Temat: fire - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Potential forest fire risk evaluation in Poland
Autorzy:: Szczygieł, Ryszard
Kwiatkowski, Mirosław
Kołakowski, Bartłomiej
Piwnicki, Józef
Wydawca:: Committee on Forestry Sciences and Wood Technology of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Forest Research Institute in Sekocin Stary
Cytata wydawnicza:: Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A – Forestry , 2020, Vol. 62 (1), 39–45. DOI: 10.2478/ffp-2020-0005
Opis:: The term forest fire risk means the existence of such conditions that would make possible the occurrence of a fire in the forest environment. The base for the effectiveness of a forest fire protection system is the evaluation of the forest fire risk followed by adequate organization of the system. This article presents methods for determination of the forest susceptibility to fire known as potential forest fire risk. The below presented methods were developed by Forest Research Institute as the results of the projects commissioned by the General Directorate of State Forests. The forest fire risk category and stand flammability classes are the methods included here. The forest fire risk category was elaborated already in 1975 for the first time. Until today, after the last modification in 2008, it is the fundamental document for the polish forest fire protection system. The purpose of this modification was to increase the determination accuracy of the fire risk category of all polish forest, regardless of its ownership type and at the different administrative level. The categorization method, however, doesn't reflect the fire risk in micro scale. The attempt to solve that problem was made in 2018 while developing the methodology of stand flammability classes. It was assumed that ground cover fuel models will be developed for the most flammable forest habitat types including ground cover types, dominant species, age class and geographical localisation.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Centrum Otwartej Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Potential forest fire risk evaluation in Poland
Autorzy:: Szczygieł, Ryszard
Kwiatkowski, Mirosław
Kołakowski, Bartłomiej
Piwnicki, Józef
Wydawca:: The Committee on Forestry Sciences and Wood Technology of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Forest Research Institute in Sekocin Stary
Cytata wydawnicza:: Szczygieł, R., Kwiatkowski, M., Kołakowski, B., & Piwnicki, J. (2020). Potential forest fire risk evaluation in Poland, Folia Forestalia Polonica, 62(1), 39-45. doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2020-0005
Opis:: The term forest fire risk means the existence of such conditions that would make possible the occurrence of a fire in the forest environment. The base for the effectiveness of a forest fire protection system is the evaluation of the forest fire risk followed by adequate organization of the system. This article presents methods for determination of the forest susceptibility to fire known as potential forest fire risk. The below presented methods were developed by Forest Research Institute as the results of the projects commissioned by the General Directorate of State Forests. The forest fire risk category and stand flammability classes are the methods included here. The forest fire risk category was elaborated already in 1975 for the first time. Until today, after the last modification in 2008, it is the fundamental document for the polish forest fire protection system. The purpose of this modification was to increase the determination accuracy of the fire risk category of all polish forest, regardless of its ownership type and at the different administrative level. The categorization method, however, doesn’t reflect the fire risk in micro scale. The attempt to solve that problem was made in 2018 while developing the methodology of stand flammability classes. It was as - sumed that ground cover fuel models will be developed for the most flammable forest habitat types including ground cover types, dominant species, age class and geographical localisation.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Centrum Otwartej Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Zakour Forest fire risk map assessment in the commune of Mamounia (Mascara, Algeria)
Autorzy:: Djamel, Anteur
Fekir, Youcef
Baghdadi, Djillali
Benaradj, Abdelkrim
Wydawca:: The Committee on Forestry Sciences and Wood Technology of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Forest Research Institute in S´kocin Stary
Cytata wydawnicza:: Anteur, Djamel, Benaradj, Abdelkrim, Fekir, Youcef and Baghdadi, Djillali. "Zakour Forest fire risk map assessment in the commune of Mamounia (Mascara, Algeria)" Folia Forestalia Polonica, vol.63, no.1, 2021, pp.21-35. https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2021-0003
Opis:: The great forest of Zakour is located north of the commune of Mamounia (department of Mascara). It is considered the lung of the city of Mascara, covers an area of 126.8 ha. It is a forest that is subject to several natural and human constraints. Among them, the fires are a major danger because of their impacts on forest ecosystems. The purpose of this work is to develop a fire risk map of the Zakour Forest through the contribution of geomatics according to natural and anthropogenic conditions (human activities, agglomeration, agricultural land) while integrating information from ground on the physiognomy of the vegetation. For this, the creation of a clearer fire risk map to delimit the zones potentially sensitive to forest fires in the forest area of Zakour. This then allows good implementation of detection management plans, for better prevention and decision-making assistance in protecting and fighting forest fires.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Centrum Otwartej Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Dynamic forest fire risk evaluation in Poland
Autorzy:: Szczygieł, Ryszard
Kwiatkowski, Mirosław
Kołakowski, Bartłomiej
Piwnicki, Józef
Wydawca:: The Committee on Forestry Sciences and Wood Technology of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Forest Research Institute in Sekocin Stary
Cytata wydawnicza:: Szczygieł, Ryszard & Kwiatkowski, Mirosław & Kołakowski, Bartłomiej & Piwnicki, Józef. (2020). Dynamic forest fire risk evaluation in Poland. Folia Forestalia Polonica. 62. 139-144. 10.2478/ffp-2020-0014.
Opis:: The weather conditions determine the dynamic forest fire risk. In Poland, the dynamic forest fire risk is calculated using a method elaborated at the Forest Research Institute. The forest fire risk degree (4-level scale) is calculated every day at 9:00 am and at 1:00 pm during the fire season (1.03 till 30.09) for 60 prognostic zones selected on the basis of stand and climatic conditions. 97% of all annual forest fires occur during the fire season. Surface fires are a significant part of the fires (90%) and occur in forest stands where pine is the dominant species. The purpose of the research was to prepare a new method of forecasting forest fire risk, which would enable a more precise method of evaluation of the risk of an outbreak of fire in relation to the existing and forecast meteorological conditions in forests. The results obtained during testing of this method indicate a high accuracy in forecasting fire risk and a satisfactory precision of formulae for calculating moisture content of pine litter. The assumptions of the new method included: – possibility of determining the actual risk of fire for the given area, being the average for all measurement points located on the terrain equally those in which the moisture content measurement of litter has not been performed, – possibility of forecasting the risk of forest fire for the afternoon in the morning hours of the given day, – possibility of forecasting fire risk for the following day, – forecasting moisture content of litter for the afternoon and of the given day and for the following day, – drawing up a method enabling limitation of operational costs of fire prevention system.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Centrum Otwartej Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: The attempt to assess the fire risk of non-forest terrestrial ecosystems of Biebrza National Park – A case study
Autorzy:: Szczygieł, Ryszard
Kwiatkowski, Mirosław
Kołakowski, Bartłomiej
Wydawca:: Committee on Forestry Sciences and Wood Technology of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Forest Research Institute in Sękocin Stary
Cytata wydawnicza:: Szczygieł R.,Kwiatkowski M. and Kołakowski B. (2021) The attempt to assess the fire risk of non-forest terrestrial ecosystems of Biebrza National Park – A case study. Folia Forestalia Polonica, Vol.63 (Issue 2), pp. 167-175. https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2021-0017
Opis:: On 19th April, the largest wildfire of the entire history of Biebrza National Park broke out and consumed 5526 ha, mostly overdried grassland with sedges and reeds of Biebrza marshes. The very rapid spread of the fire in the open space, with the blowing wind changing directions and the inaccessibility of the area for fire-fighting vehicles were the main reasons of this third largest wildfire in Poland, after the tragic forest fires in Kuźnia Raciborska (9060 ha burnt) and Potrzebowice (5600 ha burnt) in the memorable year of 1992. After this event, activities were undertaken to develop a fire protection plan for the Biebrza National Park. It took into account an innovative approach during the analysis of the existing fire risk, primarily regarding the non-forest terrestrial ecosystems composed of herbaceous vegetation, which constitutes as much as 61.2% of the park’s area, and to propose protection methods adequate to the threat. The work was completed in the framework of the project entitled ‘Development of the method for assessing the fire risk of non-forest ecosystems and the principles of fire protection for the Biebrza National Park – stage I,’ commissioned for the Forest Research Institute by the Biebrza National Park, financed by the State Forests from the forest fund, in accordance with the contract EZ.0290.1.24.2020. The article presents a preliminary method of classifying the fire risk of non-forest ecosystems, considering the occurrence of the fires in the Biebrza National Park in the years 2007–2020 and the type of vegetation burnt. This method, after supplementary field tests planned in 2021, will enable evaluation of the fire risk, which shall be a premise for the development of a fire protection plan.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Centrum Otwartej Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Patient in hypothermia - diagnostic and treatment problems in fire department
Autorzy:: Zając, Kewin
Važanić, Damir
Wydawca:: Emergency Care Company
Cytata wydawnicza:: Zając K, Važanić D. Patient in hypothermia - diagnostic and treatment problems in fire department . Critic Care Innov. 2018; 1(1):34-36.
Opis:: Accidental hypothermia occurs when, as a result of environmental factors, the central body temperature drops below 35° C. Deep hypothermia is a life-threatening condition, but it is one of the reversible causes of cardiac arrest. At a temperature of 30-28⁰ C, the oxygen demand is 50% normal, at 25⁰ C only 33%, and below 10⁰ C 4-11%. Heart, liver and brain have more requirements in this respect, and the kidneys need most oxygen. In the Deep Hypothermia Treatment Center in Krakow, a system of rapid implementation of extracorporeal circulation (ECMO) was developed, obtaining favorable therapeutic results in non-traumatic patients. The patient in hypothermia accounts for a significant percentage of all intervention services of the emergency services. The analysis of death cards issued in 2009-2012 in Poland showed that exposure to excessive natural cold was the initial cause of death in 1,836 people. Early identification of victims in hypothermia, established algorithm of action and coordination of activities leading to the use of extracorporeal heating techniques can contribute to improved prognosis. (...)
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Centrum Otwartej Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Effects of different fire severity levels on soil chemical and physical properties in Zagros forests of western Iran
Autorzy:: Ali, Mahdavi
Mehdi, Heydari
Ali, Salehi
Mostafa, Adibnejad
Wydawca:: Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa, Komitet Nauk Leśnych PAN
Opis:: Przemysław Szmit
The study focused on the effect of different intensities of fire on physical and chemical properties of soil in Zagros forests of western Iran. The dominant tree species in these forests is oak (Quercus persica). Three sites were selected; high severity burned site (HS), low severity burned site (LS) and control (not burned) site (C). Soil chemical properties such as: organic matter (OM), the total nitrogen (N), NO3-N, soluble potassium (K), soil phosphorus (P), pH, soil electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchangeable capacity (CEC), base cations (Ca, Mg, Na), CO2 and soil physical properties such as saturation percentage (SP), bulk density (BD), sand, clay and silt percentages were assessed in soil samples. To determine significance of differences among the three observed sites and most effective variables in the separation of sample plots, one-way analysis of variance and principal component analysis were used, respectively. Mean pH, N, NO3- N, OM, SP, P, K, and CEC at HS site were lower than at the sites with other fire intensities but the EC value for HS site was higher in comparison with other sites observed. According to Duncan's test, mean BD value for HS site was higher when compared with other sites but SP value was comparatively lowest. At LS site, mean sand content was lowest and the amount of silt was highest, in comparison with other sites. The results showed that observed fire severities had significant effects on physical and chemical properties of soil, yet fire low severity and control sites were very similar to each other in terms of investigated factors. Therefore, it can be concluded that low-severity fire regime has no significant influence on soil properties. In a management strategy, controlled low-severity fire regime can be an alternative management tool in improving soil conditions.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Centrum Otwartej Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Effect of repeated fire on understory plant species diversity in Saravan forests, northern Iran
Autorzy:: Adel, Mohammad Naghi
Kuhestani, Javad Sadegh
Daryayi, Mehrdad Ghodskhah
Pashaki, Mohaddese Seddighi
Wydawca:: Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Opis:: Przemysław Szmit
Fire usually causes changes in the composition and diversity of herbaceous species. The present paper aimed to study the effect of repeated fire incidents on understory species diversity in the Saravan forests of Guilan Province located in the north of Iran. To do so, three 50-hectare areas with identical physiographical conditions and overstory (hand-planted softwood Pinus taeda) were selected. Seven fire incidences occurred for the 10-year period in one of the areas and the other area experienced three fire incidents within the same period. The area with no fire incidents was considered as the control area. All the fire incidents were surface ones. The systematic random method with a sample size 100 × 200 m was used for collecting data. Based on the above, 25 samples were determined in each area. The whole coverage of the understory was taken into consideration using Whittaker's method and the Domain criterion so as to calculate species diversity indices. The results showed that Shannon-Wiener diversity and Menhinick's richness in the regions which experienced 3 and 7 fire incidents were maximum and minimum, respectively, whereas no significant difference was seen between the regions with regard to Smith and Wilson's evenness index.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Centrum Otwartej Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Health condition and colonization of stem insects in Scots pine after ground fire in Central Polissya
Autorzy:: Andreieva, Olena
Zhytovа, Olena
Martynchuk, Ivan
Wydawca:: The Committee on Forestry Sciences and Wood Technology of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Forest Research Institute in Sekocin Stary
Cytata wydawnicza:: Andreieva, O., Zhytovа, O., & Martynchuk, I. (2018). Health Condition and Colonization of Stem Insects in Scots Pine after Ground Fire in Central Polissya, Folia Forestalia Polonica, 60(3), 143-153.
Opis:: Over the past decades, the increase in occurrence of fires has caused degradation of the forest ecosystem and caused impacts to the environment. The aim of this study was to reveal the peculiarities of Scots pine health condition dynamics in the first 2 years after August fire and to estimate the rate of tree colonisation by stem insects in Central Polissya. Scots pine health condition for the first 2 years after summer ground fire in August 2016 and the rate of tree colonisation by stem insects was studied in Zhytomyr region, Western Ukraine. Stem scorch height was measured for every fire-damaged tree, and the index of fire damage severity was calculated. Vital trees health condition worsened more intensively in the sample plot with the lowest relative stocking density and the highest stem scorch by fire. Generally, the forest health condition has worsened in post-fire period in fire damaged stands. However, 23.1% of trees recovered health condition from category ‘drying-up’ to ‘severely weakened’. In fire-damaged stands, the number of species of stem insects has increased from 8 to 11 during the first 2 years of fire damage. Bark beetles were represented by Tomicus piniperda (Linnaeus, 1758), Tomicus minor (Hartig, 1834), Ips acuminatus (Gyllenhal, 1827) and Ips sexdentatus (Boerner, 1767). Jewel beetles included Anthaxia quadripunctata (Linnaeus, 1758), Phaenops cyaneus (Fabricius, 1775), Melanophila acuminata (DeGeer, 1774) and Chalcophora mariana (Linnaeus, 1758). Longhorn beetles included Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier, 1795), Pogonocherus fasciculatus (Degeer, 1775) and Acanthocinus aedilis (Linnaeus, 1758). Tree colonisation by stem insects in the year of fire damage was comparable with control stand, because insect swarming completed before this disturbance. Maximal occurrence of stem insects in 2017 in fire-damaged stand increased up to 66.7% (for I. sexdentatus). The percentage of trees colonised by any insect species at fire-damaged and healthy pine stands differed significantly. The occurrence of stem insects depended mainly on the ratio of trees with different health condition. Our results demonstrate data of tree damage from fire and tree health index as a strong predictor of post-fire mortality of Scots pine and bark beetle occurrence.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Centrum Otwartej Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Evaluation of long term forest fires in India with respect to state administrative boundary, forest category of LULC and future climate change scenario: A Geospatial Perspective
Autorzy:: Goparaju, Laxmi
Uddin, Meraj
Firoz, Ahmad
Wydawca:: Forest Research Institute (Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa), Sękocin Stary, Poland
Cytata wydawnicza:: Ahmad, Firoz & Uddin, Md Meraj & Goparaju, Laxmi. (2019). Evaluation of long term forest fires in India with respect to state administrative boundary, forest category of LULC and future climate change scenario: A Geospatial Perspective. Forest Research Papers / Leśne prace badawcze. 79. 335-343. 10.2478/frp-2018-0034.
Opis:: Analysing the forest fires events in climate change scenario is essential for protecting the forest from further degradation. Geospatial technology is one of the advanced tools that has enormous capacity to evaluate the number of data sets simultaneously and to analyse the hidden relationships and trends. This study has evaluated the long term forest fire events with respect to India's state boundary, its seasonal monthly trend, all forest categories of LULC and future climate anomalies datasets over the Indian region. Furthermore, the spatial analysis revealed the trend and their relationship. The state wise evaluation of forest fire events reflects that the state of Mizoram has the highest forest fire frequency percentage (11.33%) followed by Chhattisgarh (9.39%), Orissa (9.18%), Madhya Pradesh (8.56%), Assam (8.45%), Maharashtra (7.35%), Manipur (6.94%), Andhra Pradesh (5.49%), Meghalaya (4.86%) and Telangana (4.23%) when compared to the total country's forest fire counts. The various LULC categories which represent the forest show some notable forest fire trends. The category ‘Deciduous Broadleaf Forest' retain the highest fire frequency equivalent to 38.1% followed by ‘Mixed Forest' (25.6%), ‘Evergreen Broadleaf Forest' (16.5%), ‘Deciduous Needle leaf Forest' (11.5%), ‘Shrub land' (5.5%), ‘Evergreen Needle leaf Forest' (1.5%) and ‘Plantations' (1.2%). Monthly seasonal variation of forest fire events reveal the highest forest fire frequency percentage in the month of ‘March' (55.4%) followed by ‘April' (28.2%), ‘February' (8.1%), ‘May' (6.7%), ‘June' (0.9%) and ‘January' (0.7%). The evaluation of future climate data for the year 2030 shows significant increase in forest fire seasonal temperature and abrupt annual rainfall pattern; therefore, future forest fires will be more intensified in large parts of India, whereas it will be more crucial for some of the states such as Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Mizoram, Assam and in the lower Sivalik range of Himalaya. The deciduous forests will further degrade in future. The highlight/results of this study have very high importance because such spatial relationship among the various datasets is analysed at the country level in view of the future climate scenario. Such analysis gives insight to the policymakers to make sustainable future plans for prioritization of the various state forests suffering from forest fire keeping in mind the future climate change scenario.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Centrum Otwartej Nauki

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