Autor: Gabriel, Rafael - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Reduction in the risk of peripheral neuropathy and lower decrease in kidney function with metformin, linagliptin or their fixed-dose combination compared to placebo in prediabetes : a randomized controlled trial
Autorzy:: Kamenov, Zdravko
Djordjevic, Predrag
Alkandari, Abdullah
Más-Fontao, Sebastián
Pastor, José Carlos
Calvet, Jean Henri
Acosta, Tania
Makrilakis, Konstantinos
Lalic, Nebojsa
Paulweber, Bernhard
Satman, Ilhan
Tuomilehto, Jaakko
Lindstrom, Jaana
Mitrakou, Asimina
Lind, Marcus
Gabriel, Rafael
Gómez-Huelgas, Ricardo
Egido, Jesus
Silva, Luis
Boukichou-Abdelkader, Nisa
Gilis-Januszewska, Aleksandra
Opis:: Objective: To compare the effect of glucose-lowering drugs on peripheral nerve and kidney function in prediabetes. Methods: Multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 658 adults with prediabetes treated for 1 year with metformin, linagliptin, their combination or placebo. Endpoints are small fiber peripheral neuropathy (SFPN) risk estimated by foot electrochemical skin conductance (FESC < 70 μSiemens) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results: Compared to the placebo, the proportion of SFPN was reduced by 25.1% (95% CI:16.3–33.9) with metformin alone, by 17.3% (95% CI 7.4–27.2) with linagliptin alone, and by 19.5% (95% CI 10.1–29.0) with the combination linagliptin/metformin (p < 0.0001 for all comparisons). eGFR remained +3.3 mL/min (95% CI: 0.38–6.22) higher with the combination linagliptin/metformin than with the placebo (p = 0.03). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) decreased more with metformin monotherapy −0.3 mmol/L (95%CI: −0.48; 0.12, p = 0.0009) and with the combination metformin/linagliptin −0.2 mmol/L (95% CI: −0.37; −0.03) than with the placebo (p = 0.0219). Body weight (BW) decreased by −2.0 kg (95% CI: −5.65; −1.65, p = 0.0006) with metformin monotherapy, and by −1.9 kg (95% CI: −3.02; −0.97) with the combination metformin/linagliptin as compared to the placebo (p = 0.0002). Conclusions: in people with prediabetes, a 1 year treatment with metformin and linagliptin, combined or in monotherapy, was associated with a lower risk of SFPN, and with a lower decrease in eGFR, than treatment with placebo.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Tytuł:: Contextual factors predicting compliance behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic : a machine learning analysis on survey data from 16 countries
Autorzy:: Ilczuk, Ewa
Martončik, Marcel
Barzykowski, Krystian
Stieger, Stefan
Adamkovic, Matus
Szaszi, Barnabas
Elsherif, Mahmoud
Mirisola, Alberto
Ribeiro, Rafael
Ruiz-Fernandez, Susana
Voracek, Martin
Ulloa, José Luis
Arinze, Nwadiogo C.
Acs, Gergely
Aczel, Balazs
Giammusso, Isabella
Arriaga, Patrícia
Röer, Jan P.
Dubrov, Dmitrii
Baník, Gabriel
Ropovik, Ivan
Kern, Bettina M. J.
Hajdu, Nandor
Grigoryev, Dmitry
Schmidt, Kathleen
Opis:: Voluntary isolation is one of the most effective methods for individuals to help prevent the transmission of diseases such as COVID-19. Understanding why people leave their homes when advised not to do so and identifying what contextual factors predict this non-compliant behavior is essential for policymakers and public health officials. To provide insight on these factors, we collected data from 42,169 individuals across 16 countries. Participants responded to items inquiring about their socio-cultural environment, such as the adherence of fellow citizens, as well as their mental states, such as their level of loneliness and boredom. We trained random forest models to predict whether someone had left their home during a one week period during which they were asked to voluntarily isolate themselves. The analyses indicated that overall, an increase in the feeling of being caged leads to an increased probability of leaving home. In addition, an increased feeling of responsibility and an increased fear of getting infected decreased the probability of leaving home. The models predicted compliance behavior with between 54% and 91% accuracy within each country’s sample. In addition, we modeled factors leading to risky behavior in the pandemic context. We observed an increased probability of visiting risky places as both the anticipated number of people and the importance of the activity increased. Conversely, the probability of visiting risky places increased as the perceived putative effectiveness of social distancing decreased. The variance explained in our models predicting risk ranged from < .01 to .54 by country. Together, our findings can inform behavioral interventions to increase adherence to lockdown recommendations in pandemic conditions.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego