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Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 36
Tytuł:
Neural networks related to pro-saccades and anti-saccades revealed by independent component analysis
Autorzy:
Domagalik-Pittner, Aleksandra
Beldzik, Ewa
Fąfrowicz, Magdalena
Marek, Tadeusz
Opis:
The saccadic eye movement system provides an excellent model for investigating basic cognitive processes and flexible control over behaviour. While the mechanism of pro-saccades (PS) is well known, in the case of the anti-saccade task (AS) it is still not clear which brain regions play a role in the inhibition of reflexive saccade to the target, nor what is the exact mechanism of vector inversion (i.e. orienting in the opposite direction). Independent component analysis (ICA) is one of the methods being used to establish temporally coherent brain regions, i.e. neural networks related to the task. In the present study ICA was applied to fMRI data from PS and AS experiments. The study revealed separate networks responsible for saccade generation into the desired direction, the inhibition of automatic responses, as well as vector inversion. The first function is accomplished by the eye fields network. The inhibition of automatic responses is associated with the executive control network. Vector inversion seems to be accomplished by the network comprising a large set of areas, including intraparietal sulcus, precuneus/posterior cingulate cortices, retrosplenial and parahippocampal. Those regions are associated with the parieto-medial temporal pathway, so far linked only to navigation. These results provide a new insight into understanding of the processes of the inhibition and vector inversion.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Linking visual gamma to task‐related brain networks : a simultaneous EEG‐fMRI study
Autorzy:
Beldzik, Ewa
Domagalik-Pittner, Aleksandra
Marek, Tadeusz
Bereś, Anna
Opis:
There is a growing interest in human gamma-band oscillatory activity due to its direct link to neuronal populations, its associations with many cognitive processes, and its positive relationship with fMRI BOLD signal. Visual gamma has been successfully detected using concurrent EEG-fMRI recordings and linked to activity in the visual cortex using voxel-wise regression analysis. As gamma-band oscillations reflect predominantly feedforward projections between brain regions, its inclusion in functional connectivity analysis is highly recommended; however, very few studies have investigated this line of research. In the current study, we aimed to explore this gap by asking which fMRI brain network is related to gamma activity induced by the color discrimination task. Advanced denoising strategies and multitaper spectral decomposition were applied to EEG data to detect gamma oscillations, and group independent component analysis was performed on fMRI data to identify task-related neural networks. Despite using only trials without motor response (50% of the trials), the two neural measures were successfully coupled. One of the six task-related networks, the occipito-parietal network, exhibited significant trial-by-trial covariations with gamma oscillations. In addition to the expected extrastriate visual cortex, the network encompasses extensive brain activations in the precuneus, bilateral intraparietal, and anterior insular cortices. We argue that the visual cortex is the source of gamma, whereas the remaining brain regions exhibit feedforward and feedback connections related to this oscillatory activity. Our findings provide evidence for the electrophysiological basis of the connectivity revealed by BOLD signal and impart novel insights into the neural mechanism of color discrimination.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effects of scene properties and emotional valence on brain activations : a fixation-related fMRI study
Autorzy:
Kuniecki, Michał
Wołoszyn-Hohol, Kinga
Pilarczyk, Joanna
Domagalik-Pittner, Aleksandra
Opis:
Temporal and spatial characteristics of fixations are affected by image properties, including high-level scene characteristics, such as object-background composition, and low-level physical characteristics, such as image clarity. The influence of these factors is modulated by the emotional content of an image. Here, we aimed to establish whether brain correlates of fixations reflect these modulatory effects. To this end, we simultaneously scanned participants and measured their eye movements, while presenting negative and neutral images in various image clarity conditions, with controlled object-background composition. The fMRI data were analyzed using a novel fixation-based event-related (FIBER) method, which allows the tracking of brain activity linked to individual fixations. The results revealed that fixating an emotional object was linked to greater deactivation in the right lingual gyrus than fixating the background of an emotional image, while no difference between object and background was found for neutral images. We suggest that deactivation in the lingual gyrus might be linked to inhibition of saccade execution. This was supported by fixation duration results, which showed that in the negative condition, fixations falling on the object were longer than those falling on the background. Furthermore, increase in the image clarity was correlated with fixation-related activity within the lateral occipital complex, the structure linked to object recognition. This correlation was significantly stronger for negative images, presumably due to greater deployment of attention towards emotional objects. Our eye-tracking results are in line with these observations, showing that the chance of fixating an object rose faster for negative images over neutral ones as the level of noise decreased. Overall, our study demonstrated that emotional value of an image changes the way that low and high-level scene properties affect the characteristics of fixations. The fixation-related brain activity is affected by the low-level scene properties and this impact differs between negative and neutral images. The high-level scene properties also affect brain correlates of fixations, but only in the case of the negative images.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Disentangling brain activity related to the processing of emotional visual information and emotional arousal
Autorzy:
Pilarczyk, Joanna
Domagalik-Pittner, Aleksandra
Wołoszyn-Hohol, Kinga
Kuniecki, Michał
Opis:
Processing of emotional visual information engages cognitive functions and induces arousal. We aimed to examine the modulatory role of emotional valence on brain activations linked to the processing of visual information and those linked to arousal. Participants were scanned and their pupil size was measured while viewing negative and neutral images. The visual noise was added to the images in various proportions to parametrically manipulate the amount of visual information. Pupil size was used as an index of physiological arousal. We show that arousal induced by the negative images, as compared to the neutral ones, is primarily related to greater amygdala activity while increasing visibility of negative content to enhanced activity in the lateral occipital complex (LOC). We argue that more intense visual processing of negative scenes can occur irrespective of the level of arousal. It may suggest that higher areas of the visual stream are fine-tuned to process emotionally relevant objects. Both arousal and processing of emotional visual information modulated activity within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Overlapping activations within the vmPFC may reflect the integration of these aspects of emotional processing. Additionally, we show that emotionally-evoked pupil dilations are related to activations in the amygdala, vmPFC, and LOC.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Brain networks involved in place recognition based on personal and spatial semantics
Autorzy:
Marek, Tadeusz
Domagalik-Pittner, Aleksandra
Beldzik, Ewa
Fąfrowicz, Magdalena
Kontrymowicz-Ogińska, Halszka
Opis:
Have you ever been to Krakow? If so, then you may recognize the Wawel Royal Castle from a picture due to your personal semantic memory, which stores all autobiographically significant concepts and repeated events of your past. If not, then you might still recognize the Wawel Royal Castle and be able to locate it on a map due to your spatial semantic memory. When recognizing a familiar landmark, how does neural activity depend on your memory related to that place? To address this question, we combined a novel task - the Krakow paradigm - with fMRI. In this task, participants are presented with a set of pictures showing various Krakow landmarks, each followed by two questions - one about its location, and the other about seeing the place in real-life, to trigger spatial and/or personal semantic memory, respectively. Group independent component analysis of fMRI data revealed several brain networks sensitive to the task conditions. Most sensitive was the medial temporal lobe network comprising bilateral hippocampus, parahippocampal, retrosplenial, and angular gyri, as well as distinct frontal areas. In agreement with the contextual continuum perspective, this network exhibited robust stimulus-related activity when the two memory types were combined, medium for spatial memory, and the weakest for baseline condition. The medial prefrontal network showed the same, pronounced deactivation for spatial memory and baseline conditions, yet far less deactivation for places seen in real-life. This effect was interpreted as self-referential processes counterbalancing the suppression of the brain’s ‘default mode.’ In contrast, the motor, frontoparietal, and cingulo-opercular networks exhibited the strongest response-related activity for the spatial condition. These findings indicate that recognizing places based solely on general semantic knowledge requires more evidence accumulation, additional verbal semantics, and greater top-down control. Thus, the study imparts a novel insight into the neural mechanisms of place recognition. The Krakow paradigm has the potential to become a useful tool in future longitudinal or clinical studies.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamics of error-related activity in deterministic learning : an EEG and fMRI study
Autorzy:
Gawłowska, Magda
Marek, Tadeusz
Domagalik-Pittner, Aleksandra
Mojsa-Kaja, Justyna
Beldzik, Ewa
Opis:
There is a close relationship between progress in learning and the error-monitoring system. EEG and fMRI studies using probabilistic learning have revealed the distinct dynamics of this system after response and feedback, i.e. an increase of error-related and a decrease of feedback-related activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Based on the existing theories, it can be presumed that during deterministic learning feedback-related activity in ACC would also increase. Since these assumptions have not yet been confirmed, it can be only speculated based on the data from the probabilistic paradigms how the information is being integrated within the ACC during deterministic learning. Here we implemented the Paired Associate Deterministic Learning task to the EEG and fMRI experiments. The analysis of EEG data showed a significant increase in the amplitude for both ERN and FN. Similarly, the fMRI results showed an increase in response-related and feedback-related activity of the ACC in erroneous trials. Our findings are in line with the current theories of ACC function: increasing ACC activity can be linked to the detected discrepancy between expected and obtained outcomes. We argue that expectancy violations in the course of deterministic learning are signalled by both, internal and external evaluation system.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 36

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