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Wyszukujesz frazę "Arbuscular" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
The impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the content of plant secondary metabolites and the application of these microorganisms in the medicinal plant cultivation
Wpływ grzybów arbuskularnych na zawartość metabolitów wtórnych w roślinach oraz zastosowanie tych mikroorganizmów w uprawach roślin leczniczych
Autorzy:
Michta, Nina
Opis:
The aim of this thesis was to review available information about the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF Glomeromycota) on medicinal plants and to assess the possibility of applying these symbiotic fungi in the cultivation of these plants. The characterization of AMF, arbuscular mycorrhiza, the role of these microorganisms in cultivation of medicinal plants, their practical use in agriculture, and in process of active protection of rare and endangered species are included. This thesis also contains information about main group of plant metabolites and their usage. The mycorrhizal status of medicinal plants and the impact of AMF on the content of plant secondary metabolites were reviewed. The possibility of using these symbiotic organisms in cultivation was also assessed. The cultivation of medicinal plants could incorporate inoculations of selected AMF that can result in the increase in plant biomass and content of secondary metabolites. The colonization of roots by fungi of Glomeromycota can also protect plants against biotic (pathogens) and abiotic (heavy metal contamination, water deficiency) stresses. In the future, AMF may play an important role in the medical plant cultivation. At present, owing to still insufficient knowledge about interactions between these fungi and medicinal plants and the high costs of fungal inoculum production, the practical use of AMF in the cultivation of medicinal plants is a rarity, and in most cases remains still under investigations.
Celem niniejszej pracy licencjackiej było zebranie informacji na temat wpływu grzybów arbuskularnych na rośliny lecznicze, jak również ocena możliwości zastosowania tych symbiotycznych mikroorganizmów w uprawie roślin leczniczych. Przedstawiona została charakterystyka grzybów arbuskularnych (Glomeromycota), morfologia mikoryzy arbuskularnej oraz ich praktyczne wykorzystanie tych grzybów w ogrodnictwie, rolnictwie, ochronie roślin zagrożonych wymarciem i rekultywacji zanieczyszczonych terenów. Opisane zostały również główne grupy metabolitów roślin leczniczych i przykłady ich zastosowania. Zebrano informacje na temat wpływu grzybów arbuskularnych na produkcję metabolitów wtórnych przez rośliny. Przedstawiono charakterystykę mikoryz oraz status mikoryzowy roślin leczniczych. Przedyskutowano możliwości praktycznego wykorzystania grzybów arbuskularnych w produkcji surowców zielarskich. Symbioza mikoryzowa wpływa pozytywnie na rozwój roślin i zawartość metabolitów wtórnych, pozwala ograniczyć stosowanie nawozów sztucznych, a dzięki temu zwiększyć wydajność uprawy. Największą zaletą mikoryzy jest znaczne zwiększenie obszaru pobierania związków mineralnych przez uprawianą roślinę leczniczą. Grzyby arbuskularne zapewniają także odporność na stres jakim jest zawartość metali ciężkich w glebie, niekorzystne pH, jak również zanieczyszczenia w powietrzu. W przyszłości grzyby arbuskularne mogą odegrać istotną rolę w uprawach roślin leczniczych. Obecnie, ze względu na zbyt małą wiedzę na temat zależności grzybów arbuskularnych i roślin leczniczych oraz wysokie koszty produkcji inokulów grzybowych, ich praktyczne zastosowanie w uprawie tych roślin jest nadal w trakcie badań naukowych. Jednak przy wzrastającej roli rolnictwa ekologicznego istnieją szanse na korzystanie z grzybów mikoryzowych w uprawie roślin leczniczych na szerszą skalę.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Inne
Tytuł:
The growth and phosphorus acquisition of invasive plants Rudbeckia laciniata and Solidago gigantea are enhanced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Autorzy:
Zubek, Szymon
Majewska, Marta
Skubała, Kaja
Opis:
While a number of recent studies have revealed that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can mediate invasive plant success, the influence of these symbionts on the most successful and high-impact invaders is largely unexplored. Two perennial herbs of this category of invasive plants, Rudbeckia laciniata and Solidago gigantea (Asteraceae), were thus tested in a pot experiment to determine whether AMF influence their growth, the concentration of phosphorus in biomass, and photosynthesis. The following treatments, including three common AMF species, were prepared on soils representative of two habitats that are frequently invaded by both plants, namely fallow and river valley: (1) control-soil without AMF, (2) Rhizophagus irregularis, (3) Funneliformis mosseae, and (4) Claroideoglomus claroideum. The invaders were strongly dependent on AMF for their growth. The mycorrhizal dependency of R. laciniata was 88 and 63% and of S. gigantea 90 and 82% for valley and fallow soils, respectively. The fungi also increased P concentration in their biomass. However, we found different effects of the fungal species in the stimulation of plant growth and P acquisition, with R. irregularis and C. claroideum being the most and least effective symbionts, respectively. None of AMF species had an impact on the photosynthetic performance indexes of both plants. Our findings indicate that AMF have a direct effect on the early stages of R. laciniata and S. gigantea growth. The magnitude of the response of both plant species to AMF was dependent on the fungal and soil identities. Therefore, the presence of particular AMF species in a site may determine the success of their invasion.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyte associations of medicinal plants
Autorzy:
Zubek, S.
Blaszkowski, J.
Mleczko, P.
Tematy:
arbuscular mycorrhizal association
dark septate endophyte association
medicinal plant
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
fungi
morphology
Glomeromycota
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/56932.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophyte (DSE) associations were studied in 36 medicinal plant species from 33 genera and 17 families, collected from the Botanical Garden of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) was found in 34 species (94%); 26 were of the Arum-type, 4 – Paris and 4 taxa revealed intermediate morphology. The abundance of AMF hyphae in roots varied with particular species, ranging from 2.5% (Helianthus tuberosus) to 77.9% (Convallaria majalis). The mycelium of DSE was observed in 13 plant species (36%), however, the percentage of root colonization by these fungi was low. Spores of 7 AMF species (Glomeromycota) were isolated from trap cultures established from rhizosphere soils of the investigated plants: Archaeospora trappei (Archaeosporaceae), Glomus aureum, Glomus caledonium, Glomus claroideum, Glomus constrictum, Glomus mosseae, Glomus versiforme (Glomeraceae). Our results are the first detailed report of root endophyte associations of the plant species under study. Moreover, the mycorrhizal status of 14 plant species is reported for the first time.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fungal root endophyte associations of medicinal plants
Autorzy:
Zubek, Szymon
Błaszkowski, Janusz
Buchwald, Waldemar
Opis:
Fungal root endophytes were examined in 25 medicinal plant species from 24 genera and 14 families. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) was found in 15 species. In roots of these plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with coarse hyphae were dominant. The intensity of AMF colonization varied with particular species, ranging from 1.2% (Cannabis sativa) to 78.8% (Salvia przewalskii). The fine AM endophyte (Glomus tenue) hyphae were found only in 3 species. The AM morphology of 12 species was of the Arum-type, while 3 plants of the Apiaceae and Cannabaceae families revealed intermediate AM types. The mycelium of dark septate endophytes (DSE) was observed in 17 plant species; however, both the frequency of their occurrence in roots and the intensity of root colonization were low. The sporadic occurrence of Olpidium spp. sporangia was also observed in 5 plant species. Spores of 6 AMF species (Glomeromycota) were isolated from trap cultures established with soils collected from beneath the plants under study, namely Albahypha drummondii, Claroideoglomus claroideum, Funneliformis caledonius, Funneliformis mosseae, Paraglomus majewskii, and Septoglomus constrictum. The fungus most frequently found was F. mosseae, which also sporulated most abundantly in the cultures. In contrast, A. drummondii and F. caledonius were detected only in single cultures. Additionally, one morphotype with glomoid spores resembling those of Diversispora spp. was isolated from a single culture. The results constitute the first detailed report of the root endophyte associations of these plant species. Moreover, the mycorrhizal status of 11 plant species and 6 genera, and the AM morphology in 14 species, 10 genera and the Cannabaceae family, are reported for the first time.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Abscisic acid - an overlooked player in plant-microbe symbioses formation?
Autorzy:
Stec, Natalia
Banasiak, Joanna
Jasiński, Michał
Tematy:
abscisic acid
symbioses
nodulation
arbuscular mycorrhiza
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038840.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an ubiquitous plant hormone and one of the foremost signalling molecules, controlling plants' growth and development, as well as their response to environmental stresses. To date, the function of ABA has been extensively investigated as an abiotic stress molecule which regulates the plants' water status. However, in the context of symbiotic associations, ABA is less recognized. In contrast to well-described auxin/cytokinin and gibberellin/strigolactone involvement in symbioses, ABA has long been underestimated. Interestingly, ABA emerges as an important player in arbuscular mycorrhiza and legume-rhizobium symbiosis. The plant's use of stress hormones like ABA in regulation of those interactions directly links the efficiency of these processes to the environmental status of the plant, notably during drought stress. Here we provide an overview of ABA interplay in beneficial associations of plants with microorganisms and propose ABA as a potential factor determining whether the investment in establishing the interaction is higher than the profit coming from it.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Do the impacts of alien invasive plants differ from expansive native ones? : an experimental study on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities
Autorzy:
Nobis, Marcin
Majewska, Marta
Stefanowicz, Anna
Błaszkowski, Janusz
Zubek, Szymon
Skubała, Kaja
Opis:
No studies have compared so far the effects of alien invasive and expansive native (widespread, mono-dominant) plants on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Four global or European most successful invaders (Impatiens glandulifera, Reynoutria japonica, Rudbeckia laciniata, Solidago gigantea) and two expansive plants native to Europe (Artemisia vulgaris, Phalaris arundinacea) were grown in pots to elucidate the magnitude and direction of changes in AMF abundance, species richness, and species composition in soils from under multispecies native vegetation. In a second stage, the effects of these changes on a native plant, Plantago lanceolata, were assessed. Plant species identity had larger impact on AMF abundance, species richness, and species composition as well as on P. lanceolata than origin of the species (alien vs. native). This could be due to the character of AMF relationships with the plants, i.e., their mycorrhizal status and dependency on AMF. However, the alterations induced by the plant species in soil chemical properties rather than in AMF community were the major drivers of differences in shoot mass and photosynthetic performance of P. lanceolata. We determined that the plants produced species-specific effects on soil properties that, in turn, resulted in species-specific soil feedbacks on the native plant. These effects were not consistent within groups of invaders or natives.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How do monocultures of fourteen forest tree species affect arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi abundance and species richness and composition in soil?
Autorzy:
Zubek, Szymon
Rożek, Katarzyna
Leski, Tomasz
Błaszkowski, Janusz
Skubała, Kaja
Opis:
Despite the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in temperate forests, knowledge concerning their diversity and interactions with plants is still insufficient. Therefore, we studied the impact of overstorey species identity on AMF abundance and species richness and composition in relation to herbaceous plant cover and soil chemical properties. The effects of 14 tree species grown for 48 years in monospecific plots in the Siemianice Experimental Forest (western Poland) were compared, including the following groupings: deciduous vs coniferous; native to Poland/Europe vs alien; forming vs not forming arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM). Coniferous tree plots were characterised by lower pH values, plots with deciduous trees by higher concentrations of total Ca and exchangeable forms of Ca, K and Mg. AMF abundance in soils and roots increased along with increasing soil alkalinity and macronutrient levels. Concentrations of the PLFA 16:1\omega5 AMF hyphal biomass marker were higher in the soils of deciduous and AM-type tree species than those of coniferous and non-AM types. In addition, concentrations of the NLFA 16:1\omega5 AMF spore biomass marker were higher in the soils of deciduous tree species. No significant differences were found between groups of native and alien tree species. AMF spore and species numbers were low in comparison to other unforested ecosystems, averaging 77.5 and 1.2 per 50 g of soils, respectively. The presence of 8 AMF species, both widespread (e.g. Funneliformis constrictus) and rare (Acaulospora cavernata) was revealed. Significant divergence in AMF species composition was noted between plots of deciduous and coniferous species. Our study showed that tree species identity, considered as a single factor, has only a slight impact on determining AMF community characteristics. The disparity between AMF community characteristics results from the effects of several factors, as pH and element concentrations in soils, acting within tree species groups.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł

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