Autor: Ulrich, Werner - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Species, density and weight distributions
The density - weight and the biomass - weight distribution can be generated by the species - weight distribution together with density fluctuations: evidence from model species distributions in the Hymenoptera
Autorzy:: Ulrich, Werner
Współwytwórcy:: Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology
Wydawca:: Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology. Publishing Office
Powiązania:: Stork N. E., Blackburn T. M. 1993 - Abundance, body size and biomass of arthropods in tropical forest - Oikos 67: 483-489.
Shorrocks B., Marsters J., Ward I., Evennett P. J. 1991 - The fractal dimension of lichens and the distribution of arthropod body length - Funct. Ecol. 5: 457-460
Gaston K. J. 1988 - Patterns in the local and regional dynamics of moth populations - Oikos 53: 49-57.
Currie D. J.. Fritz J. T. 1993 - Global patterns of animal abundance and species energy use - Oikos 67: 56-68.
Lawton J. H. 1990 - Species richness and population dynamics of animal assemblages. Patterns in body size: abundance space. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 330: 283-291.
Sheldon R. A., Prakash A., Sutcliffe Jr. W. H. 1972 - The size distribution of particles in the ocean - Limnology and Oceanography 17: 327-340.
Cyr H., Peters R. H., Downing J. A. 1997 - Population density and community size structure: comparison of aquatic and terrestrial systems - Oikos 80: 139-149.
Griffiths D. 1992 – Size, abundance and energy use in communities - J. Animal Ecol. 61: 307-315.
Van Valen L. 1973 - Body size and numbers of plants and animals - Evolution 27: 27-35.
Ulrich W. 1999b - The Hymenoptera of a dry meadow on limestone: Species composition, abundance and biomass - Pol. J. Ecol. 47: 29-47.
Currie D. J. 1993 - What shape is the relationship between body mass and population density – Oikos 66: 353.
Ulrich W. 1999a – Abundance, biomass and density boundaries in the Hymenoptera: analysis of the abundance - weight relationship and differences between forest and open landscape habitats - Pol. J. Ecol. 47: 73-86.
Peters R. H. 1983 - The ecological implications of body size - Cambridge.
Maurer B. A., Brown J. H. 1988 - Distribution of energy use and biomass among species of North American terrestrial birds - Ecology 69: 1923-1932.
Owen J., Gilbert F. S. 1989 - On the abundance of hoverflies (Syrphidae) - Oikos 55: 183-193.
Strayer D. 1986 - The size structure of a lacustrine zoobenthic community - Oecologia 69: 513-515.
Dial K. P., Marzluff J. M. 1988 - Are the smallest organisms the most diverse - Ecology 69: 1620-1624.
Peters R. H., Wassenberg K. 1983 - The effect of body size on animal abundance - Oecologia 60: 89-96.
Blackburn T. M., Gaston K. J. 1996 – Abundance - body size relationships: the area you census tells you more - Oikos 75: 303-309.
Lawton J. H. 1989 - What is the relationship between population density and body size in animals - Oikos 55: 429-434.
Blackburn T. M., Lawton J. H., Perry J. N. 1992 - A method of estimating the slope of upper bounds of plots of body size and abundance in natural animal assemblages - Oikos 65: 107-112.
Damuth J. 1981 - Population density and body size in mammals - Nature 230: 699-700.
Novotny V., Kindlmann P. 1996 - Distribution of body sizes in arthropod taxa and communities - Oikos 75: 75-82.
Nee S., Read A. F., Greenwood J. J. D., Harvey P. H. 1991 - The relationship between abundance and body size in British birds - Nature 351: 312-313.
May R. M. 1986 - The search for patterns in the balance of nature: advances and retreats. Ecology 67: 1115-1126.
May R. M. 1978 - The dynamics and diversity of insect faunas (In: Diversity of insect faunas, Eds. L. A. Mound. N. Waloff) - Oxford, pp. 188-204.
Gaston K. J. 1993 - Comparing animals and automobiles: a vehicle for understanding body size and abundance relationships in species assemblages? - Oikos 66: 172-179.
Maurer B. A., Brown J. H., Rusler R. D. 1992 - The micro and macro in body size evolution - Evolution 46: 939-953.
Ulrich W. 1998 - The parasitic Hymenoptera in a beech forest on limestone I: Species composition, species turnover, abundance and biomass - Pol. J. Ecol 3: 261-289.
Polish Journal of Ecology
Morse D. R., Lawton J. H., Dodson M. M., Williamson M. H. 1985 - Fractal dimension of vegetation and the distribution of arthropod body lengths - Nature 314: 731-733.
Scharf S. F., Juanes F., Sutherland M. 1998 - Inferring ecological relationships from the edges of scatter diagrams: comparisons of regression techniques - Ecology 79: 448-460.
Opis:: Strony 87-101 : ilustracje ; 27 cm
Bibliographical references (pages 100-101)
Bibliografia na stronach 100-101
This paper tests the hypothesis that the density – weight distribution of species assemblages may be generated alone by underlying weight dependent density fluctuations by constructing several model species – weight and density – weight distributions. The simulations revealed that indeed even a slight dependence of density fluctuation on body weight generated typical density – weight distributions with upper density boundaries and triangular shapes. Other ecological explanations, such as metabolic constraints or arguments based on fractal geometry, may therefore not be necessary to explain the pattern. In a second step of analysis the density – weight relationship was combined with various species – weight distributions (computed over log2 weight classes) to show that in nearly all parameter settings steadily rising biomass distributions with a decline only towards the largest weight classes result. The generality of the equal biomass hypothesis is therefore rejected. A general model is developed to explain several of the patterns in density – weight and species – weight plots assuming only underlying weight dependent speciation and extinction rates and weight dependent density fluctuations.
Pages 87-101 : illustrations ; 27 cm
Dostawca treści:: RCIN - Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: The Hymenoptera of a dry meadow
The Hymenoptera of a dry meadow on limestone: species composition, abundance and biomass
Autorzy:: Ulrich, Werner
Współwytwórcy:: Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology
Wydawca:: Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology. Publishing Office
Powiązania:: Hilpert H. 1989 - Zur Hautfluglerfauna eines sudbadischen Eichen-Hainbuchenmischwaldes - Spixiana 12: 57-90.
Gauld I. D., Bolton B. 1988 - The Hymenoptera - Oxford.
Ulrich W. 1988 - Welche Faktoren beeintlussen die Populationen und die Strukturen der Gemeinschaften von bodenlebenden parasitoiden Hymenopteren in einem Kalkbuchenwald? – Thesis Gottingen.
Garbarczyk H. 1981 - Tybelaki (Proctotrupoidea, Hymenoptera) - Fragmenta Faunistica 26: 325-340.
Owen D. F., Svensson B. W. 1974 - Massive species diversity in a sample of Ichneumonidae (Hym.) from Southern Sweden - Ent. Scand. 5: 289-290.
Ulrich W. 1985 - Hymenopteren in einem Kalkbuchenwald: Artenspektrum, Phanologie und Wirtsbeziehungen. Unpubl. Diplomwork Gottingen.
Weidemann G. 1965 - Okologische und biometrische Untersuchungen an Proctotrupiden (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupidae s.str.) der Nordseekuste und des Binnenlandes - Z. morph. Okol. Tiere 55: 425-514.
Sawoniewicz J. 1981 – Ichneumonidae - Frag. Faunistica 26: 285-306.
Thiede U. 1975 - Untersuchungen uber die Arthropodenfauna in Fichtenforsten - Thesis Gottingen.
Subba Rao B. R., Hayat M. 1986 - The Chalcidoidea of India and adjacent countries - Oriental Insects 20: 1-430.
Thole R., Meyer B. 1979 - Bodengenetische und okologische Analyse eines Reprasentativ-Areals der Gottinger Muschelkalkscholle als landschaftsokologische Planungsgrundlage - Gott. Bodenkundl. Ber. 59: 1-235.
Pschorn-Walcher H. 1956 - Aphanogmus nigrifornicatus nov. spec. (Proctotrupoidea, Ceraphronidae) ein Parasit der rauberisch an Adelgiden lebenden Gallmuckenlarven von Aphidoteles thompsoni Moehn - Mitt. Schw. Ent. Ges. 29: 353-362.
Moran V. C., Southwood T. R. E. 1982 - The guild composition of arthropod communities in trees - J. Animal Ecol. 51: 289-306.
Townes H. 1969-1975 - The Genera Of Ichneumonidae Part I-IV - Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 11, 12, 13. 17, Ann Arbor.
Horstmann K. 1988 - Die Schlupfwespenfauna der Nordsee-Inseln Mellum und Memmert (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) - Drosera 88: 183-206.
Horstmann K. 1970 - Okologische Untersuchungen Uber die Ichneumoniden (Hymenoptera) an der Nordseekuste Schleßwig-Holsteins - Oecologia 4: 29-73.
Trjapitzin W. A., Alekseev W. N., Dzhanokmen K. A., Zerova M. D., Koslow M. A., Kostjukow W. W., Nikol'skaja M. N., Ponomarenko N. G., Sorokina A. P., Sugonjaev E. S., Jasnosh W. A. 1978 - Bethyloidea, Chalcidoidea, Proctotrupoidea, Ceraphronoidea - Opred. Fauna SSSR 120, Leningrad.
Ulrich W. 1998 - The parasitic Hymenoptera in a beech forest on limestone I: species composition, species turnover, abundance and biomass - Pol. J. Ecol. 3: 261-289.
Muesebeck C. F. 1979 - Superfamily Proctotrupoidea (In: Catalog of Hymenoptera in Amerika North of Mexico Vol. I, Eds. Krombein, Hurd, Smith, Burks) - Washington D.C., pp. 1187-1195.
Kasparjan D. R., Atanasow A. M., Jonajtis W. P., Kuslitzhij W. S., Rasnitzin A. P., Sijtan U. W., Tolkanitz W. I. 1981 - Ichneumonidae - Opred. Fauna SSSR 129, Leningrad.
Hovemeyer K. 1996 - Die Dipterengemeinschaften eines Halbtrockenrasens und einer Hecke im sudniedersachsischen Bergland: eine vergleichende Untersuchung - Drosera '96: 113-127.
Bornkamm R. 1960 - Die Trespen-Halbtrockenrasen im oberen Leinegebiet - Mitt. Flor.-Soziol. Arb. Gem. N. F. 8: 181-208.
Copland M. J. W., Askew R. R. 1977 - An analysis of the chalcidoid (Hymenoptera) fauna of a sand-dune system - Ecol. Ent. 2: 27-46.
Pielou E. C. 1977 - Mathematical Ecology - Wiley & Sons. New York, pp 1-385.
Konig R. 1969 - Zur Okologie und Systematik der Braconiden der Nordseekuste Schleßwig-Holsteins (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) – Thesis Kiel.
Boucek Z. 1988 - Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) - Wallingford.
Tobias W. I. 1986 - Braconidae - Opred. Fauna SSSR 145. Leningrad.
Abraham R. 1969 - Okologische Untersuchungen an Pteromaliden (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) aus dem Grenzraum Land-Meer - Thesis Kiel.
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Ulrich W. 1987 - Wirtsbeziehungen der parasitoiden Hautflugler in einem Kalkbuchenwald (Hymenoptera) - Zool. Jb. Syst. 114: 303-342.
Gaston K. J., Gauld I. D., Hanson P. 1996 - The size and composition of the hymenopteran fauna of Costa Rica - J. of Biogeography 23: 105-113.
Janzen D. H., Pond C. M. 1975 – A comparison, by sweep sampling, of the arthropod fauna of secondary vegetation in Michigan. England and Costa Rica - Trans. R. Ent. Soc. London 127: 33-50.
Eriksson D. 1993 - The species pool hypothesis and plant community diversity - Oikos 68: 371-374.
Krombein K. V., Hurd P. D., Smith D. R., Burks B. D. (Eds.) 1979 - Catalog of Hymenoptera In America North Of Mexiko, Vol. I: Symphyta and Apocrita- W ashington D.C.
Nauenburg J. D. 1980 - Die Vegetationsgliederung des Drakenberges bei Gottingen - Unpubl. Diplomwork Gottingen.
Vidal St. 1988 - Analyse der Fauna der Erzwespenfamilien Eulophidae und Tetracampidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) der Nordseeinseln Mellum und Memmert nach Farbschalfangen - Drosera 88: 155-174.
Polish Journal of Ecology
Sterzyński W. 1981 - Braconidae, Hymenoptera - Fragm. Faunistica 26: 309-324.
Opis:: Pages 29-47 : illustrations ; 27 cm
Bibliografia na stronach 42-44
Bibliographical references (pages 42-44)
In 1986 and 1988 the hymenopterous fauna of a semixerophytic meadow on limestone near Gottingen (FRG) was studied using ground-photo-eclectors. A total of 4982 specimens belonging to 475 different species were collected. Extrapolations from double-log functions revealed that there may be as many as 1330 parasitoid species present per year. 455 of the 475 species were parasitoids. 155 of them attack dipterans. 48 lepidopterans. 36 beetles. 23 wasps, 22 plant hoppers and 13 aphids. 47 of the species are egg-parasitoids and parasitoids of miners, ectophytophages count for 44 of the wasp species. The abundance of the wasp fauna was rather high (1120 ± 53 ind. m-2 a-1 (1986) and 335 ± 42 ind. m-2 a-1 (1988). Most abundant were the parasitoids of miners, gall-makers and the egg-parasitoids. Compared with the high abundance the biomass was low. In 1986 the wasps weighed a total of 194 ± 24 mgDW m-2 a-1 and in 1988 only 69 ± 20 mgDW m-2 a-1. The parasitoids of ectophytophagous lepidopterans and coleopterans counted for more than half of the whole biomass.
Strony 29-47 : ilustracje ; 27 cm
Dostawca treści:: RCIN - Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Abundance, biomass and density boundaries in the Hymenoptera
Abundance, biomass and density boundaries in the Hymenoptera: analysis of the abundance - weight relationship and differences between forest and open landscape habitats
Autorzy:: Ulrich, Werner
Współwytwórcy:: Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology
Wydawca:: Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology. Publishing Office
Powiązania:: May R. M. 1986 - The search for patterns in the balance of nature: advances and retreats. - Ecology 67: 1115-1126.
Nee S., Read A. F., Greenwood J. J. D., Harvey P. 1991 - The relationship between abundance and body size in British birds - Nature 351: 312-313.
Currie D. J., Fritz J. T. 1993 - Global patterns of animal abundance and species energy use - Oikos 67: 56-68.
Stork N. E., Blackburn T. M. 1993 - Abundance, body size and biomass of arthropods in tropical forest - Oikos 67: 483-489.
Ulrich W. 1999a - The Hymenoptera of a dry meadow on limestone: Species composition, abundance and biomass - Pol. J. Ecol. 47: 29-47.
Blackburn T. M., Gaston K. J. 1996 - Abundance - body size relationships: the area you census tells you more - Oikos 75: 303-309.
Schaefer M. 1991 - Fauna of the European temperate deciduous forest (In: Temperate deciduous forests, Eds. E. Rohrig, B. Ulrich) - Ecosystems of the world 7, Amsterdam, pp. 503-525.
Gaston K. J. 1988 - Patterns in the local and regional dynamics of moth populations - Oikos 53: 49-57.
Pollard E., Lakhani K. H., Rothery P. 1987 - The detection of density-dependence from a series of annual censuses - Ecology 68: 2046-2055.
Lawton J. H. 1990 - Species richness and population dynamics of animal assemblages. Patterns in body-size: abundance space - Phil. Tans. R. Soc. Lond. B 330: 283-291.
May R. M. 1978 - The dynamics and diversity of insect faunas (In: Diversity of insect faunas, Eds. L.A. Mound & N. Waloff) - Oxford, pp. 188-204.
Currie D. J. 1993 - What shape is the relationship between body mass and population density – Oikos 66: 353.
Ulrich W. 1999c - Morphology and ecology in the parasitic Hymenoptera: analysis of three morphological parameters and their relation to ecological factors - Pol. J. Ecol. 47: 49-72.
Hovemeyer K. 1992 - Population studies of Cheilosia fasciata (Diptera: Syrphidae), a leaf miner of Allium ursinum - Ecol. Entomol. 17: 331-337.
Basset Y., Kitching R. L. 1991 - Species number, species abundance and body length of arboreal arthropods associated with an Australian rainforest tree - Ecol. Entomol. 16: 391-402.
Chesson P. 1978 - Predator-prey theory and variability - Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 9: 323-347.
Ulrich W. 1999b - The density - weight and the biomass - weight distribution can be generated by the species - weight distribution together with density fluctuations: evidence from model species distributions in the Hymenoptera. Pol. J. Ecol. 47: 87-101.
Crowley P. H. 1992 - Density dependence, boundedness, and attraction: detecting stability in stochastic systems. - Oecologia 90: 246-254.
Blackburn T. M., Lawton J. H., Perry J. N. 1992 - A method of estimating the slope of upper bounds of plots of body size and abundance in natural animal assemblages – Oikos 65: 107-112.
Peters R. H. 1983 - The ecological implications of body size - Cambridge.
Cyr H., Peters R. H., Downing J. A. 1997 - Population density and community size structure: comparison of aquatic and terrestrial systems – Oikos 80: 139-149.
Gaston K. J., Lawton J. H. 1988 - Patterns in the distribution and abundance of insect populations - Nature 331: 709-712.
Maurer B. A., Brown J. H. 1988 - Distribution of energy use and biomass among species of North American terrestrial birds - Ecology 69: 1923-1932.
Strayer D. 1986 - The size structure of a lacustrine zoobenthic community - Oecologia 69: 513-515.
Schaefer M. 1996 - Die Bodenfauna von Waldern: Biodiversitat in einem okologischen System - Abh. Math.-Naturw. Klasse 1996, 2, Stuttgart.
Griffiths D. 1992 - Size, abundance, and energy use in communities - J. Animal Ecol. 61: 307-315.
Ulrich W. 1998 - The parasitic Hymenoptera in a beech forest on limestone I: species composition, species turnover, abundance and biomass - Pol. J. Ecol. 3: 261-289.
Hovemeyer K. 1996 - Die Dipterengemeinschaften eines Halbtrockenrasens und einer Hecke im sudniedersachsischen Bergland: eine vergleichende Untersuchung - Drosera '96: 113-127.
Damuth J. 1987 - Interspecific allometry of population density in mammals and other animals: the independence of body mass and population energy-use - Bio. J. Linn. Soc. 31: 193-246.
Lawton J. H. 1989 - What is the relationship between population density and body size in animals - Oikos 55: 429-434.
Tokeshi M. 1990 - Density - body size allometry does not exist in a chironomid community on Myriophyllum - Freshwater Biol. 24: 613-618.
Damuth J. 1981 - Population density and body size in mammals - Nature 230: 699-700.
Peters R. H., Raelson J. V. 1984 - Relations between individual size and mammalian population density - Am. Nat. 124: 498-517.
Chesson P., Ellner S. 1989 - Invasibility and stochastic boundedness in monotonic competition models - J. Math. Biol. 27: 117-138.
Morse D. R, Stork N. E., Lawton J. H. 1988 - Species number, species abundance and body length relationships of arboreal beetles in Bornean lowland rain forest trees - Ecol. Entomol. 13: 25-37.
Novotny V., Kindlmann P. 1996 - Distribution of body sizes in arthropod taxa and communities - Oikos 75: 75-82.
Den Boer P. J., Reddingius J. 1989 - On the stabilization of animal numbers. Problems of testing 2. Confrontation with data from the field - Oecologia 79: 143-149.
Gaston K. J. 1993 - Comparing animals and automobiles: a vehicle for understanding body size and abundance relationships in species assemblages? - Oikos 66: 172-179.
Polish Journal of Ecology
Reddingius J., Den Boer P. J. 1989 - On the stabilization of animal numbers. Problems of testing. 1. Power estimates and estimation errors - Oecologia 78: 1-8.
Scharf S. F., Juanes F., Sutherland M. 1998 - Inferring ecological relationships from the edges of scatter diagrams: comparisons of regression techniques - Ecology 79: 448-460.
Opis:: Bibliographical references (pages 85-86)
The density – weight distributions of the hymenopteran species in a beech forest on limestone and a dry meadow on limestone near Göttingen (FRG) were studied. Species and density distributions (logarithmic size classes) turned out to follow normal and log-normal distributions with the meadow having the more narrow shape. Upper weight classes accumulated more total biomass m-2 than lower ones, resulting in a rejection of the equal biotnass hypothesis in the case of the Hymenoptera. An analysis of the density – weight relationship revealed an upper density boundary for the hymenopteran species which can be defined by second order polynomial functions. Mean and upper densities of small hymenopteran species ranged well below their boundaries. With an asymptotic relationship between distance from the boundary and species weight. The area defined by the boundaries may mark the area of stability: exceeding the species specific boundary was always followed by a marked decline or even a collapse of population density.
Bibliografia na stronach 85-86
Pages 73-86 : illustrations ; 27 cm
Strony 73-86 : ilustracje ; 27 cm
Dostawca treści:: RCIN - Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Morphology and ecology of the parasitic Hymenoptera
Morphology and ecology of the parasitic Hymenoptera: analysis of three morphological parameters and their relationship to environmental factors
Autorzy:: Ulrich, Werner
Współwytwórcy:: Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology
Wydawca:: Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology. Publishing Office
Powiązania:: Brown V. K., Southwood T. R. E. 1983 - Trophic diversity, niche breadth and generation times of exopterygote insects in a secondary succession - Oecologia 56: 220-225.
Waloff N. 1983 - Absence of wing polymorphism in the atboreal, phytophagous species of some taxa of temperate Hemiptera: a hypothesis - Ecol. Entomol. 8: 229-232.
Ulrich W. 1999c – Abundance, biomass and density boundaries in the Hymenoptera: Analysis of abundance-body size relationship and differences between forest and open landscape habitats - Pol. J. Ecol. 47: 73-86.
Brown V. K. 1985 - Insect herbivores and plant succession - Oikos 44: 17-22.
Gauld I. D., Bolton B. (Eds.) 1988 - The Hymenoptera - Br. Museum (Nat. Hist.) and Oxford Univ. Press, London, 1-332.
Currie D. J., Fritz J. T. 1993 - Global patterns of animal abundance and species energy use - Oikos 67: 56-68.
Stork N. E., Blackburn T. M. 1993 - Abundance, body size and biomass of arthropods in tropical forest - Oikos 67: 483-489.
Horn H. S., May R. M. 1977 - Limits to similarity among co-existing competitors - Nature 270: 660-661.
Ulrich W. 1999d - Regional and local faunas of Hymenoptera: a comparison between local habitats and the total European fauna - Pol. J. Entomol.: in press.
Cyr H., Peters R. H., Downing J. A. 1997 - Population density and community size structure: comparison of aquatic and terrestrial systems - Oikos 80: 139-149.
Peters R. H. 1983 - The ecological implications of body size - Cambridge, 1-327.
Ulrich W. 1999b - The numbers of species of Hymenoptera in Europe and assessment of the total number of Hymenoptera in the world - Pol. J. Entomol.: in press.
Stippich G. 1986 - Die Spinnenfauna (Arachnida: Araneida) eines Kalkbuchenwaldes: Bedeutung von Habitatstruktur und Nahrung - Thesis Gottingen.
Ulrich W. 1988 - Welche Faktoren beeinflussen die Populationen und die Strukturen der Gemeinschaften von bodenlebenden parasitoiden Hymenopteren in einem Kalkbuchenwald? – Thesis Gottingen.
Harrison R. G. 1980 - Dispersal polymorphism in insects - Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 11: 95-118.
Lewis C. N., Whitfield J. B. 1997 - Seasonal distribution of Embolemidae (Hymenoptera) in central and northern Arkansas - Ent. News 108: 231-235.
Hutchinson G. E. 1959 - Homage to Santa Rosalia or why are there so many kinds of animals - Am. Nat. 93: 145-159.
Hovemeyer K. 1996 - Die Dipterengemeinschaften eines Halbtrockenrasens und einer Hecke im sudniedersachsischen Bergland: eine vergleichende Untersuchung - Drosera '96: 113-127.
Askew R. R., Shaw M. R. 1986 - Parasitoid communities: their size, structure and development (In: Insect Parasitoids. Eds. J. Waage. D. Greathead) - Academic Press, London, 225-264.
Kajak A. 1978 - Analysis of consumption by spiders under laboratory and field conditions - Ekol. Pol. 26: 409-428.
Krebs Ch. J. 1985 - Ecology - Harper and Row, London. 1-800.
Ulrich W. 1998 - The parasitic Hymenoptera in a beech forest on limestone I: Species composition, species-turnover, abundance and biomass - Pol. J. Ecol. 46: 261-289.
Ulrich W. 1987 - Wirtsbeziehungen der parasitoiden Hautflugler in einem Kalkbuchenwald (Hymenoptera) - Zool. Jb. Syst. 114: 303-342.
Basset Y., Kitching R. L. 1991 - Species numer, species abundance and body length or arboreal arthropods associated with an Australian rainforest tree - Ecol. Entomol. 16: 391-402.
Brown V. K., Southwood T. R. E. 1987 - Secondary succession: patterns and strategies (In: Colonization. Succession and Stability, Eds. A. J. Gray, M. J. Crawley, P. J. Edwards) - Blackwell, London, 315-337.
Hovemeyer K. 1995 - Trophic links, nutrient fluxes and natural history in the Allium ursinum food web, with particular reference to life history traits of two hovertly herbivores (Diptera: Syrphidae) - Oecologia 102: 86-94.
Abrams P. 1983 - The theory of limiting similarity - Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 14: 359-376.
Zinnert K. D. 1969 - Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Morphologie und Biologie der Larvenparasiten (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae und Braconidae) mitteleuropaischer Blattwespen aus der Subfamilie Nematinae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) - Zeitschr. Ang. Entomol. 64: 180-217; 277-306.
Johnson C. G. 1969 - Migration and Dispersal of Insects by Flight - Methuen, London.
Polish Journal of Ecology
Ulrich W. 1999a - The Hymenoptera of a dry meadow on limestone: Species composition, abundance and biomass - Pol. J. Ecol. 47: 29-47.
MacNally R. Ch. 1988 - On the statistical significance of the Hutchinsonian size-ratio parameter - Ecology 69: 1974-1982.
Opis:: In the parasitic Hymenoptera of a dry meadow on limestone and a beech forest on limestone (both near Göttingen, FRG) three morphological parameters were analyzed and related to environmental factors: the relative wing surface, the ovipositor length and the relative length of the hind leg (as a measure of body-compactness). Two coefficients of wing surface and one of body-compactness are developed. Wing surface and length of legs turned out to be allometrically related to the thorax volume of the species. Soil living parasitoids had the relatively largest wings and longest hind legs; parasitoids of the canopy level showed the opposite trend. On the dry meadow many more wingless or short winged species occurred than in the beech wood; these species also reached higher densities. In the fully winged species there were more species with smaller wing surfaces on the dry meadow than in the beech wood. Idiobiontic parasitoids appeared to have much higher proportions of wing reduced species than koinobiontic species. The impact of these differences in morphology on community structure is discussed.
Pages 117-133 : illustrations ; 27 cm
Bibliographical references (pages 132-133)
Strony 117-133 : ilustracje ; 27 cm
Bibliografia na stronach 132-133
Dostawca treści:: RCIN - Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Comparing the performance of various estimators using large model communities
Estimating species numbers by extrapolation. 1
Estimating species numbers by extrapolation. 1, Comparing the performance of various estimators using large model communities
Autorzy:: Ulrich, Werner
Współwytwórcy:: Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology
Wydawca:: Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology. Publishing Office
Powiązania:: Smith E. P., van Belle G. 1984 - Nonparametric estimation of species richness - Biometrics, 40: 119-129.
Kobayashi S., Kimura K. 1994 - The number of species occurring in a sample of a biotic community and its connections with species-abundance relationships and spatial distribution - Ecol. Res. 9: 281-294.
Heltshe J., Forrester N. E. 1983 - Estimating species richness using the jackknife procedurę - Biometrics 39: 1-11.
Coddington J. A., Young L. H., Coyle F. A. 1996 - Estimating spider species richness in a Southern Appalachian cove hardwood forest - J. Arachnology, 24: 111-128.
Mingoti S. A., Meeden G. 1992 - Estimating the total number of distinct species using presence and absence data - Biometrics, 48: 863-875.
Preston F. W. 1962 - The canonical distribution of commonness and rarity. Part I – Ecology 43: 185-215.
Baltanas A. 1992 - On the use of some methods for the estimation of species richness - Oikos, 65: 484-492.
Keating K. A. 1998 - Estimating species richness: the Michaelis-Menten model revisited - Oikos, 81: 411-416.
Longino J. T., Colwell R. K. 1997 - Biodiversity assessment using structured inventory: capturing the ant fauna of a tropical rain forest - Ecol. Appl. 7: 1263-1277.
Ulrich W. 1999a - Estimating species numbers by extrapolation II: determining the minimum sample size to obtain a certain fraction of species in a community - Pol. J. Ecol. 47: 293-305.
Slocomb J., Dickson K. L. 1978 - Estimating the total number of species in a biological community (In: Biological data in water pollution assessment: quantitative and statistical analyses, Eds.: K. L. Dickson, J. Cairns Jr., R. J. Livingston) - Philadelphia, pp. 38-52.
Tackaberry R., Brokaw N., Kellman M., Mallory E. 1997 - Estimating species richness in tropical forest: the missing species extrapolation technique - J. Trop. Ecol. 13: 449-458.
Scharf S. F., Juanes F., Sutherland M. 1998 - Inferring ecological relationships from the edges of scatter diagrams: comparisons of regression techniques - Ecology, 79: 448-460.
Chao A. 1984 - Non-parametric estimation of the number of classes in a population - Scand. J. Stat. 11: 265-270.
Lee S. M., Chao A. 1994 - Estimating population size via sample coverage for closed capture-recapture models - Biometrics 50: 88-97.
Miller R. I., Wiegert R. G. 1989 - Documenting completeness, species-area relations, and the species abundance distribution of a regional flora - Ecology, 70: 16-22.
Lawton J. H. 1990 - Species richness and population dynamics of animal assemblages. Patterns in body-size: abundance space - Phil. Tans. R. Soc. Lond. B 330: 283-291.
Brainerd B. 1972 - On the relation between types and tokens in literary text - J. Appl. Prob. 9: 507-518.
Tokeshi M. 1996 - Power fraction: a new explanation of relative abundance patterns in species-rich assemblages - Oikos, 75: 543-550.
Lauga J., Joachim J. 1987 - L'echantillonnage des populations d'oiseaux par la methode des E.F.P.: interet d'une etude mathemathique de la courbe de richesse cumulee - Acta Oecol. Oecol. Gen. 8: 117-124.
Ulrich W. l999b - The density - size and the biomass - weight distribution is generated by the species - size distribution together with Density Fluctuations: Evidence from Model Species Distributions in the Hymenoptera - Pol. J. Ecol. 47: 87-101.
Bunge J., Fitzpatrick M. 1993 - Estimating the number of species: a review - J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 88: 364-373.
Tokeshi M. 1993 - Species, abundance patterns and community structure - Adv. Ecol. Res. 24: 111-186.
De Caprariis P., Lindemann R. H., Collins C. 1976 - A method for determining optimum sample size in species diversity studies - Math. Geol. 8: 575-581.
Hilpert H. 1989 - Zur Hautfluglerfauna eines sudbadischen Eichen-Hainbuchenmischwaldes - Spixiana, 12: 57-90.
Pielou E. C. 1977 - Mathematical Ecology - New York, 1-385.
Palmer M. W. 1990 - The estimation of species richness by extrapolation - Ecology, 71: 1195-1198.
Morris J. G. 1976 - Physikalische Chemie fur Biologen – Weinheim, New York, 1-345.
Chao A., Lee S. M., Jeng S. L. 1992 - Estimation of population size for capture-recapture data when capture probabilities vary by time and individual animal - Biometrics, 48: 201-216.
Hodkinson I. D., Hodkinson E. 1993 - Pondering the imponderable: a probability based approach to estimating insect diversity from repeat faunal samples - Ecol. Entomol. 18: 91-92.
Walther B. A., Morand S. 1998 - Comparative performance of species richness estimation methods - Parasitology, 116: 395-405.
McArdle B. H., Gaston K. J., Lawton J. H. 1990 - Variation in the size of animal populations: patterns, problems and artefacts - J. Anim. Ecol. 59: 439-454.
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Palmer M. W. 1991 - The estimation of species richness: the second-order jackknife reconsidered - Ecology. 72: 1512-1513.
Chao A., Lee S. M. 1992 - Estimating the number of classes via sample coverage - J. Am. Sta. Assoc. 87: 210-217.
Boulinier Th., Nichols J. D., Sauer J. R., Hines J. E., Pollock K. H. 1998 - Estimating species richness: the importance of heterogeneity in species detectability - Ecology, 79: 1018-1028.
Currie D. J. 1993 - What shape is the relationship between body mass and population density - Oikos, 66: 353.
Colwell R. K., Coddington J. A. 1994 - Estimating terrestrial biodiversity through extrapolation - Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B: 345: 101-118.
Burnham K. P., Overton W. S. 1979 - Robust estimation of population size when capture probabilities vary among animals - Ecology. 60: 927-936.
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Slocomb J., Stauffer B., Dickson K. L. 1977 - On fitting the truncated lognormal distribution to species abundance data using maximum likelihood estimation - Ecology. 58: 693-696.
Soberon M. J., Llorente B. J. 1993 - The use of species accumulation functions for the prediction of species richness - Cons. Biol. 7: 480-488.
Hughes R. G. 1986 - Theories and models of species abundance - Am. Nat. 128: 879-899.
Chao L. 1987 - Estimating the population size for capture - recapture data with unequal catchability - Biometrics, 43: 783-791.
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Ulrich W. 1999c - Abundance, biomass and density boundaries in the Hymenoptera: analysis of the abundance - body size relationship and differences between forest and open landscape habitats - Pol. J. Ecol. 47: 73-86.
Edwards L. E. 1997 - A useful procedure for estimating the species richness of spiders - J. Arachnology, 25: 99-105.
Ulrich W. 1998 - The parasitic Hymenoptera in a beech forest on limestone I: Species composition, species turnover, abundance and biomass - Pol. J. Ecol. 46: 261-289.
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Polish Journal of Ecology
Solow A. R. 1994 - On the Bayesian estimation of the number of species in a community - Ecology 75: 2139-2142.
Gaston K. J. 1993 - Comparing animals and automobiles: a vehicle for understanding body size and abundance relationships in species assemblages? - Oikos, 66: 172-179.
Winklehner R., Winkler H., Kampichler C. 1997 - Estimating local species richness of epigeic Collembola in temperate dry grassland - Pedobiologia, 41: 154-158.
Sugihara G. 1980 - Minimal community structure: an explanation of species abundance patterns - Am. Nat. 116: 770-787.
Opis:: Bibliographical references (pages 289-291)
Bibliografia na stronach 289-291
Pages 271-291 : illustrations ; 27 cm
Strony 271-291 : ilustracje ; 27 cm
A computer program was constructed that simulates large species assemblages (28 to 997 species) with various species-rank order distributions and degrees of aggregation of the species. From these model assemblages random samples were taken to study the performance of 14 estimators of species diversity. For 6 of the estimators correction factors are developed. In sufficiently large samples (more than 2/3 of the true species number (TS) sampled) a corrected second order jackknife estimator gave the best results. 18% of the estimates ranged outside TS ± 10%. If fewer species are represented in the sample (but more than 1/3 TS) two newly developed data analytical estimators performed better. Between 23 and 24%, respectively, of their estimates ranged outside TS ± 20%. Crucial to the performance of all of the estimators is the sample size. The minimum sample size for an estimator to work has to contain at least 1/3 of the total species number.
Dostawca treści:: RCIN - Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych

Książka

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Estimating species numbers by extrapolation: a cautionary note
Estimating species numbers by extrapolation
Autorzy:: Ulrich, Werner
Współwytwórcy:: Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology
Wydawca:: Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology. Publishing Office
Powiązania:: Ulrich W. 1998 - The parasitic Hymenoptera in a beech forest on limestone I: Species composition, species turnover, abundance and biomass - Polish J. Ecol. 46: 261-289.
Mingoti S. A., Meeden G. 1992 - Estimating the total number of distinct species using presence and absence data - Biometrics, 48: 863-875.
Keating K. A. 1998 - Estimating species richness: the Michaelis-Menten model revisited - Oikos, 81: 411-416.
Slocomb J., Stauffer B., Dickson K. L. 1977 - On fitting the truncated lognormal distribution to species abundance data using maximum likelihood estimation - Ecology, 58: 693-696.
Lee S. M., Chao A. 1994 - Estimating population size via sample coverage for closed capture-recapture models - Biometrics, 50: 88-97.
Colwell R. K., Coddington J. A. 1994 - Estimating terrestrial biodiversity through extrapolation - Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 345: 101-118.
Tackaberry R., Brokaw N., Kellman M., Mallory E. 1997 - Estimating species richness in tropical forest: the missing species extrapolation technique - J. Trop. Ecol. 13: 449-458.
Chao A. 1984 - Non-parametric estimation of the number of classes in a population - Scand. J. Stat. 11: 265-270.
Miller R. I., Wiegert R. G. 1989 - Documenting completeness, species-area relations, and the species abundance distribution of a regional flora - Ecology, 70: 16-22.
Palmer M. W. 1991 - The estimation of species richness: the second-order jackknife reconsidered - Ecology, 72: 1512-1513.
Tokeshi M. 1996 - Power fraction: a new explanation of relative abundance patterns in species-rich assemblages - Oikos, 75: 543-550.
Lauga J., Joachim J. 1987 - L'echantillonnage des populations d'oiseaux par la methode des E.F.P.: interet d'une etude mathemathique de la courbe de richesse cumulee - Acta Oecol. Oecol. Gen. 8: 117-124.
Bunge J., Fitzpatrick M. 1993 - Estimating the number of species: a review - J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 88: 364-373.
Tokeshi M. 1993 - Species, abundance patterns and community structure - Adv. Ecol. Res. 24: 111-186.
De Caprariis P., Lindemann R. H., Collins C. 1976 - A method for determining optimum sample size in species diversity studies - Math. Geol. 8: 575-581.
Hilpert H. 1989 - Zur Hautfluglerfauna eines sudbadischen Eichen-Hainbuchenmischwaldes - Spixiana, 12: 57-90.
Ulrich W. 1999c - Temporal stability of community structure of the parasitic Hymenoptera in a beech forest on limestone - Pol. J. Ecol. 47: 257-270.
Burnham K. P., Overton W. S. 1979 - Robust estimation of population size when capture probabilities vary among animals - Ecology, 60: 927-936.
Palmer M. W. 1990 - The estimation of species richness by extrapolation - Ecology, 71: 1195-1198.
Chao A., Lee S. M., Jeng S. L. 1992 - Estimation of population size for capture-recapture data when capture probabilities vary by time and individual animal - Biometrics, 48: 201-216.
Frontier S. 1985 - Diversity and structure in aquatic ecosystems (In : Oceanography and Marine Biology - An Annual Review, Ed. M. Barnes) - Aberdeen, pp. 253-312.
Walther B. A., Morand S. 1998 - Comparative performance of species richness estimation methods - Parasitology, 116: 395-405.
Gregory R. 1994 - Species abundance patterns of British birds - Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 257: 299-301.
Ulrich W. 1999a - Estimating species numbers by extrapolation I: Comparing the performance of various estimators using large model assemblages - Pol. J. Ecol. 47: 271-291.
Nee S., Harvey P. H., May R. M. 1991 - Lifting the veil on abundance patterns - Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 243: 161-163.
Ulrich W. 1999b - The Hymenoptera of a dry meadow on limestone: species composition, abundance and biomass - Polish J. Ecol. 46: 29-47.
Chao A., Lee S. M. 1992 - Estimating the number of classes via sample coverage - J. Am. Sta. Assac. 87: 210-217.
Burnham K. P., Overton W. S. 1978 - Estimation of the size of a closed population when capture probabilities vary among animals - Biometrika, 65: 623-633.
Chao L. 1987 - Estimating the population size for capture-recapture data with unequal catchability - Biometrics, 43: 783-791.
Slocomb J., Dickson K. L. 1978 - Estimating the total number of species in a biological community (In : Biological data in water pollution assessment: quantitative and statistical analyses, Eds K. L. Dickson, J. Cairns Jr., R. J. Livingston) - Philadelphia, pp. 38-52.
Soberon M. J., Llorente B. J. 1993 - The use of species accumulation functions for the prediction of species richness - Cons. Biol. 7: 480-488.
Hughes R. G. 1986 - Theories and models of species abundance - Am. Nat. 128: 879-899.
Edwards L. E. 1997 - A useful procedure for estimating the species richness of spiders - J. Arachnology, 25: 99-105.
Moulliot D., Lepretre A., Andrei-Ruiz M.-C., Viale D. 2000 - The fractal model: an new model to describe the species accumulation process and relative abundance distribution (RAD) - Oikos, 90: 333-342.
Ulrich W. 2000 - Niche segregation and coexistence of parasitic Hymenoptera of the Aspilota genus group (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) in a beech forest on limestone - Pol. J. Ecol. 48: 225-238.
Ulrich W. 2001: Models of relative abundance distributions I: Model fitting by stochastic models - Pol. J. Ecol.: 49: 145-157.
Polish Journal of Ecology
Stout J., Vandermeer J. 1975 - Comparison of species richness for stream-inhabiting insects in tropical and mid latitude streams - Am. Nat. 109: 263-280.
Winklehner R., Winkler H., Kampichler C. 1997 - Estimating local species richness of epigeic Collembola in temperate dry grassland - Pedobiologia, 41: 154-158.
Sugihara G. 1980 - Minimal community structure: an explanation of species abundance patterns - Am. Nat. 116: 770-787.
Opis:: Strony 299-305 : ilustracje ; 27 cm
Bibliographical references (pages 304-305)
Bibliografia na stronach 304-305
Pages 299-305 : illustrations ; 27 cm
This paper evaluates the accuracy any estimator of species numbers may achieve if only a limited fraction (up to 3/4) of the species number in the community has been sampled. From the impossibility to infer the relative abundance distribution (RAD) the rare and not sampled species follow it is shown that it is only possible to give a lower and an upper boundary of the species number. The lower boundary may be inferred either from a fit of a log-normal type RAD or by a graphical method. In the latter case, the lower boundary is Smin = (ln (dmin) - 2 icpt) / slope with dmin being the minimal possible relative density in the community and icpt and slope being the intercept and the slope of the geometric series fitted through the linear part of the log-normal distribution. The upper boundary is found through an extrapolation of this geometric series up to dmin [Smax = (ln (dmin) - icpt) / slope]. For any estimator to work dmin has to be known.
Dostawca treści:: RCIN - Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych

Książka

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Relative abundance distributions
Relative abundance distributions of species: the need to have a new look at them
Autorzy:: Ulrich, Werner
Współwytwórcy:: Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology
Wydawca:: Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology. Publishing Office
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Opis:: Bibliografia na stronach 403-405
Bibliographical references (pages 403-405)
Strony 391-405 : ilustracje ; 27 cm
This paper shows that recent models of relative abundances (RADs) like the log-normal model or sequential breakage or niche apportionment models are not able to describe and explain RADs found in natural communities because they are derived from a classical niche concept and assume strong past or present interspecific competition. None of them refers especially to temporal variability and functional niche dimensions. The present paper identifies three basic features of natural communities (unimodal species-weight distributions, abundance-weight distributions with more or less marked upper boundaries, and species density fluctuations that can be modelled by four different random processes). Modelling communities with these basic features resulted in RADs that only in part could be described by classical models but that had shapes often found in samplings from larger natural communities. No single distribution like the canonical log-normal appeared that may serve as a general null-model but RAD and evolutionary strategy (r-or K selection) seem to be related. The shape of relative abundance distributions was found to depend on the number of species even if all parameter setting of the generating distributions were identical. This indicates that classical evenness indices (that assume independence of species number) might not be appropriate to compare communities with different numbers of species. It appeared that RAD and body weight related community patterns have to be studied together.
Pages 391-405 : illustrations ; 27 cm
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Tytuł:: Relative abundance distributions
Models of relative abundance distributions. 1, Model fitting by stochastic models
Model fitting by stochastic models
Autorzy:: Ulrich, Werner
Współwytwórcy:: Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology
Wydawca:: Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology. Publishing Office
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Opis:: Strony 145-157 : ilustracje ; 27 cm
Bibliografia na stronach 156-157
The present paper studies possibilities to discriminate between 9 stochastic models of relative abundance distributions (RADs). It develops a new test statistic: for fitting based on least square distances and tests the applicability of methods described so far. The paper identifies three basic shapes of RADs termed power fraction, random assortment and Zipf-Mandelbrot type shape. It is shown that even a correct identification of the shape of a given data set requires that this data set is replicated more than 10 times. Estimates of necessary sample sizes for real animal or plant communities revealed that for communities with 20 to 100 species at least 200 to 500 times the species number is necessary for a correct model identification. The implications of these findings for the applicability of models of relative abundance distributions are discussed.
Bibliographical references (pages 156-157)
Pages 145-157 : illustrations ; 27 cm
Dostawca treści:: RCIN - Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych

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Tytuł:: Fit of power function and exponential model
Species-area relationships I
On species-area relationships. 1, Fit of power function and exponential model
Autorzy:: Ulrich, Werner
Współwytwórcy:: Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology
Wydawca:: Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology. Publishing Office
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Opis:: Bibliografia na stronach 19-20
Pages 3-20 : illustrations ; 27 cm
A FORTRAN program is developed that generates model assemblages on the basis of three basic features of animal communities: the species weight relationship, the density-weight relationship, and the minimal density. Samplings from random placed individuals of such assemblages revealed the influence of the sampling method (sequential adding, nested and non-nested), the scale, and the underlying relative abundance distribution on resulting species-area relationships (SPARs). It is concluded that the type of the species-area relationship is not an intrinsic factor of an assemblage but depends especially on the sampling method and the unit of area. The fraction of species found only once in the sample (singletons) was the major factor influencing the model that fitted the SPAR best (at low fractions the exponential, at higher fractions the power function model). All sampling and structural factors that influence the fraction of singletons also influence the fit of the SPAR model. A mathematical derivation showed that at a certain fraction of singletons in the sample a shift from the power function to the exponential model is expected independent of assemblage type. This shift will occur between 20 and 30% singletons.
Bibliographical references (pages 19-20)
Strony 3-20 : ilustracje ; 27 cm
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Tytuł:: Characteristics of rare species
Ecological characteristics of rare species: the case of parasitic Hymenoptera
Autorzy:: Ulrich, Werner
Współwytwórcy:: Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology
Wydawca:: Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology. Publishing Office
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Polish Journal of Ecology
Ulrich W. 1999b - Regional and local faunas of Hymenoptera - Pol. J. Entomol. 68: 217-230.
Gauld I. D., Bolton B. (Eds) 1988 - The Hymenoptera - Br. Museum (Nat. Hist.) and Oxford Univ. Press, London, 1-332.
Ulrich W. 1999d - Morphology and ecology in the parasitic Hymenoptera: analysis of three morphological parameters and their relationship to ecological factors - Pol. J. Ecol. 47: 117-133.
Gaston K. J., Curnutt J. L. 1998 - The dynamics of abundance - range size relationships - Oikos 81: 38-44.
Huston M. A. 1999 - Local processes and regional patterns: appropriate scales for understanding variation in the diversity of plants and animals - Oikos 86: 393-401.
Opis:: Bibliographical references (pages 387-389)
Ecological characteristics of relatively rare (singleton) hymenopteran species sampled in a beech forest on limestone are studied. No marked differences between singleton and non-singleton species occurred in regard to guild membership, stratum of host attack and phenology. There was however a strong effect of sample size on the fraction of singletons. Body size and phylogenetic position also appeared to influence rarity, but it proofed to be difficult to separate the effects of both variables. Rare species appeared to have larger density fluctuations but - in line with the theory of local mate competition - lower sex ratios than more common species. Brachypterous and apterous species had lower fractions of singletons. This result contradicts theoretical expectations of metapopulation models.
Bibliografia na stronach 387-389
Strony 379-389 : ilustracje ; 27 cm
Pages 379-389 : illustrations ; 27 cm
Dostawca treści:: RCIN - Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych

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