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Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 18
Tytuł:
Testing the dual-component account of working memory with a serial recognition task
Autorzy:
Chuderski, Adam
Stettner, Zbigniew
Opis:
This study tested the dual-component model of working memory (WM) against its unitary alternative. The former account predicts that WM consists of two functionally distinct mechanisms: a very accessible but capacity-limited primary memory (PM) and a less accessible secondary memory (SM). The latter account assumes only one long-term memory component. We used a novel version of the Sternberg serial recognition paradigm, which selectively impedes access to either early or late items, by asking participants about the location of a probe in relation to either the end or the start of encoded memory set, respectively. When locations matched probes, our manipulation harmed recognition of early items, while it left late items intact, in the case of both latency and accuracy. However, in trials in which locations did not match probes, such an effect regarded only latency but not accuracy. This result suggests that a way of access to WM may depend on the level of conflict among accessed memory items. Finally, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed two distinct sources of variance in recognition accuracy. In total, our results are consistent with th e dual-component view of WM, and they implicate that early items were presumably held in SM, while late items benefited from being held in PM.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Computational modeling of individual differences in short term memory search
Autorzy:
Orzechowski, Jarosław
Stettner, Zbigniew
Chuderski, Adam
Opis:
Modeling of individual or group differences, believed to be a powerful test for computational models, is still rare in current cognitive science. In this paper, we discuss alternative approaches to the computational modeling of both qualitative and quantitative differences among individuals as well as groups of individuals. Then, an example is presented of how accounting for individual differences in short term memory (STM) search can bring us insight into cognitive processes underlying this phenomenon, insight that otherways would be impossible. The two-phase computational model of memory search implements the idea of working memory (WM) focus of attention (FA): due to updating process a few items may be actively kept and easily accessed in ACT-R goal buffer. FA is being scanned serially first, and if the scan result is negative, a parallel chunk retrieval from active part of declarative memory outside the FA may run with certain probability. The model aptly simulates steep decrease in accuracy as well as steep increase in latency for responses to five most recent stimuli. The model also predicts the observed effect of faster negative responses than positive responses to less recent stimuli. Most important, with manipulation to only one of its parameters (i.e., the capacity of FA) our model is able to predict 94% of variance for two groups of participants that differed in latency patterns (i.e., ‘serial-like’ vs. ‘parallel-like’ groups) of the search process.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 18

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