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Tytuł:
New psittacosaurid highlights skull enlargement in horned dinosaurs
Autorzy:
Sereno, P C
Xijin, Z.
Brown, L.
Lin, T.
Tematy:
Psittacosaurus
systematics
Cretaceous
Dinosauria
China
Marginocephalia
dinosaur
skull length
Yixian Formation
paleontology
Ornithischia
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23127.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
A new psittacosaurid is based on a nearly complete articulated skeleton from northeastern China that differs principally in skull size as compared to the most common and widespread species, Psittacosaurus mongoliensis. The skull of Psittacosaurus majorsp. nov., is 25% larger despite very similar postcranial skeletal dimensions. Such selective skull enlargement is very unusual. Skull size in ceratopsians, in general, scales with positive allometry relative to body mass: species of greater mass have proportionately larger skulls. This pattern stands in marked contrast to that for other vertebrate herbivores, in which larger−bodied species either have proportionately similar or smaller skulls relative to body mass. Larger−bodied ceratopsians evolved skulls that are 50% or more of trunk length—as measured without their expansive cranial frill. Although contemporaneous duck−billed dinosaurs also exhibit some positive allometry in the skull, skull length remains approximately 35% of trunk length. The evolution of extraordinary absolute and relative skull size among ceratopsians appears to have been driven by sexual selection and involved the tandem evolution of reduced head mobility and an obligate quadrupedal posture.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mud-trapped herd captures evidence of distinctive dinosaur sociality
Autorzy:
Varricchio, D.J.
Sereno, P.C.
Xijin, Z.
Lin, T.
Wilson, J.A.
Lyon, G.H.
Tematy:
Cretaceous
dinosaur
sociality
Dinosauria
Ornithomimosauria
taphonomy
drought
Sinornithomimus dongi
paleontology
fossil assemblage
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20502.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
A unique dinosaur assemblage from the Cretaceous beds of western Inner Mongolia preserves geologic and paleontologic data that clearly delineate both the timing and mechanism of death. Over twenty individuals of the ornithomimid Sinornithomimus dongi perished while trapped in the mud of a drying lake or pond, the proximity and alignment of the mired skeletons indicating a catastrophic mass mortality of a social group. Histologic examination reveals the group to consist entirely of immature individuals between one and seven years of age, with no hatchlings or mature individuals. The Sinornithomimus locality supports the interpretation of other, more taphonomically ambiguous assemblages of immature dinosaurs as reflective of juvenile sociality. Adults of various nonavian dinosaurs are known to have engaged in prolonged nesting and post hatching parental care, a life history strategy that implies juveniles spent considerable time away from reproductively active adults. Herding of juveniles, here documented in a Cretaceous ornithomimid, may have been a common life history strategy among nonavian dinosaurs reflecting their oviparity, extensive parental care, and multi−year maturation.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sire pedigree error estimation and sire verification of the Taiwan dairy cattle population by using SNP markers
Autorzy:
Chao, C.H.
Yeh, Y.H.
Chen, Y.M.
Lee, K.H.
Wang, S.H.
Lin, T.Y.
Tematy:
Holstein cattle
genetic testing
sire pedigree
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16539078.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Information regarding the correct pedigree of and relationship between animals is useful for managing dairy breeding, reducing inbreeding, estimating breeding value, and establishing correct breeding programs. Additionally, the successful implementation of progeny testing is crucial for improving the genetics of dairy cattle, which depends on the availability of correct pedigree information. Incorrect pedigree information leads to bias in bull evaluation. In this study, Neogen GeneSeek Genomic Profiler (GGP) 50K SNP chips were used to identify and verify the sire of Taiwanese Holstein dairy cattle and analyze the reasons that lead to incorrect sire records. Samples were collected from 2,059 cows of 36 dairy farms, and the pedigree information was provided by breeders. The results of sire verification can be divided into three categories: submitted unconfirmed sire, submitted confirmed sire, and incorrectly submitted verified sire. Data on the sires of 1,323 (64.25%) and 572 (27.78%) dairy cows were verified and discovered, respectively. Sires of 1,895 (92.03%) dairy cattle were identified, which showed that the paternal pedigree of dairy cattle could be discovered and verified through genetic testing. An error-like analysis revealed that the data of 37 sires were incorrectly recorded because the bull’s NAAB code number was incorrectly entered into the insemination records: for 19 sires, the wrong bull was recorded because the frozen semen of a bull placed in the wrong storage tank was used, 6 had no sire records, and for 12 sires, the NAAB code of the correct bull was recorded but with a wrong stud code, marketing code, or unique number for the stud or breed. To reduce recorded sire error rates by at least 27.78%, automated identification of the mated bull must be adopted to reduce human error and improve dairy breeding management on dairy farms.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An integrative approach to analyze EEG signals and human brain dynamics in different cognitive states
Autorzy:
Davis, J. J.
Lin, C. -T.
Gillett, G.
Kozma, R.
Tematy:
cognition
EEG
analytic amplitude
analytic phase
Hilbert transform
visual cortex
consciousness
meditation
emotions
awareness
intentionality
spiritual values
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Wydawca:
Społeczna Akademia Nauk w Łodzi. Polskie Towarzystwo Sieci Neuronowych
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1396729.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Electroencephalograph (EEG) data provide insight into the interconnections and relationships between various cognitive states and their corresponding brain dynamics, by demonstrating dynamic connections between brain regions at different frequency bands. While sensory input tends to stimulate neural activity in different frequency bands, peaceful states of being and self-induced meditation tend to produce activity in the mid-range (Alpha). These studies were conducted with the aim of: (a) testing different equipment in order to assess two (2) different EEG technologies together with their benefits and limitations and (b) having an initial impression of different brain states associated with different experimental modalities and tasks, by analyzing the spatial and temporal power spectrum and applying our movie making methodology to engage in qualitative exploration via the art of encephalography. This study complements our previous study of measuring multichannel EEG brain dynamics using MINDO48 equipment associated with three experimental modalities measured both in the laboratory and the natural environment. Together with Hilbert analysis, we conjecture, the results will provide us with the tools to engage in more complex brain dynamics and mental states, such as Meditation, Mathematical Audio Lectures, Music Induced Meditation, and Mental Arithmetic Exercises. This paper focuses on open eye and closed eye conditions, as well as meditation states in laboratory conditions. We assess similarities and differences between experimental modalities and their associated brain states as well as differences between the different tools for analysis and equipment.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A new mechanism for data visualization with TSK-type preprocessed collaborative fuzzy rule based system
Autorzy:
Prasad, M.
Liu, Y.-T.
Li, D.-L.
Lin, C. -T.
Shah, R. R.
Kaiwartya, O. P.
Tematy:
fuzzy interference system
collaborative clustering
fuzzy logic
big data
data visualization
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Społeczna Akademia Nauk w Łodzi. Polskie Towarzystwo Sieci Neuronowych
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/91743.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
A novel data knowledge representation with the combination of structure learning ability of preprocessed collaborative fuzzy clustering and fuzzy expert knowledge of TakagiSugeno-Kang type model is presented in this paper. The proposed method divides a huge dataset into two or more subsets of dataset. The subsets of dataset interact with each other through a collaborative mechanism in order to find some similar properties within eachother. The proposed method is useful in dealing with big data issues since it divides a huge dataset into subsets of dataset and finds common features among the subsets. The salient feature of the proposed method is that it uses a small subset of dataset and some common features instead of using the entire dataset and all the features. Before interactions among subsets of the dataset, the proposed method applies a mapping technique for granules of data and centroid of clusters. The proposed method uses information of only half or less/more than the half of the data patterns for the training process, and it provides an accurate and robust model, whereas the other existing methods use the entire information of the data patterns. Simulation results show the proposed method performs better than existing methods on some benchmark problems.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Muon Spin Rotation Studies of the Vortex Matter in the High-T$\text{}_{c}$ Superconductor Bi$\text{}_{2}$Sr$\text{}_{2}$CaCu$\text{}_{2}$O$\text{}_{8+δ}$
Autorzy:
Blasius, T.
Niedermayer, Ch.
Tallon, J. L.
Pooke, D. M.
Golnik, A.
Noakes, D. R.
Stronach, C. E.
Ansaldo, E. J.
Henn, R. W.
Lin, C. T.
Bernhard, C.
Tematy:
74.60.Ge
74.25.Dw
74.72.Hs
76.75.+i
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2011022.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
We report muon spin rotation studies of the magnetic field distribution n(B) in the vortex state of the high-temperature superconductor Bi$\text{}_{2}$Sr$\text{}_{2}$CaCu$\text{}_{2}$O$\text{}_{8+δ}$. From our data on three sets of overdoped, nearly optimized and underdoped single crystals we obtain evidence for a two-stage melting process of the vortex matter under equilibrium conditions. In the irreversible regime well below the irreversibility line we observe a transition in the vortex state which we associate with an intra-planar melting transition. The resulting flux-line liquid phase persists over a sizeable temperature interval before the inter-planar decoupling of the individual vortex lines takes place in a second step at the irreversibility line, resulting in a pancake liquid phase.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Passing-beam headlamps and the possibilities of assessment of road obstacles by a driver at night
Reflektory świateł mijania a możliwości oceny przeszkód drogowych przez kierowcę podczas jazdy w nocy
Autorzy:
Targosiński, T.
Lin, Y.
Tematy:
passing beam
road illumination
road traffic safety
światła mijania
oświetlenie drogi
bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1364002.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
In most cases, passing beam is used when this is required because of the current traffic conditions. Due to the necessity of limiting the dazzling effect, the passing beam is divided into two parts: the lower one (“light”), which is to illuminate the road correctly and over as long a distance ahead of the vehicle as possible, and the upper one (“shadow”), which is to inform about the presence of a moving vehicle on the road. The headlamps must be precisely aimed to obtain the maximum range of road illumination with limited dazzle. The minimum requirements for passing beam have been laid down in type-approval and operational regulations. Based on the maximum acceptable range of headlamp aiming tolerances as specified in UN ECE Regulation No. 48, the illuminated road length ahead of the vehicle may vary from 20 m to 200 m. If the operational tolerances (i.e. those applicable to vehicles during normal operation) are taken as a basis, this variability range may be even wider. On the other hand, the photometric characteristics of the light beam close to the road surface depend on the said requirements, on the photometric characteristics of the headlamps actually installed on the vehicle, and on the actual headlamp aiming and alignment. From the traffic safety point of view, a matter of great significance for a vehicle being in use is the actual distance to which the road is illuminated. This issue is also important in the case of a need for accident reconstruction. The factors that affect the road illumination range, which is critical for the detection of road obstacles, have been analysed herein, with taking into account the measurements and calculations carried out for real headlamps that can be found in vehicles as well as the possible values of the vertical inclination and horizontal deflection of the light beam. Conclusions drawn from an assessment of the current state of laws and technologies have also been presented.
Światła mijania są najczęściej używane ze względu na warunki ruchu drogowego. Z powodu konieczności ograniczenia olśnienia światła te mają podzieloną wiązkę świetlną na dwie części: dolną czyli „światło”, która ma za zadanie prawidłowo i możliwie daleko oświetlić drogę i górną czyli „cień” której zadaniem jest sygnalizowanie obecności na drodze pojazdu znajdującego się w ruchu. Światła te powinny być precyzyjnie ustawione w celu uzyskania maksymalnego zasięgu oświetlanej drogi przy ograniczonym olśnieniu. Minimalne wymagania dotyczące świateł mijania zawarte są w przepisach homologacyjnych i eksploatacyjnych. Przyjmując zakres dopuszczalnych tolerancji ustawienia określonych w regulaminie Europejskiej Komisji Gospodarczej ONZ nr 48 zasięg oświetlanej drogi może zmieniać się od 20 m do 200 m. Uwzględniając tolerancje eksploatacyjne ustawienia świateł przedział zmian jest jeszcze większy. Natomiast wartości parametrów fotometrycznych wiązki świetlnej w pobliżu drogi są pochodną tych wymagań oraz parametrów fotometrycznych rzeczywistych reflektorów zainstalowanych na pojeździe oraz rzeczywistego ustawienia świateł. W przypadku eksploatacji samochodu ważny jest rzeczywisty zasięg oświetlenia drogi ze względu na bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego. Jest on także istotny w przypadku potrzeby rekonstrukcji wypadków. W artykule przeanalizowano czynniki wpływające na zasięg oświetlenia drogi jako podstawowy czynnik zauważenia przeszkód z uwzględnieniem pomiarów i obliczeń dla rzeczywistych reflektorów spotykanych na pojazdach oraz możliwych wartości pochylenia i odchylenia wiązki świetlnej. Przedstawiono także wnioski wynikające z oceny obecnego stanu przepisów i stosowanych technologii.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sufficient conditions for prisms to produce orthogonal image orientation functions without spectral dispersion
Autorzy:
Liao, T.-T.
Lin, P. D.
Tematy:
prism
image orientation
spectral dispersion
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/174146.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
One of the main functions of a prism is to produce an image orientation function without spectral dispersion. The present study extends the work previously reported in [JOSAA 33(7), 2016, pp. 1257–1266] to analyze the sufficient conditions for a prism to produce two particular image orientation functions (Φ2 and Φ5) without spectral dispersion. It is shown that there exist two sufficient conditions under which spectral dispersion can be avoided: (1) the rays enter and exit the prism perpendicularly, or (2) the prism comprises two halves which are mirror images of one another. The present findings provide a useful basis for the design of prisms without spectral dispersion.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 67

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