10849-023-09401-5
    Opis:
    Natural languages vary in their quantity expressions, but the variation seems to be constrained by general properties, so-called universals. Their explanations have been sought among constraints of human cognition, communication, complexity, and pragmatics. In this article, we apply a state-of-the-art language coordination model to the semantic domain of quantities to examine whether two quantity universals—monotonicity and convexity—arise as a result of coordination. Assuming precise number perception by the agents, we evolve communicatively usable quantity terminologies in two separate conditions: a numeric-based condition in which agents communicate about a number of objects and a quotient-based condition in which agents communicate about the proportions. We find out that both universals take off in all conditions but only convexity almost entirely dominates the emergent languages. Additionally, we examine whether the perceptual constraints of the agents can contribute to the further development of universals. We compare the degrees of convexity and monotonicity of languages evolving in populations of agents with precise and approximate number sense. The results suggest that approximate number sense significantly reinforces monotonicity and leads to further enhancement of convexity. Last but not least, we show that the properties of the evolved quantifiers match certain invariance properties from generalized quantifier theory.
    Dostawca treści:
    Repozytorium Centrum Otwartej Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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