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Tytuł:
Efektywność muzyki relaksacyjnej (klasycznej i wybranej samodzielnie) w terapii behawioralnej kobiet z arachnofobią
The effectiveness of classical and self-selected relaxing music in the behavioural treatment of women with arachnophobia
Autorzy:
Blaut, Agata
Bartoń, Joanna
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest empiryczna ocena skuteczności proponowanej metody oddziaływania w terapii behawioralnej kobiet z arachnofobią. Autorki stosując metodę muzykoterapii skupiły się na porównaniu efektywności zastosowania klasycznej muzyki relaksacyjnej oraz wybranej samodzielnie przez osoby badane.
Aim. The aim of this study was to asses the effectiveness of classical and self-selected relaxing music in the exposition based treatment of arachnophobia. The authors wanted to check how listening to these two types of relaxing music before exposure to a phobia relevant stimuli (pictures of spiders) influence the arachnophobic women’s levels of anxiety. Method. 60 women with arachnophobia (mean age=24.71; SD=4.90) were randomly assigned to one of three, equally sized groups: self-selected music, classical music and the control group. Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (a verified Polish version), Behavioural Avoidance Test, Relaxation Rating Scale and Scale of Anxiety During the Behavioural Avoidance Test were used to measure effectiveness of the exposure based treatment. Results. The results indicate that listening to classical and self-selected relaxing music before exposure to phobic stimuli significantly reduces anxiety symptoms (about 50% of women in music groups showed clinically significant improvement compared with 0% in the control group). Participants in music groups also showed better results on behavioural measures (Behavioural Avoidance Test , Scale of Anxiety During the Behavioural Avoidance Test). They were able to get closer to a real spider and did it with much lower anxiety. The self-selected music appeared to be more effective according to every used measure. Conclusion. Classical and self-selected relaxing music seems to be a simple and useful addition to the exposure based treatment of arachnophobia.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The bhsdtr package : a general-purpose method of Bayesian inference for signal detection theory models
Autorzy:
Paulewicz, Borysław
Blaut, Agata
Opis:
We describe a novel method of Bayesian inference for hierarchical or non-hierarchical equal variance normal signal detection theory models with one or more criteria. The method is implemented as an open-source R package that uses the state-of-the-art Stan platform for sampling from posterior distributions. Our method can accommodate binary responses as well as additional ratings and an arbitrary number of nested or crossed random grouping factors. The SDT parameters can be regressed on additional predictors within the same model via intermediate unconstrained parameters, and the model can be extended by using automatically generated human-readable Stan code as a template. In the paper, we explain how our method improves on other similar available methods, give an overview of the package, demonstrate its use by providing a real-study data analysis walk-through, and show that the model successfully recovers known parameter values when fitted to simulated data. We also demonstrate that ignoring a hierarchical data structure may lead to severely biased estimates when fitting signal detection theory models.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cognitive effects of attentional training depend on attentional control
Autorzy:
Kłosowska, Joanna
Paulewicz, Borysław
Blaut, Agata
Opis:
Attentional bias is assumed to be partly responsible for the onset and maintenance of anxiety by major cognitive theories of emotional disorders. Although much is already known about the therapeutic effects of attentional bias training, only a few studies have examined the mechanism responsible for these effects. In order to test if low-level, cognitive effects of attentional bias training depend on attentional control, 73 participants, who completed the STAI-x2 and the ACS questionnaires, were randomly assigned to a control (n = 37) or attentional training group (n = 36). The attentional manipulation was followed by a search task, during which novel neutral or negative faces could be presented within an array of all-neutral, all-negative or all-positive faces. It was found that individuals with higher ACS score displayed stronger attentional training effects, i.e., they were less accurate in detecting distinctive negative faces, and this effect was not found to be associated with STAI-x2 score. These results show that there is individual variability even in immediate, cognitive effects of attentional bias modification and that special abilities, such as attentional control, might be required for attentional training to be efficient.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Trening tendencyjności uwagi w redukcji objawów lękowych
Attentional bias training in reducing symptoms of anxiety
Autorzy:
Kłosowska, Joanna
Paulewicz, Borysław
Blaut, Agata
Opis:
Anxiety is related to attentional bias, i.e. a tendency to pay attention to threatening stimuli. This occurs both in individuals suffering from anxiety disorders, and in healthy individuals with elevated levels of trait anxiety. This article is an analysis of a research paradigm, used to modify attentional bias (CBM-A Cognitive Bias Modification - Attention). A growing number of studies indicate that with the help of computer methods such as a modified version of the dot-probe task we can train individuals to direct attention away from threatening stimuli, which in turn reduces symptoms of anxiety. This effect was observed in adults, adolescents and children suffering from social phobia, generalised anxiety disorder and subclinical symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Effectiveness of this method constitutes the evidence for attentional bias being among the causes of anxiety disorders. The article also analyses the still not completely clear mechanisms of CBM-A and limitations of this method.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Memory bias training by means of the emotional short-term memory task
Autorzy:
Gronostaj, Aleksandra
Paulewicz, Borysław
Blaut, Agata
Opis:
According to major cognitive theories of emotional disorders cognitive biases are partly responsible for their onset and maintenance. The direct test of this assumption is possible only if experimental method capable of altering a given form of cognitive bias is available. The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of a novel implicit memory bias training procedure based on the emotional version of the classical Sternberg’s short-term memory task with negative, neutral and positive words. 108 participants, who completed the PANAS and the CES-D questionnaires, were randomly assigned to the control group (n = 33), the No-Negative group (n = 36), in which the target words in the Sternberg’s task were either positive or neutral but never negative or the Negative-New group (n = 39) in which the negative target words in the modified Sternberg’s task were always new. This training was followed by the recollection stage. Only one of the training protocols resulted in significant effects at the recall stage - individuals in the No-Negative group recalled more positive words and fewer negative words than those in the control group. These results show that it may be possible to experimentally induce memory bias characteristic of non-depressed individuals.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Memory bias training by means of the emotional short-term memory task
Autorzy:
Paulewicz, Borysław
Blaut, Agata
Gronostaj, Aleksandra
Tematy:
memory bias
mood congruent memory
depression
cognitive bias modification
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430368.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
According to major cognitive theories of emotional disorders cognitive biases are partly responsible for their onset and maintenance. The direct test of this assumption is possible only if experimental method capable of altering a given form of cognitive bias is available. The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of a novel implicit memory bias training procedure based on the emotional version of the classical Sternberg’s short-term memory task with negative, neutral and positive words. 108 participants, who completed the PANAS and the CES-D questionnaires, were randomly assigned to the control group (n = 33), the No-Negative group (n = 36), in which the target words in the Sternberg’s task were either positive or neutral but never negative or the Negative-New group (n = 39) in which the negative target words in the modified Sternberg’s task were always new. This training was followed by the recollection stage. Only one of the training protocols resulted in significant effects at the recall stage - individuals in the No-Negative group recalled more positive words and fewer negative words than those in the control group. These results show that it may be possible to experimentally induce memory bias characteristic of non-depressed individuals.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 26

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