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Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 19
Tytuł:
Age-related changes of physiological performance and survivorship of bank voles selected for high aerobic capacity
Autorzy:
Dheyongera, Geoffrey
Koteja, Paweł
Sadowska, Edyta
Dańko, Maciej
Rudolf, Agata
Opis:
Variation in lifespans is an intriguing phenomenon, but how metabolic rate influence this variation remains unclear. High aerobic capacity can result in health benefits, but also in increased oxidative damage and accelerated ageing. We tested these contradictory predictions using bank voles (Myodes=Clethrionomys glareolus) from lines selected for high swim-induced aerobic metabolism (A), which had about 50% higher maximum metabolic rate and a higher basal and routine metabolic rates, than those from unselected control lines (C). We measured sprint speed (VSmax), forced-running maximum metabolic rate (VO_{2}run), maximum long-distance running speed (VLmax), running speed at VO_{2}run (VVO_{2}), and respiratory quotient at VO_{2}run (RQ) at three age classes (I: 3-5, II: 12-14, III: 17-19 months), and analysed survivorship. We asked if ageing, understood as the age-related decline of the performance traits, differs between the A and C lines. At age class I, voles from A lines had 19% higher VO_{2}run, and 12% higher VLmax, but tended to have 19% lower VSmax, than those from C lines. RQ was nearly 1.0 for both A and C lines. The pattern of age-related changes differed between the lines mainly between age classes I and II, but not in older animals. VSmax increased by 27% in A lines and by 10% in C lines between age class I and II, but between classes II and III, it increased by 16% in both selection directions. VO_{2}run decreased by 7% between age class I and II in A lines only, but in C lines it remained constant across all age classes. VLmax decreased by 8% and VVO_{2} by 12% between age classes II and III, but similarly in both selection directions. Mortality was higher in A than in C lines only between the age of 1 and 4 months. The only trait for which the changes in old animals differed between the lines was RQ. In A lines, RQ increased between age classes II and III, whereas in C lines such an increase occurred between age classes I and II. Thus, we did not find obvious effects of selection on the pattern of ageing. However, the physiological performance and mortality of bank voles remained surprisingly robust to ageing, at least until the age of 17-19 months, similar to the maximum lifespan under natural conditions. Therefore, it is possible that the selection could affect the pattern of ageing in even older individuals when symptoms of senility might be more profound.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental evolution on a wild mammal species results in modifications of gut microbial communities
Autorzy:
Sadowska, Edyta
Kohl, Kevin D.
Koteja, Paweł
Rudolf, Agata
Dearing, M. Denise
Opis:
Comparative studies have shown that diet, life history, and phylogeny interact to determine microbial community structure across mammalian hosts. However, these studies are often confounded by numerous factors. Selection experiments offer unique opportunities to validate conclusions and test hypotheses generated by comparative studies. We used a replicated, 15-generation selection experiment on bank voles (Myodes glareolus) that have been selected for high swim-induced aerobic metabolism, predatory behavior toward crickets, and the ability to maintain body mass on a high-fiber, herbivorous diet. We predicted that selection on host performance, mimicking adaptive radiation, would result in distinct microbial signatures. We collected foregut and cecum samples from animals that were all fed the same nutrient-rich diet and had not been subjected to any performance tests. We conducted microbial inventories of gut contents by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. We found no differences in cecal microbial community structure or diversity between control lines and the aerobic or predatory lines. However, the cecal chambers of voles selected for herbivorous capability harbored distinct microbial communities that exhibited higher diversity than control lines. The foregut communities of herbivorous-selected voles were also distinct from control lines. Overall, this experiment suggests that differences in microbial communities across herbivorous mammals may be evolved, and not solely driven by current diet or other transient factors.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 19

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