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    Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10
    Tytuł:
    Odbudowa dysfunkcyjnych państw podzielonych : o aktualności konsocjonalizmu
    State-building in dysfunctional, divided societies : topicality of consociationalism
    Autorzy:
    Zdeb, Aleksandra
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Opis:
    It is possible to indicate three mutually connected notions: dysfunctionality, armed conflicts, and deep cleavages. Leaving aside the attempt to determine causal relationship among them, we can still talk about their interdependency. The set of countries defined as dysfunctional or failed and the appearance of armed confl ict - past, but in the majority of cases present - overlaps. However, there is also a third dimension, deep divisions based on ethnicity which plays an important, if not crucial, role as a cause, eff ect and a factor defining state-building process in this kind of countries. Dysfunctional states imply thus disagreement between communities. Because of this interdependence, not only the reconstructed system, but also peace and democracy related to it, should be founded on power-sharing mechanisms. The problem is that this model, especially its consociational version - the international community's favorite remedy for building peace, democracy, and stability after armed confl icts - is widely criticized and causes a lot of problems resulting from its implementation and functioning. Solution proposed in the paper, derived from new institutionalism, suggests diff erent approach to institutions and emphasis on the role of actors' political culture. Moreover, the cohesion of mutual relations between political actors and institutions is here of crucial importance.
    Dostawca treści:
    Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Federalism. Constitutional form of the realization of the yugolsav concept
    Federalizm. Ustrojowa forma realizacji idei jugoslawizmu
    Autorzy:
    Zdeb, Aleksandra
    Opis:
    Niniejsza praca jest próbą przedstawienia federalizmu jako zjawiska wywodzącego się z jugoslawizmu, a z którym od blisko 100 lat (od powstania Królestwa Serbów, Chorwatów i Słoweńców w 1918 r. do wciąż istniejącej Bośni i Hercegowiny) konfrontowana jest jugosłowiańska rzeczywistość. Analiza porównawcza jugosłowiańskiego federalizmu dotyczy zarówno jego aspektu strukturalnego (poszczególnych rozwiązań ustrojowych), jak i procesowego (relacje między podmiotami władzy w federacji, jednak ze względu na objętość pracy jedynie pomiędzy dwoma poziomami władzy: centralnym i części składowych z pominięciem samorządu lokalnego). Tylko tak całościowe ujęcie rozważanej kwestii dostarcza narzędzi pozwalających dokonać analizy specyficznego rodzaju federalizmu, jakim był federalizm socjalistyczny w jego jugosłowiańskim wydaniu. Co więcej umożliwi to wskazanie właśnie w federalizmie przyczyn upadku kolejnych państw jugosłowiańskich. Ponadto praca obejmuje tematykę systemu politycznego Bośni i Hercegowiny, co jest o tyle uzasadnione, że państwo to nazywane „Jugosławią w miniaturze” stawia czoła podobnym rozwiązaniom ustrojowym i podobnym problemom jak niegdysiejsza Jugosławia.
    This paper is an attempt to present the phenomenon of federalism as derived from yugoslav concept, and which for nearly 100 years (since the establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918 to continue existing in Bosnia and Herzegovina) Yugoslav reality is confronted. Comparative analysis of Yugoslav federalism concerns both the structural aspect (individual constitutional solutions), and process (relationships between entities in the federation, however, due to the volume of work only between two levels of government: central and components without the local government). Only such a holistic approach to the matter provides the tools to analyze a specific kind of federalism, which was socialist federalism in the Yugoslav issue. Moreover, this will enable indication in federalism the causes of the collapse of the succesive yugoslav countries. In addition, work includes themes of the political system of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is so reasonable, that the state is called "Yugoslavia in miniature" is facing similar constitutional solutions and related problems, as was Yugoslavia.
    Dostawca treści:
    Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Inne
    Tytuł:
    Democracy : a fragile notion
    Autorzy:
    Zdeb, Aleksandra
    Sawicka, Monika
    Opis:
    The chapter conceptualizes the notion of democracy fragility and constructs the analytical framework guiding the empirical part of the project. It points out that fragility is not a phenomenon that hampers democracy but is rather an inevitable characteristic of it – democracies continually face limitations and threats that put them at risk of damage and destruction. The chapter also distinguishes fragility from vulnerability, resilience and robustness, the last two gaining increasing attention in the scientific literature in the past few years. Seeking to contribute to the understanding of democracy and its challenges by redirecting attention to its fragility, we propose a framework in which it is defined as the interplay between a top-down mezzo-level – political actors with their attitudes and perceptions of the political game, the bottom-up activity of civil society and the structural level of institutions understood as rules of the game constraining actors within the system. As a next step, we aim to identify whether and how democratic regimes cope with fragility when impacted by a variety of unfavourable conditions that affect them in differing sequences and combinations and with varying degrees of intensity.
    Dostawca treści:
    Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Artykuł
    Autorzy:
    Zdeb, Aleksandra
    Sawicka, Monika
    Gruszczak, Artur
    Opis:
    2024 was dubbed the ‘super-election’ year, as roughly half of the world’s citizens went to the polls in such states as Indonesia, South Africa, the United Kingdom, South Korea, India, the United States of America and Mexico (with our book containing chapters on the latter four countries). The anticipation of the election results was accompanied by concerns about the future of democracy in the event of victories by candidates not committed to liberal and democratic standards (see e.g. Frum, 2024; Mehta, 2024; Pepinsky, 2024; Tharoor, 2024). The preliminary results indicate that these concerns were, at least in part, well founded, yet politicians’ approaches to securing victory and holding onto power have varied. In countries as diverse as the United Kingdom, India, the USA, Georgia and North Macedonia, populist political actors have exploited a combination of political extremism, polarization and identity politics to gain power and corrupt the institutions designed to regulate them. In addition to the well-documented previous cases, namely, Poland and Hungary, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (although he is surely not the only one) appears to adhere to the conviction that “democratic power is absolute”. In Mexico, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador has circumvented the other branches of government and, in a populist fashion, begun to appeal directly to the citizens. It is telling that the return of Donald Trump to power in 2025 has prompted renewed discussions on the system of legal and civil guardrails that could potentially contain the executive branch.
    Dostawca treści:
    Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Democracy and its fragility : mapping the unstable equilibrium
    Autorzy:
    Gruszczak, Artur
    Sawicka, Monika
    Zdeb, Aleksandra
    Opis:
    This book explores democratic fragility, an underdeveloped concept in the analyses of contemporary political regimes. Diagnoses of fragility commonly occur when states are brought to the brink of the abyss. Democracy and Its Fragility: Mapping the Unstable Equilibrium builds on the premise that fragility is an inherent trait of democracy that expresses its exposure to disintegration yet does not foretell its death. Employing a novel conceptual lens that seeks to scrutinize the stability of contemporary democratic regimes across the world, the book offers a twofold contribution that provides new leverage for analysis. Theoretically, it refines the notion of fragility, making it a complementary variable to the latest research on robustness and resilience. Empirically, the volume engages with an overview of fragility indicators featured in indices mapping the quality of democracy and an assessment of their limitations. What follows are in-depth qualitative case studies zooming into the struggles for democratic regime maintenance and response to a variety of unfavourable conditions in 13 countries across Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Southern Europe and the Americas. Addressing issues that are both conceptually advanced and highly accessible, Democracy and Its Fragility: Mapping the Unstable Equilibrium will attract academics and students of democracy studies, politics and government, and comparative politics.
    Dostawca treści:
    Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Książka
    Autorzy:
    Zdeb, Aleksandra
    Sawicka, Monika
    Gruszczak, Artur
    Opis:
    Democracy remains susceptible to fragility. Despite its reputation as “the worst form of government except for all those others”, establishing and maintaining a democracy is a challenging endeavour. Once a democracy is formed, it is not destined to remain in that form indefinitely. The concept of fragility encapsulates the inherent instability of democracy, which is constantly evolving in response to a multitude of external and internal pressures. This volume explored the pertinence of the term ‘fragile’ to express the state of contemporary democratic regimes, proposed a coherent understanding of democratic fragility and looked at various manifestations of fragility across the world. Our claim is that fragility constitutes an attribute of democratic regimes and, as such, is unavoidable. Yet, what varies among different systems and fluctuates over time is the degree of fragility. The foundations and principles of democracy are increasingly under threat from those who seek to weaken them, not only for the purpose of seizing power and resources, but also in the name of the old-new catch-all term ‘security’, overused not only by dictators but also by populist democratic leaders.
    Dostawca treści:
    Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10

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