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Tytuł:
Zmienność występowania opadów deszczu i śniegu w Hornsundzie w okresie lipiec 1978 - grudzień 2002
Variability in the occurrence of rain and snow at Hornsund over the period July 1978 - December 2002
Autorzy:
Łupikasza, E.
Tematy:
Spitsbergen
opady atmosferyczne
opady deszczu
opady śniegu
rain
snow
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260943.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
In the polar regions, the sums of precipitation of the accumulation period is of great importance, because they are an component one of the most valid processes connected with glacier mass balance - accumulation. From glaciological point of view, to determine which part of annual sums of precipitation appears in the form liquid and mixed and solid precipitation is the crucial problem. In this connection, the main aim of this paper is analyse variability of the precipitation with respect of their form in the annual course as well as their long-term variability in Hornsund in the period of 1978-2002. The data used in this article are mainly derived from meteorological yearbook Hornsund (2000, 2001) that was published by Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - maritime department in Gdynia and from yearbook Meteorological Conditions Hornsund, Spitsbergen (2001) that was published by Polish Academy of Science in Warsaw. Collected numerical data are not complete. There is a lack of data concerned precipitation sums and meteorological phenomenon for the period from 01sth to 26sth of July 1981. Moreover the data describing precipitation sums does not exist for the days: 04, 07, 09, 19 July 1979. In this article three main form of precipitation (liquid, mixed and solid) were considered. The form of precipitation was determined on the base of meteorological phenomenon that was recorded as current and last weather. The average, maximum and minimum daily air temperatures were additional criterions. In this connection that the notation of meteorological data prevented to consider each event of appearance of precipitation, the days with individual form of precipitation were subjected to analysis. The day with mixed precipitation means that during all 24 hour period (from 6 given to 6 next day) appeared one time snow and second time rain or snow and rain in the same time. The annual course of individual form of precipitation and their probability of appearance in each month, long term variability of sums of individual form of precipitation and the number of days with this form of precipitation in the accumulation and annual periods were discussed. The linear trends and variability coefficients were calculated for long term characteristics of precipitation. It was stated that in Hornsund long-term average sum of annual precipitation amounted at about 424 mm The greatest part of this appear in the liquid (37%) and the lowest in a mixed form. On average in Hornsund there is noted at about 239 days with precipitation in year from what 63% falls on days with snow and 13% on days with snow and rain. In the accumulation period the solid precipitation were characterized by greatest sums as well as greatest number of days with this one. Long-term course of individual form of precipitation shows similar tendencies. In the annual period as well as in the accumulation this one liquid precipitation are characterized by the highest variability coefficient and range of change. Their lowest sums occur in the middle of 80ies and from mid-80ies they show increasing tendency. Mixed precipitation shows the smallest range of change, their highest sums occur in the middle of 80ies and in the case of annual period also in the second half of 90ies. From the second half of 90ies mixed precipitation show decreasing tendency. Statistically significant increasing tendencies of liquid and mixed precipitation during all considered period accompany decreasing tendency of solid precipitation. The highest sums of solid precipitation occur in the first half of 80ies and the lowest one in the second half of the same decade. From the beginning of 90ies there is a decreasing tendency in the course of solid precipitation. During all considered period the solid precipitation dominate as regards number of days with precipitation. The number of days with solid precipitation until the end of 80ies was greater and in the 90ies was lower than long-term average.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opady marznące i gołoledź w Hornsundzie (SW Spitsbergen)
Freezing precipitation and glaze at Hornsund (SW Spitsbergen)
Autorzy:
Soroka, J.
Benedyk, M.
Matuszko, D.
Tematy:
opady marznące
opady przechłodzone
gołoledź
Polska Stacja Polarna Hornsund
sytuacja synoptyczna
freezing precipitation
supercooled precipitation
glaze
Polish Polar Station Hornsund
synoptic situation
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260824.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Artykuł przedstawia charakterystykę opadów marznących i gołoledzi w strefie polarnej na podstawie danych z Polskiej Stacji Polarnej w Hornsundzie. Analizie poddano opady w 34 sezonach zimowych (od 1982/83 do 2015/16 roku). W okresie tym wystąpiło łącznie 197 dni z opadami powodującymi gołoledź. Zjawiska te występowały od września do czerwca, z największym nasileniem od października do maja. Zmiana liczby dni z gołoledzią w następujących po sobie sezonach zimowych była bardzo zróżnicowana (od 0 do 17 dni na sezon). W badanym okresie nie zaobserwowano istotnej tendencji zmian liczby dni z opadami marznącymi. Najczęściej opady takie występowały przy cyklonalnym typie cyrkulacji: adwekcji mas powietrza z kierunków od S do W oraz przy zatoce niżowej i centrum niżu w rejonie Spitsbergenu. Typową sytuacją sprzyjającą pojawieniu się gołoledzi było zbliżanie się niżu znad Morza Grenlandzkiego lub Morza Norweskiego z frontem ciepłym, przed którym występowała strefa opadów marznących.
The article discusses the climatological and synoptic characteristics of freezing rain and freezing drizzle causing glaze at Hornsund. Freezing precipitation and glaze are relatively rare phenomena, but they can expose human activity in the polar regions to serious risks. The study is based on data from the Polish Polar Station Hornsund. The synoptic analysis of selected cases of supercooled precipitation presented in the article was performed on the basis of surface synoptic charts, absolute topography charts at 700 and 850 hPa levels, and aerological diagrams. The type of circulation which co-occurred with each day with glaze was determined using a calendar prepared by T. Niedźwiedź. Over the course of the 34 winter seasons under investigation (between 1982/83 and 2015/16), there was a total of 197 days with supercooled precipitation. Air temperatures ranged between -8.5° and 1.2°C, and predominantly between -3° and 0°C, when freezing precipitation under investigation were observed. In a typical situation, supercooled precipitation followed a long thawless period. There were also frequent cases when several days of thaw and liquid precipitation were followed by freezing rain turning into snowfall with simultaneous air temperature drops. One feature characterising weather with glaze is the occurrence of sudden and multi-directional changes of temperature, which are almost completely determined by advection. Freezing precipitation occurs both when air temperatures drop below zero and when they rise above freezing point. Glaze can appear in Hornsund from early September until early June, with the highest likelihood observed between October and May. The change in the number of days with glaze observed in the successive winters was variable (ranging from 0 to 17 days per season). The occurrence of freezing precipitation in the area of the Polish Polar Station is nearly exclusively correlated with circulatory conditions. Most such phenomena are associated with cyclonic activity and advection of warm air from above the Norwegian Sea and the Greenland Sea. Occasionally, liquid precipitation may turn into freezing rain as a consequence of a local factor, for example the presence of cold surface air caused by sea ice in the Hornsund fjord or the influx of freezing air carried by katabatic winds from the Hans Glacier, with simultaneous southerly and westerly advection of warm air masses with rainfall. No significant trend was observed as regards multi-annual changes in the number of days with freezing rain. Such rain was observed most frequently during the winter season of 2002/03 (17 days in total), and was absent altogether during three seasons (1983/84, 1984/85 and 2015/16). There is also no noticeable correlation between the number of days with glaze and the gradual increase in average air temperatures over successive winters and years. As is demonstrated by studies of changes in the circulation over Spitsbergen conducted by T. Niedźwiedź (2013), the values of westerly and southerly circulation indexes went up in the years 1951-2012, which is evidenced by an increased frequency in the corresponding westerly and southerly advection. There is also a rising trend in the activity of cyclones in winter. The above elements seem to contribute to an increased frequency of days with glaze. However, there is no observable growth in the numbers of these phenomena.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opady atmosferyczne dorzecza Odry i ich związek z hipsometrią i zalesieniem = Die Niederschlage im Odergebiet = Atmosferičeskie osadki v bassejne Odry
Opady atmosferyczne dorzecza Odry i ich związek z hipsometrią i zalesieniem =Die Niederschlage im Odergebiet = Atmosferičeskie osadki v bassejne Odry
Prace Geograficzne / Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii ; nr 4
Autorzy:
Paszyński, Janusz
Wydawca:
Państwowe Wydaw. Naukowe
IGiPZ PAN
Powiązania:
Prace Geograficzne - Polska Akademia Nauk
Opis:
Bibliogr. p. 81-83
Tyt. i streszcz. niem., ros.
90 s., [6] k. map złoż. ; 24 cm
90 pp., [6] k. maps ; 24 cm
Sum. ger., rus.
Bibliogr. s. 81-83
Indeks
Dostawca treści:
RCIN - Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych
Książka
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