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Tytuł:
Sowieckie państwo wyznaniowe
The Soviet Religious State
Autorzy:
Dzwonkowski, Roman
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1860760.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
The author analyzes two issues: Soviet ideology and legislature concerning religion. The liquidation of religious beliefs was deemed a sine qua non condition to build communism, thus the spreading of atheism became in the USSR one of the most important tasks of the state. The Soviet legislature concerning religion, introduced on January 1, 1923, dissolved all the existent parishes of all denominations and nationalized any property of the Orthodox/Roman Church. For a new religious commune to exist it was necessary to register it with appropriate authorities. The founding group numbered twenty people. The registered commune had no legal body and could not own any property. The above legislature prohibited religious instruction to teenagers under 18. In fact the Soviet constitution guaranteed denominational neutrality of the state but it was total fiction from the beginning. Thus atheism became the official ideology of the state spread by any means, being at its disposal. This ideology became a pseudoreligion. It had its concrete forms of practicing. Evading it was very severely punished.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Język a świadomość narodowa na przykładzie polskich mniejszości narodowych w krajach bałtyckich, na Białorusi i na Ukrainie
Language and National Consciousness on the Example of the Polish National Minorities in the Baltic Countries, in Byelorussia and the Ukraine
Autorzy:
Dzwonkowski, Roman
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1861525.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Language is generally considered to be the factor that decides the question of national consciousness. However, this conviction is wrong. The Polish national minorities in the Baltic countries, Byelorussia and the Ukraine are an interesting example here. They have lost, sometimes in an overwhelming majority, the knowledge of the Polish language, but they have maintained the Polish consciousness. According to the census conducted in the USSR in 1989, in Latvia 27.3% of those who declared that they were of Polish nationality indicated Polish as their mother tongue, 54.1% indicated Russian, and 14.7% - Lettish. In Lithuania the proportions were: Polish - 85.0%; Lithuanian - 5.0%; and Russian - 9.2%. In Byelorussia only 13,3% Poles indicated Polish, 63.8% - White Russian (dialect), and 22.5% - Russian. In the Ukraine the proportions were: Polish - only 12.5%; Ukrainian - 66.6%; and Russian - 20.2%. As far as Latvia, Byelorussia and the Ukraine are concerned, the loss of the Polish language by the Polish population resulted from the policy of assimilation conducted by the Soviet authorities as well as from lack of any Polish institutions that could support its knowledge. As the above examples show, knowledge of the Polish language was not the most important factor in national self-identification for Poles in the USSR. It was the Roman-Catholic denomination and the religious life based on this very language that were decisive. Since the population considered here is one that is living on the ethnic-cultural borderland, the role of religion as the basic indicator of ethnic identification was in this case much bigger than in any other region. National consciousness is not unconditionally tied to the knowledge of the language of one's nationality.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mniejszości narodowe w Kościele katolickim. Białoruś i Ukraina
National minorities in the Catholic Church. Byelorussia and Ukraine
Autorzy:
Dzwonkowski, Roman
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1963012.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
The Church’s teaching and legislation concerning the pastorate of ethnic groups and national minorities was already established in ancient times. Recently, because of millions of people migrating from almost all the countries of the world and in connection with ever stronger aspirations of national minorities to maintain their identity, it has become especially abundant. Pope John Paul II’s teaching has an important place here. In the Catholic Church in Byelorussia and Ukraine Polish national minorities constitute an overwhelming majority of the congregation. Until the late 1980s Catholics of Byelorussian and Ukrainian origin did not reveal their denomination. Introducing Polish, and soon afterwards also Byelorussian, Ukrainian, and sometimes Russian into the liturgy to replace Latin, was a historical breakthrough. It also initiated a change in the stereotype identifying the Catholic Church of the Western rite with Poland and Poles, and its de-Polonization in the liturgy in the mentioned countries. As far as the culture and the language is concerned the Polish character of this Church resulted from the fact that a great majority of its congregation was of Polish nationality. Introducing new languages showed its supranational character, but it also involved imposing a limit, or in some areas partial or complete elimination of the Polish language from the liturgy. The Polish identity without the support of the Polish language in religion and in the Church loses its most profound basis, stops being an emotional value and may be treated instrumentally. The present situation connected with the use of various languages in the East is different in various places. It depends on the geographical situation of the parish, on the national option of the priest, on understanding and respect given to the spiritual needs of the congregation and on the number of Poles in the community. Despite accepting and ratifying international treaties that safeguard the rights of national minorities, state authorities very often in one way or another try to assimilate them, using a lot of different ways to this aim.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Religijna i społeczna rola Polskiej Misji Katolickiej w okresie międzywojennym i w latach II wojny światowej
Religious and Social Role of the Polish Catholic Mission in the Interwar Period and During the II World War
Autorzy:
Dzwonkowski, Roman
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1971203.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
This article covers only the period from 1922 to 1945 whereas the Mission's activity dates back to 1836 and is still going on in France. This period is important since at that time the statute law of the Polish Mission was established (it became the Polish Primate's delegation). At that time a structure of Polish pastoral care was set up and it is at work up to this day. The Mission played a leading role then among Polish emigrants in France. In comparison to the emigrant pastoral care of other ethnic groups, the Polish religious care was regarded as the best organized. With the cooperation of the Polish and French Episcopates and managers of coalmines and factories, where the Polish emigrants worked, the four subsequent rectors of the Mission organized 47 localities of the permanent Polish pastoral care. For those emigrants who worked in agriculture there was organized an itinerant pastoral care reaching 800-900 localities in a year. The Polish Catholic Mission served as the ideological centre, as it were, for Polish religious organizations. Compared to other foreign ethnic groups, the Poles had the greatest number of such organizations. They numbered over 30.000 members. The Polish pastoral care which was run by the Mission played an important and positive role in the interwar period in helping the emigrants to adjust to life in France. It protected them from the effects of having been uprooted. The Polish pastoral care, though it tended to preserve its own national, linguistic and cultural individuality, played at the same time an important role in the interaction with the French society. Some factors which considerably restricted the Polish Catholic Mission's activity in France were the shortage of Polish priests and of a solid material base for the itinerant pastoral care.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tożsamość etniczno-kulturowa Polonii w nauczaniu Jana Pawła II
The Ethno-Cultural Identity of Polonia in the Teaching of John Paul II
Autorzy:
Dzwonkowski, Roman
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1971222.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
John Paul II's speeches made to emigrants from Poland and their subsequent generations (so-called Polonia) are the subject of this article. They were delivered in 1979-1985 in seventeen countries and in Rome. The analysis of over twenty speeches proves that the basic problem undertaken by the Pope is the ethnic identity of Polish emigration and Polonia. However, John Paul II does not use this terminology. Instead, he uses: "one's own identity", "internal identity" and the like. The article deals with the following matters: ethnic identity of Polonia as a moral problem, ideological programme for Polonia expressed in those speeches and their practical issues. The Pope regards the deep tie between Polish culture and Christianity as being the essential element of Polish national identity (and also of emigration and Polonia). In his speeches he points to the that this tie played an important role in the history of the country and emigration and it is the "basic key" to the understanding of its history. As the most important part of all those speeches, one may regard the reasons given by the author, which justify the motivations of preserving one's own spiritual identity by the emigration and Polonia. They have a moral and personalistic character. Preservation of the native culture, endowed with Christian religious values is, according to the Pope, not only the condition of spiritual becoming oneself, but also preserving the richness of one's manhood in the situation of extirpation and secularization. There is also a clear programme of fostering the identity of Polonia. It has an open and dynamic character. It is not concerned exclusively with the preservation of one's own heritage, but rather its deepening, developing and enriching with new values which are passed over to new generations. This process is possible by way of integration, that is to say, an active and creative participation in the life of the new society. It has to be done preserving a tie with the cultural values of the country of origin. The Pope regards identity understood in this way as a necessity and emigration as the cultural-creative process. So the identity of Polonia is a dynamic reality and a continous synthesis of the native cultural values and those of the country of settlement. John Paul II as the pastor not only points to the motives of one's own preservation of the cultural heritage of the emigrants but also suggests (mainly indirectly) certain forms of action aimed at the preservation and formation of one's own ethnic identity. Family upbringing has, according to the Pope, an extremely important role.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 65

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