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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Gender differences in bullying reflect societal gender inequality : a multilevel study with adolescents in 46 countries
    Autorzy:
    Bilz, Ludwig
    Bjereld, Ylva
    Malinowska-Cieślik, Marta
    Richardson, Clive
    Augustine, Lilly
    Craig, Wendy
    Walsh, Sophie D.
    Cosma, Alina
    Molcho, Michal
    Elgar, Frank J.
    Opis:
    Purpose: Social patterns in bullying show consistent gender differences in adolescent perpetration and victimization with large cross-national variations. Previous research shows associations between societal gender inequality and gender differences in some violent behaviors in adolescents. Therefore, there is a need to go beyond individual associations and use a more social ecological perspective when examining gender differences in bullying behaviors. The aim of the present study was twofold: (1) to explore cross-national gender differences in bullying behaviors and (2) to examine whether national-level gender inequality relates to gender differences in adolescent bullying behaviors. Methods: Traditional bullying and cyberbullying were measured in 11-year-olds to 15-year-olds in the 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (n = 200,423). We linked individual data to national gender inequality (Gender Inequality Index, 2018) in 46 countries and tested their association using mixed-effects (multilevel) logistic regression models. Results: Large cross-national variations were observed in gender differences in bullying. Boys had higher odds of perpetrating both traditional and cyberbullying and victimization by traditional bullying than girls. Greater gender inequality at country level was associated with heightened gender differences in traditional bullying. In contrast, lower gender inequality was associated with larger gender differences for cyber victimization. Discussion: Societal gender inequality relates to adolescents' involvement in bullying and gendered patterns in bullying. Public health policy should target societal factors that have an impact on young people's behavior.
    Dostawca treści:
    Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Clusters of contemporary risk and their relationship to mental well-being among 15-year-old adolescents across 37 countries
    Autorzy:
    Boniel-Nissim, Meyran
    Ng, Kwok
    Pickett, William
    Craig, Wendy
    Walsh, Sophie D.
    Vieno, Alessio
    Cosma, Alina
    De Looze, Margaretha
    Harel-Fisch, Yossi
    Malinowska-Cieślik, Marta
    Sela, Tal
    Molcho, Michal
    Opis:
    Purpose: Adolescents' mental well-being has become a growing public health concern. Adolescents' daily lives and their engagement in risks have changed dramatically in the course of the 21st Results: Seven clusters of risk were identified: substance use and early sex, low social support, insufficient nutrition, bullying, sugary foods and drinks, physical health risk, and problematic social media use (SMU). Low social support and SMU were the strongest predictors of low life satisfaction (odds ratios ¼ 2.167 and 1.330, respectively) and psychosomatic complaints (odds ratio ¼ 1.687 and 1.386, respectively). Few gender differences in predictors were found. Exposure to bullying was somewhat more associated with psychosomatic complaints for girls, whereas physical health risk was associated with reduced relative odds of low life satisfaction among boys. Split-sample validation and out-of-sample prediction confirmed the robustness of the results. Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of contemporary clusters of risk, such as low social support and SMU in the mental well-being of young people and the need to focus on these as targets for prevention. We propose that future studies should use composite risk measures that take into account both risk behaviors and risk factors to explain adolescents' mental well-being. century, leading to a need to update traditional models of risk to include new exposures and behaviors. To date, studies have examined the relationship between (mainly traditional) risk behaviors and adolescent mental well-being or looked at risk factors that jeopardize mental wellbeing such as lack of social support but have not combined them together to highlight the most significant risks for adolescent mental well-being today. The present study included new and traditional risk behaviors and risk factors, robustly derived an empirically based model of clusters of risk, and examined the relative association of these clusters to adolescent mental well-being. Methods: Data from the 2017e2018 Health Behaviours in School-aged Children study were used. The sample included 32,884 adolescents (51.7% girls) aged 15 years from 37 countries and regions. The principal component analysis was used to determine the existence of clusters of risk, using 21 items related to adolescent mental well-being that included both risk behaviors (e.g., substance use) and risk factors (e.g., peer support). Analysis was conducted in both a randomly split training and test set and in gender separate models. Mixed-effects logistic regressions examined the association between clusters of risk and mental well-being indices (low life satisfaction and psychosomatic complaints).
    Dostawca treści:
    Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Social media use and cyber-bullying : a cross-national analysis of young people in 42 countries
    Autorzy:
    Malinowska-Cieślik, Marta
    Van den Eijnden, Regina
    Craig, Wendy
    Molcho, Michal
    Donnelly, Peter D.
    Cosma, Alina
    King, Nathan
    Walsh, Sophie D.
    Harel-Fisch, Yossi
    Gaspar de Matos, Margarida
    Boer, Maartje
    Bjereld, Ylva
    Boniel-Nissim, Meyran
    Vieno, Alessio
    Elgar, Frank J.
    Pickett, William
    Opis:
    Purpose: Social media use (SMU) has become an intrinsic part of adolescent life. Negative consequences of SMU for adolescent health could include exposures to online forms of aggression. We explored age, gender, and cross-national differences in adolescents' engagement in SMU, then relationships between SMU and victimization and the perpetration of cyber-bullying. Methods: We used data on young people aged 11e15 years (weighted n ¼ 180,919 in 42 countries) who participated in the 2017e2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study to describe engagement in the three types of SMU (intense, problematic, and talking with strangers online) by age and gender and then in the perpetration and victimization of cyber-bullying. Relationships between SMU and cyber-bullying outcomes were estimated using Poisson regression (weighted n ¼ 166,647 from 42 countries). Results: Variations in SMU and cyber-bullying follow developmental and gender-based patterns across countries. In pooled analyses, engagement in SMU related to cyber-bullying victimization (adjusted relative risks ¼ 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10e1.19] to 1.48 [95% CI: 1.42e1.55]) and perpetration (adjusted relative risk ¼ 1.31 [95% CI: 1.26e1.36] to 1.84 [95% CI: 1.74e1.95]). These associations were stronger for cyber-perpetration versus cyber-victimization and for girls versus boys. Problematic SMU was most strongly and consistently associated with cyber-bullying, both for victimization and perpetration. Stratified analyses showed that SMU related to cybervictimization in 19%e45% of countries and to cyber-perpetration in 38%e86% of countries. Conclusions: Accessibility to social media and its pervasive use has led to new opportunities for online aggression. The time adolescents spend on social media, engage in problematic use, and talk to strangers online each relate to cyber-bullying and merit public health intervention. Problematic use of social media poses the strongest and most consistent risk.
    Dostawca treści:
    Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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