Temat: 87.23.Ge - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Modeling of the Parties Vote Share Distributions
Autorzy:: Kononovicius, A.
Tematy:: 89.65.Gh
87.23.Ge; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029582.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Competition between varying ideas, people and institutions fuels the dynamics of socio-economic systems. Numerous analyses of the empirical data extracted from different financial markets have established a consistent set of stylized facts describing statistical signatures of the competition in the financial markets. Having an established and consistent set of stylized facts helps to set clear goals for theoretical models to achieve. Despite similar abundance of empirical analyses in sociophysics, there is no consistent set of stylized facts describing the opinion dynamics. In this contribution we consider the parties' vote share distributions observed during the Lithuanian parliamentary elections. We show that most of the time empirical vote share distributions could be well fitted by numerous different distributions. While discussing this peculiarity we provide arguments, including a simple agent-based model, on why the beta distribution could be the best choice to fit the parties' vote share distributions.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: The Diamond Model of Social Response within an Agent-Based Approach
Autorzy:: Nail, P.
Sznajd-Weron, K.
Tematy:: 87.23.Ge
05.50.+q; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1398893.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Models of social response concern the identification and delineation of possible responses to social pressure. Most models are based on simple one-dimensional conceptualizations of conformity and its alternatives even though more sophisticated models have been available for a number of years. The diamond model is perhaps the most refined of the two-dimensional formulations. It is particularly useful in building agent-based models of opinion dynamics because it gives clear and explicit operational definitions of basic types of social response. In fact, the diamond model is actually a ready recipe for a microscopic model of opinion dynamics. Moreover, it fits quite well Einstein's simple but no simpler strategy. In this work, we will present the logic of the diamond model as well as its implications for agent-based modeling.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Cooperation Model with Costly Punishment
Autorzy:: Gradowski, T.
Mrowinski, M.
Kosinski, R.
Tematy:: 87.23.Ge
89.65.-s; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1408976.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: In recent years the issue of costly punishment in systems where free-riding occurs has been a subject of extensive research in the field of game theory. This issue is present in many areas of human activities like paying taxes, using public transport, wireless Internet or P2P networks. It is one of the most common dilemmas in modern societies. In this work we present a simple model of cooperation with three possible strategies (cooperate, defect or punish). In the model players explore the available strategies according to their interactions with other players. We introduce two groups of parameters. The first group is sociological-like and it describes the social acceptance for the free riding behavior. The other group of parameters describes the economical aspects of the system - the cost and efficiency of punishers. Using differential equations approach, as well as an agent based model, we look for equilibrium properties of the system.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Impact of social interactions on demand curves for innovative products
Autorzy:: Maciejowska, K.
Jędrzejewski, A.
Kowalska-Pyzalska, A.
Weron, R.
Tematy:: 89.65.Gh
87.23.Ge; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1075443.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Empirical studies suggest that word-of-mouth strongly influences the innovation diffusion process and is responsible for the "S" shape of the adoption curve. However, it is not clear how word-of-mouth affects demand curves for innovative products and strategic decisions of producers. Using an agent-based model of innovation diffusion, which links consumer opinions with reservation prices, we show that a relatively strong word-of-mouth effect can lead to the creation of two separated price-quantity regimes, with a nonlinear transition between them. A small shift of the product's market price can result in a drastic change of the demanded quantity and, hence, the revenues of a firm. Using Monte Carlo simulations and mean-field treatment we demonstrate that word-of-mouth may have ambiguous consequences and should be taken into account when designing marketing strategies.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Linking Consumer Opinions with Reservation Prices in an Agent-Based Model of Innovation Diffusion
Autorzy:: Kowalska-Pyzalska, A.
Ćwik, K.
Jędrzejewski, A.
Sznajd-Weron, K.
Tematy:: 89.65.Gh
87.23.Ge; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1398895.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: We extend a recently developed agent-based model of innovation diffusion by linking the opinions of potential consumers with their market behavior via the concept of reservation prices. Through a dynamic mechanism that takes into account social influence, the agents in our model can both increase or decrease their product appraisal. Considering complete graph network structures and using mean-field treatment we find that the model can exhibit a plethora of scenarios, observed empirically but not attainable within the classical Bass model. We also show the existence of a critical market price above which the innovation cannot diffuse.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Statistical Properties of the Proportional Voting Process
Autorzy:: Gradowski, T.
Kosiński, R.
Tematy:: 11.25.Hf
87.23.Ge; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1812228.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: We propose a model of elections based on the Sznajd model of social interactions in the stochastic Ravasz-Barabási hierarchical network. The results of numerical calculations for the population described by this model were compared with statistical analysis of elections' results to the lower house of Parliament held in Poland in the years of 2001, 2005 and 2007. It is shown that the distribution of votes among candidates for the whole country as well as for the district of Warsaw has the log-normal character. The results from Poland are compared with other countries: Brazil and India. For all the cases log-normal distribution of votes for the candidates from each political party is shown. The probability of gaining a number of votes as a function of the number of the candidate on the list is presented.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Bounded confidence model: addressed information maintain diversity of opinions
Autorzy:: Malarz, K.
Kułakowski, K.
Tematy:: 87.23.Ge
07.05.Tp
64.60.aq; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1409050.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: A community of agents is subject to a stream of messages, which are represented as points on a plane of issues. Messages are sent by media and by agents themselves. Messages from media shape the public opinion. They are unbiased, i.e. positive and negative opinions on a given issue appear with equal frequencies. In our previous work, the only criterion to receive a message by an agent is if the distance between this message and the ones received earlier does not exceed the given value of the tolerance parameter. Here we introduce a possibility to address a message to a given neighbour. We show that this option reduces the unanimity effect, what improves the collective performance.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: How Nodes and Groups Properties Influence Assortativity in Social Networks?
Autorzy:: Hetman, P.
Magnuszewski, P.
Stefańska, J.
Bujkiewicz, L.
Ostasiewicz, K.
Tematy:: 89.75.Hc
87.23.Ge
02.50.Cw; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1812231.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: A model of social network construction taking into account both social and individual influences on the distribution of links is proposed. The balance between social and individual factors is regulated through a "flexibility" parameter, reflecting how strong the initial individual sociability is altered by groups structure. The main interest is focused on the effect of groups on degree-degree correlation. Both numerical and analytical results on the relationship between assortativity and flexibility are presented.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: The Mathematics of Human Contact: Developing a Model for Social Interaction in School Children
Autorzy:: Ashton, S.
Scalas, E.
Georgiou, N.
Kiss, I.
Tematy:: 02.70.Uu
87.10.Mn
87.10.Rt
87.23.Ge; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029552.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: In this paper, we provide a statistical analysis of high-resolution contact pattern data within primary and secondary schools as collected by the SocioPatterns collaboration. Students are graphically represented as nodes in a temporally evolving network, in which links represent proximity or interaction between students. This article focuses on link- and node-level statistics, such as the on- and off-durations of links as well as the activity potential of nodes and links. Parametric models are fitted to the on- and off-durations of links, inter-event times and node activity potentials and, based on these, we propose a number of theoretical models that are able to reproduce the collected data within varying levels of accuracy. By doing so, we aim to identify the minimal network-level properties that are needed to closely match the real-world data, with the aim of combining this contact pattern model with epidemic models in future work.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Cluster Expansion Method for Evolving Weighted Networks Having Vector-Like Nodes
Autorzy:: Ausloos, M.
Gligor, M.
Tematy:: 89.75.Fb
89.65.Gh
89.75.Hc
87.23.Ge; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1812216.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The cluster variation method known in statistical mechanics and condensed matter is revived for weighted bipartite networks. The decomposition (or expansion) of a Hamiltonian through a finite number of components, whence serving to define variable clusters, is recalled. As an illustration the network built from data representing correlations between (4) macroeconomic features, i.e. the so-called vector components, of 15 EU countries, as (function) nodes, is discussed. We show that statistical physics principles, like the maximum entropy criterion points to clusters, here in a (4) variable phase space: Gross Domestic Product, Final Consumption Expenditure, Gross Capital Formation and Net Exports. It is observed that the maximum entropy corresponds to a cluster which does not explicitly include the Gross Domestic Product but only the other (3) "axes", i.e. consumption, investment and trade components. On the other hand, the minimal entropy clustering scheme is obtained from a coupling necessarily including Gross Domestic Product and Final Consumption Expenditure. The results confirm intuitive economic theory and practice expectations at least as regards geographical connexions. The technique can of course be applied to many other cases in the physics of socio-economy networks.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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