Temat: Civil War - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: The Interconnectedness between Institutional Quality, Civil War and Institutional Reform: A Case Study of Nepalese Maoist Civil War
Autorzy:: Aryal, Saroj Kumar
Tematy:: Civil War
Institutional Reform
Institutional Design
Institutionalism
Nepalese Civil War; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1945628.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Various factors trigger civil war, depending on the society and stages of political development. But analyzing it through the quality of an institution or some provisions of institutions may lead to a possible cause of a civil war. Thus, the primary objective of this article is to investigate institutional quality and its role in triggering a civil war. This paper argues that there is interconnectedness between institutional quality, civil war, and institutional reforms, which occurs as a series of events. Although the article provides many examples, in the second section, the case study of Nepalese decade-long civil war and post-civil war institutional reform has been presented to back the argument made in the paper. By discussing various dynamics of historical institutionalism, the paper mainly analyzes the primary and secondary sources.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Zbrodnie wojenne, represalia i zakładnicy w wojnie secesyjnej (1861–1865)
Autorzy:: Niewiński, Łukasz
Tematy:: American Civil War, war crimes; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621813.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The Civil War started on Friday, 12 April 1861 with an attack of the Confederate artillery on federal Fort Sumter (Charleston, South Carolina). The conflict ended on 9 April 1865 as a result of the surrender of the main army of the South under General Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House. It was a total war. Almost 4 million men were mobilised on both sides of the conflict. In the four years of warfare almost 620,000 human lives were lost (more than in all other wars conducted by the US put together). During the Civil War, prisoners of war were imprisoned in at least 223 camps. The majority of them were temporary. On the other hand, more than 90% of prisoners of war were detained in the twenty biggest camps and the highest numbers of deaths were recorded there. In this article I present cases of: war crimes committed on prisoners of war (the Fort Pillow Massacre, Kinston Massacre, etc.) and reprisals against them (Privateers Case, Kilpatrick- -Dahlgren Raid) and taking hostages (Corbin-McGraw Case, Immortal Six Hundred).
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: John Lilburne – człowiek, który za bardzo uwierzył w wolność
John Lilburne – the Man, Who Believed Too Much in Freedom
Autorzy:: Tulejski, Tomasz
Tematy:: Lilburne; Levellers; English Civil War; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/596677.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The Levellers was a political movement during the English Civil War that advocated radical political reforms because, in those Agreements of the People, arguably for the first time, contemporary democratic ideas had been formally framed and adopted by a political movement. One of the Levellers’ leaders was John Lilburne – also known as Freeborn John – an influential political agitator and officer of the New Model Army. In this Article, the Author tries to reconstruct Lilburne’s coherent political doctrine from his speeches, letters and political manifestoes. He argues that Freeborn John’s thought is rooted in Baptist theology because his political and social argument is a secularisation of Baptist concepts of the origin of the Church. As the congregational government called for and expressed the equality and responsibility of believers under the Lordship of Christ, and that in Jesus Christ, all people are equal and everyone is free to be in a relationship with God and to express his faith voluntarily, Lilburne infers universal and natural rights, the conventional origin of society, extended suffrage, general equality before the law, and religious tolerance.
Lewellerzy byli ruchem politycznym działającym podczas angielskiej wojny domowej, który opowiadał się za radykalnymi reformami politycznymi, ponieważ ich Agreement of the People zawierały prawdopodobnie pierwsze nowożytne idee demokratyczne formalnie opracowane i zaadoptowane przez ruch polityczny. Jednym z liderów lewellerów i wpływowym agitatorem politycznym był John Lilburne, oficer Armii Nowego Wzoru, znany również jako Freeborn John. W niniejszym artykule autor próbuje z jego mów, listów i manifestów politycznych zrekonstruować spójną doktrynę Lilburne’a. Dowodzi, że myśl Freeborn Johna jest zakorzeniona w baptystycznej teologii, ponieważ jego argument społeczny i polityczny jest sekularyzacją baptystycznej koncepcji genezy kościoła. Z faktu, że władza kongregacji wywodziła się z równości i odpowiedzialności wiernych pod władzą Chrystusa, że w Jezusie Chrystusie wszyscy ludzie są równi i każdy jest wolny w relacji z Bogiem, i wyznaje swą wiarę dobrowolnie, Lilburne wywodzi uniwersale i naturalne uprawnienia, konwencjonalne pochodzenie społeczeństwa, rozszerzenie praw wyborczych, powszechną równość wobec prawa i tolerancję religijną.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: GERMAN-AMERICAN RADICALS, ANTEBELLUM POLITICS, AND THE CIVIL WAR
Autorzy:: Keil, Hertmut
Tematy:: GERMAN IMMIGRANTS
POLITICS
RADICALISM
CIVIL WAR; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/579806.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Immigration from German-speaking countries to the United States rose dramatically after the mid-1840s, especially after the failed revolution of 1848-49. By the outbreak of the Civil War close to one million Germans had settled especially in Midwestern territories and states. The group contributed increasingly to the numbers of eligible voters, since Midwestern states, hoping to attract new settlers, liberalized their naturalization laws which allowed immigrants to vote even after receiving their “first papers,” i.e. after applying for naturalization as early as twelve months after their arrival in the new country. The votes of both groups were increasingly sought by the political parties. While the immigrant vote overwhelmingly favored the Democratic Party, because it offered protection and patronage in the face of nativist sentiments, the new Republican Party also made inroads into the German vote. The article points to the reasons for involvement of German radicals in antebellum politics and immigrants’ activity in the Republican Party despite apparent ideological and generational differences. The issue that helped unite liberals, radicals, and workers in this decade, was slavery and the fight for the abolition of this institution: whether in the media, or the political, and later, the military battleground.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: DIY (do it yourself) weapons in 2011-2016 conflict in Syria
Autorzy:: Gruca, K.
Zielichowski, A.
Tematy:: homemade weapons
conflict
Syria
civil war; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Akademia Wojsk Lądowych imienia generała Tadeusza Kościuszki
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30147047.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The article presents a phenomenon accompanying the conflict in Syria, involving the production and use of homemade weapons. Based on publications as well as multimedia materials published on the Internet the authors describe homemade weapons. The advantages and disadvantages of their use in tactical operations were identified in the form of conclusions.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Brutalność nowoczesności i amerykańska wojna secesyjna
Brutality of modernity and the American Civil War
Autorzy:: Kamieński, Łukasz
Opis:: While the Crimean War (1853-1856) was the first modern war, the American Civil War (1861-1865) came to be the first modern total war, which foreshadowed the terrible modern cruelty of the two World Wars. As such, the Civil War played a crucial role in the transformation towards brutalization, totalization, and dehumanization of warfare in the West in the 19th and 20th century. Since modern war was the product of modernity, the origins of its instrumentalization, technicalization, bureaucratization, and in turn – also barbarization and totalization, can be drawn from “the dark face” of modernity. Modernity carried within itself a great potential for progress and development, but also – being exceptionally dialectical – an enormous capacity for destruction. Therefore, one can look for connections between modern war and the “cruelty of modernity”, for which the American Civil War is a good case study.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Afghanistan’s Civil War (1979-1989): Illegal and Failed Foreign Interventions
Autorzy:: Terry, Patrick C. R.
Tematy:: Afghanistan
Soviet Union
USRR
civil war; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706873.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: For about ten years now people in NATO member states have, on a daily basis, been confronted with the faltering attempts by their troops to create a semblance of stability in Afghanistan. It is now widely recognized that Afghanistan has become an intractable international problem. This article, however, focuses on previous attempts to impose solutions. Beginning in the late 1970s and continuing throughout the 1980s, the two Cold War superpowers, the USSR and the USA, intervened in Afghanistan’s affairs. In this article the legality, under international law, of those efforts is examined. This requires an extensive analysis of international law as applicable to external interventions in civil wars. It will be demonstrated that neither the USSR’s invasion of Afghanistan, nor the USA’s massive support of the Afghan rebels, was reconcilable with international law. Considering the fact that these ill-advised interventions in Afghanistan backfired on both superpowers, they constitute a good object lesson to demonstrate that the prohibition of external interventions in civil wars not only reflects what international law demands, but is also simple common sense. Recent interventions in Bahrain and Libya are also briefly examined as to their legality, and this examination includes projections whether the unsatisfactory results of the Afghanistan interventions will be replicated there.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Patterns of Libya's instability in the aftermath of the Gaddafi regime's collapse
Autorzy:: Szczepankiewicz-Rudzka, Ewa
Opis:: Four years after the end of its uprising against the Gaddafi regime, Libya remains in chaos. It is worth noting that for the third time since their independence in 1951, the Libyans' attempts to create a modern and powerful state seem to be 'wishful thinkin'. The first two failed attempts - in 1951 and 1969 - were essentially local affairs without significant consequences beyond the country's borders. The ongoing turmoil which followed in the wake of the Arab Spring in 2011 is leading to serious regional and international destabilization. This paper discusses the main factors of the instability in post - Gaddafi Libya. According to the authors' analysis, there are the following main obstacles in the process of transition toward democracy and peace: two competing governments, multiplicity of militias and combat groups operating in Libya, jihadism rising in power as well as the regional and ethnic claims for recognition and autonomy. The last part of this paper is devoted to potential scenarios for the future of Libya.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Rwanda - perspektywy rozwoju kraju
Rwanda - the prospect of development
Autorzy:: Bar, Joanna
Tematy:: Rwanda
Civil war
Social transformation
Economical development; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/566956.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Until today Rwanda had been perceived first of all, as a country where during the short period; from 7 April to 2 July 1994, 800.000 to 1.000.000 people were killed. The massacre exterminated about 80 per cent of population of the Tutsi tribe. This genocide was the tragic end of more then a thirty year long timeline a violence. This period started in 1962 with the independence of Rwanda. The goal of this article is to present some of the transforming aspects in Rwanda during the last 15 years. The article revealed problems caused by economical development and social transformation. The article is also concerned with fixing responsibility for prosecuting the leaders and organizers of the genocide. Now, 15 years after the civil war Rwanda is a safe, politically stable country, more and more interesting for foreign investors. But, there still exist corruption, lack freedom of speech and unsolved ethnical problems.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: ETHNIC LEGENDS IN THE GRAY ZONES OF HISTORY: THE CASE OF GERMANS IN THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR
Autorzy:: Helbich, Wolfgang
Tematy:: GERMAN AMERICANS
CIVIL WAR
MYTH
ETHNIC LEGENDS; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/579641.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Even if not as intensive as a hundred years ago, or during the “ethnic revival” of the seventies, but again growing with the internet, there is a competition in North America between ethnicities for attention, recognition, respect, and sympathy. There are various players, the leadership in clubs and in organizing festivals and parades, musical events, producers of websites, the foreign-language press, the relevant university departments, even, indirectly, foreign governments. And, of course, there is grass-roots prejudice that is meant to be cultivated. Historical legends are, of course, not the only means to boost ethnic ego and prestige. The essay deals with the ethnic legends about the Civil War period that have been present in German-American historiography.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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