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Tytuł:
Model based decision support system of operating settings for MMAT nozzles
Autorzy:
Fritz, B.K.
Czaczyk, Z.
Hoffmann, W.C.
Tematy:
droplet size
classification
determination
spraying
modelling
sprayer operating setting
decision support system
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/65707.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Droplet size, which is affected by nozzle type, nozzle setups and operation, and spray solution, is one of the most critical factors influencing spray performance, environment pollution, food safety, and must be considered as part of any application scenario. Characterizing spray nozzles can be a timely and expensive proposition if the entire operational space (all combinations of spray pressure and orifice size, what influence flow rate) is to be evaluated. This research proposes a structured, experimental design that allows for the development of computational models for droplet size based on any combination of a nozzle’s potential operational settings. The developed droplet size determination model can be used as Decision Support System (DSS) for precise selection of sprayer working parameters to adapt to local field scenarios. Five nozzle types (designs) were evaluated across their complete range of orifice size (flow rate*) and spray pressures using a response surface experimental design. Several of the models showed high level fits of the modeled to the measured data while several did not as a result of the lack of significant effect from either orifice size (flow rate*) or spray pressure. The computational models were integrated into a spreadsheet based user interface for ease of use. The proposed experimental design provides for efficient nozzle evaluations and development of computational models that allow for the determination of droplet size spectrum and spraying classification for any combination of a given nozzle’s operating settings. The proposed DSS will allow for the ready assessment and modification of a sprayers performance based on the operational settings, to ensure the application is made following recommendations in plant protection products (PPP) labels.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Measurement and classification methods using the ASAE S572.1 reference nozzles
Autorzy:
Fritz, B.K.
Hoffmann, W.C.
Czaczyk, Z.
Bagley, W,
Kruger, G.
Henry, R.
Tematy:
measurement method
classification method
droplet size
laser diffraction
reference nozzle
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/66858.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
An increasing number of spray nozzle and agrochemical manufacturers are incorporating droplet size measurements into both research and development. Each laboratory invariably has their own sampling setup and procedures. This is particularly true about measurement distance from the nozzle and concurrent airflow velocities. Both have been shown to significantly impact results from laser diffraction instruments. These differences can be overcome through the use of standardized reference nozzles and relative spray classification categories. Sets of references nozzles, which defined a set of classification category thresholds, were evaluated for droplet size under three concurrent air flow velocities (0.7, 3.1 and 6.7 m/s). There were significant, though numerically small, differences in the droplet size data between identical reference nozzles. The resulting droplet size data were used to categorize a number of additional spray nozzles at multiple pressure and air flow velocities. This was done to determine if similar classifications were given across the different airspeeds. Generally, droplet size classifications agreed for all airspeeds, with the few that did not, only differing by one category. When reporting droplet size data, it is critical that data generated from a set of reference nozzles also be presented as a means of providing a relative frame of reference.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The biological effect of cage design corrected for reductions in spray penetration
Autorzy:
Fritz, B.K.
Hoffmann, W.C.
Bonds, J.A.S.
Haas, K.
Czaczyk, Z.
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/65270.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
In-field measures of physical spray concentration do not tend to correlate well with caged insect mortality data. This is partly due to the reduced penetration of the spray into the cage. Spray penetration is hindered by the structure of the cage. Wind tunnel studies were conducted to investigate the accuracy of those calculations developed to correct for filtration levels in caged mosquito bioassays. Zenivex E20 (Etofenprox) was applied at rates ranging from an LD10 to an LD90. Three cage types were used, each with different penetration levels. The dose approaching the cage was converted to the dose entering the cage using cage penetration data from previous research. The penetration conversion factor returned a data set that directly correlated dose with mosquito mortality (R2 = = 0.918). The mortality percent was a function of the dose within the cage. The mesh type acted as a regulator. Although the conversion factor was effective, the differences between cages was not always significant due to within-group variation.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of Aerial Spray Technologies for Adult Mosquito Control Applications
Autorzy:
Hoffmann, W.C.
Fritz, B.K.
Farooq, M.
Walker, T.W.
Czaczyk, Z.
Hornsby, J.
Bonds, J.A.S.
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/65542.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Spray droplet size has long been recognized as an important variable that applicators of vector control sprays must be aware of to make the most effective spray applications. Researchers and applicators have several different techniques available to assess spray droplet size from spray nozzles. The objective of this study was to compare the droplet size spectrum produced by three nozzles commonly used in vector control in a high-speed wind tunnel, when characterized using three different laser-based droplet size measurement systems. Three droplet sizing systems: Malvern Spraytec laser diffraction, Sympatec HELOS laser diffraction, and TSI Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA), were simultaneously operated, but under different operating conditions, to measure the spray droplet size-spectra for three spray nozzles. The three atomizers: a TeeJet® 8001E even flat fan nozzle, a BETE® PJ high pressure fog nozzles, and a Micronair ® AU5000 rotary atomizer were evaluated in a high speed wind tunnel at airspeeds of 53 and 62 m/s (120 and 140 mph). Based on the results of this work, only the BETE® PJ high pressure fog nozzles met the label requirements for both Fyfanon® and Anvil®. While the other nozzle might met the Dv0.5 (VMD - volume median diameter) requirement for Fyfanon®, the resulting Dv0.9 values exceeded labeled size restrictions. When applying Anvil with the BETE PJ high pressure fog nozzles, it is important to use the smaller two orifice sizes. The larger sizes tended to result in Dv0.9 values that exceeded label recommendations.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS) : never mind the gaps: comparing techniques to restore homogeneous sky coverage
Autorzy:
Tasca, L. A. M.
Coupon, J.
Di Porto, C.
Bolzonella, M.
Davidzon, I.
Iovino, A.
Adami, C.
Fumana, M.
de la Torre, S.
Cucciati, O.
Peacock, J. A.
Zamorani, G.
Marulli, F.
Branchini, E.
Guzzo, L.
Moscardini, L.
Krywult, J.
Małek, K.
Vergani, D.
Zanichelli, A.
Paioro, L.
Pollo, Agnieszka
Cappi, A.
Scodeggio, M.
Garilli, B.
Polletta, M.
Fritz, A.
Franzetti, P.
Bel, J.
Bottini, D.
Granett, B. R.
Opis:
Aims. Non-uniform sampling and gaps in sky coverage are common in galaxy redshift surveys, but these effects can degrade galaxy counts-in-cells measurements and density estimates. We carry out a comparative study of methods that aim to fill the gaps to correct for the systematic effects. Our study is motivated by the analysis of the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS), a flux-limited survey at i_{AB} < 22.5 consisting of single-pass observations with the VLT Visible Multi-Object Spectrograph (VIMOS) with gaps representing 25% of the surveyed area and an averagesampling rate of 35%. However, our findings are generally applicable to other redshift surveys with similar observing strategies. Methods. We applied two algorithms that use photometric redshift information and assign redshifts to galaxies based upon the spectroscopic redshifts of the nearest neighbours. We compared these methods with two Bayesian methods, the Wiener filter and the Poisson-Lognormal filter. Using galaxy mock catalogues we quantified the accuracy and precision of the counts-in-cells measurements on scales of R = 5 h^{-1} Mpc and 8 h^{-1} Mpc after applying each of these methods. We further investigated how these methods perform to account for other sources of uncertainty typical of spectroscopic surveys, such as the spectroscopic redshift error and the sparse, inhomogeneous sampling rate. We analysed each of these sources separately, then all together in a mock catalogue that mimicks the full observational strategy of a VIPERS-like survey. Results. In a survey such as VIPERS, the errors in counts-in-cells measurements on R < 10 h^{-1} Mpc scales are dominated by the sparseness of the sample due to the single-pass observing strategy. All methods under-predict the counts in high-density regions by 20–35%, depending on the cell size, method, and underlying overdensity. This systematic bias is similar to random errors. No method outperforms the others: differences are not large, and methods with the smallest random errors can be more affected by systematic errors than others. Random and systematic errors decrease with the increasing size of the cell. All methods can effectively separate under-dense from over-dense regions by considering cells in the 1st and 5th quintiles of the probability distribution of the observed counts. Conclusions. We show that despite systematic uncertainties, it is possible to reconstruct the lowest and highest density environments on scales of 5 h^{-1} Mpc at moderate redshifts 0.5 ≲ z ≲ 1.1, over a large volume such as the one covered by the VIPERS survey. This is vital for characterising cosmic variance and rare populations (e.g, brightest galaxies) in environmental studies at these redshifts.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 45

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