Temat: executive - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Impact of early bilingualism and socioeconomic level on executive functions
Impacto del bilingüismo temprano y nivel socioeconómico sobre las funciones ejecutivas
Autorzy:: Sadaniowski, Alejandra B.
Luna, y Fernando G.
Marino, Julian C.
Bukowski, Marcin
Opis:: Se realizó un estudio para conocer si se mantienen los efectos potenciadores del bilingüismo temprano en poblaciones con Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas (NBI). Se administró una batería neuropsicológica a 122 adolescentes provenientes del norte de Argentina y sur de Paraguay que incluyó la tarea Test de Stroop, Tarea de Laberintos y Pruebas de Fluidez Verbal para evaluar la flexibilidad cognitiva y control ejecutivo. Se comparó el rendimiento de los participantes organizados en cuatro grupos según nivel socioeconómico (con necesidades básicas satisfechas e insatisfechas) y exposición temprana a una o dos lenguas (español, guaraní-español o español-guaraní). Los resultados refutaron las hipótesis iniciales debido a que los participantes monolingües rindieron mejor que los bilingües y esta diferencia se acrecentó en los grupos con NBI. Se hace necesario un nuevo estudio que amplíe estos hallazgos y compare bilingües y monolingües de una misma comunidad debido a que las diferencias encontradas podrían ser a causa de las características de las diferentes comunidades en las que se trabajó.
A study was carried out to determine if the potentiating effects of early bilingualism in populations with Unsatisfied Basic Needs (UBN) were maintained. A neuropsychological battery was administered to 122 adolescents from northern Argentina and southern Paraguay who included the task Stroop, Trail Making Test and Verbal Fluency Tests to evaluate the cognitive flexibility and executive control. The present study compared the participants' performance in four groups according to the socioeconomic level (with basic needs satisfied and unsatisfied) and early exposure to one or two languages (Spanish, Guarani-Spanish or Spanish-Guaraní). The results refuted the initial hypotheses because the monolingual participants performed better than the bilinguals and this difference was increased in the NBI groups. A new study is necessary to expand these findings and compare bilingual and monolingual of the same community because the differences found could be due to the characteristics of the different communities where they were worked.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: The relationship between executive functions, physical and functional capacibility in people over 60 years old
Związek między funkcjami wykonawczymi a sprawnością fizyczną oraz funkcjonalną u osób po 60 roku życia
Autorzy:: Sałakowski, Andrzej
Rajtar-Zembaty, Jakub
Rajtar-Zembaty, Anna
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Flanker task with equiprobable congruent and incongruent conditions does not elicit the conflict N2
Autorzy:: Senderecka, Magdalena
Kałamała-Ligęza, Patrycja
Wodniecka-Chlipalska, Zofia
Szewczyk, Jakub
Opis:: In many published studies, various modifications of the flanker task have been used. Regardless of the flanker task version, the conflict N2 component has been consistently reported and interpreted as evidence for the resolution of conflict introduced by incongruent flankers. However, ERP studies that used the most basic flanker task (i.e., a version with equiprobable congruent and incongruent conditions in which only congruency between the target and flankers is manipulated) have not provided compelling evidence for the conflict N2 component. We report the results of a large-sample ERP study employing a basic flanker task that allowed us to revisit the mechanism underlying the resolution of conflict introduced by incongruent flankers. In the behavioral data, we observed the classic effect of congruency. In the ERP data, we found three conflict-sensitive components: (a) an early frontal component, presumably corresponding to P2, (b) P300 for congruent trials, followed by (c) P300 for incongruent trials. We did not find evidence for the conflict N2 component. Based on a review of literature, we propose that the conflict N2 component observed in a basic flanker task might be a frontal aspect of the P300 component. Given previous attempts to attribute the functional role of the ERP components, the absence of the conflict N2 in the basic flanker task suggests that response inhibition may not be crucial for the resolution of conflict induced by incongruent flankers. Instead, the P2 component appears to indicate that selective attention might play an important role in resolving the flanker conflict.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) versus Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) : comparison of the effectiveness of the tests in detecting cognitive impairment after stroke
Montrealski Test do Oceny Funkcji Poznawczych (MoCA) versus Krótka Skala Oceny Stanu Umysłowego (MMSE) : porównanie skuteczności testów w wykrywaniu zaburzeń poznawczych u chorych po udarze mózgu
Autorzy:: Bober-Płonka, Bogusława
Nowak, Ryszard
Rajtar, Anna
Przewoźnik, Dorota
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: The role of executive processes in working memory deficits in Parkinson’s disease
Autorzy:: Owen, Adrian M.
Gruszka-Gosiewska, Aleksandra
Bor, Daniel
Nęcka, Edward
Barker, Roger R.
Opis:: Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) impairs working memory, but the exact nature of this deficit in terms of the underlying cognitive mechanisms is not well understood. In this study patients with mild clinical symptoms of PD were compared with matched healthy control subjects on a computerized battery of tests designed to assess spatial working memory and verbal working memory. In the spatial working memory task, subjects were required to recall a sequence of four locations. The verbal working memory task was methodologically identical except for the modality of the stimuli used, requiring subjects to orally recall a sequence of six digits. In either case, half of the sequences were structured in a way that allowed ‘chunking’, while others were unstructured. This manipulation was designed to dissociate the strategic component of task performance from the memory-load component. Mild medicated patients with PD were impaired only on the structured versions of the verbal working memory tasks. The analogous deficit in the spatial working memory was less pronounced. These findings are in agreement with the hypothesis that working memory deficits in PD reflect mainly the executive component of the tasks and that the deficits may be at least partly modality-independent.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Non-motor symptoms associated with progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
Autorzy:: Lenarczyk, Michał
Rodriguez Parkitna, Jan
Pera, Joanna
Radlicka-Borysewska, Anna
Bagińska, Monika
Szumiec, Łukasz
Jabłońska, Judyta
Harda, Zofia
Wójcik, Daniel K.
Kreiner, Grzegorz
Barut, Justyna
Opis:: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by three main motor symptoms: bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor. PD is also associated with diverse non-motor symptoms that may develop in parallel or precede motor dysfunctions, ranging from autonomic system dysfunctions and impaired sensory perception to cognitive deficits and depression. Here, we examine the role of the progressive loss of dopaminergic transmission in behaviors related to the non-motor symptoms of PD in a mouse model of the disease (the TIF-IA$^{DATACreERT2}$ strain). We found that in the period from 5 to 12 weeks after the induction of a gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons, mild motor symptoms became detectable, including changes in the distance between paws while standing as well as the swing speed and step sequence. Male mutant mice showed no apparent changes in olfactory acuity, no anhedonia-like behaviors, and normal learning in an instrumental task; however, a pronounced increase in the number of operant responses performed was noted. Similarly, female mice with progressive dopaminergic neuron degeneration showed normal learning in the probabilistic reversal learning task and no loss of sweet-taste preference, but again, a robustly higher number of choices were performed in the task. In both males and females, the higher number of instrumental responses did not affect the accuracy or the fraction of rewarded responses. Taken together, these data reveal discrete, dopamine-dependent non-motor symptoms that emerge in the early stages of dopaminergic neuron degeneration.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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