Temat: Extreme events - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Extreme environmental events : a proposed classification (based on the example of Central Europe)
Autorzy:: Ustrnul, Zbigniew
Niedźwiedź, Tadeusz
Opis:: This paper presents a classification concept for extreme environmental events, particularly emphasising meteorological, hydrological and geomorphological phenomena. The scheme was originally developed during the Polish national research project Extreme Meteorological and Hydrological Events in Poland - Assessment and Forecasting of Their Impacts on the Human Environment (2004-2009). Over the past decade and a half, it has been verified against observed extreme events and the international literature. Although devised primarily for Poland, the typology applies to the wider Central-European region. Events are grouped according to their genetic origin. Capital letters denote the five principal categories identifying the immediate physical cause: M - meteorological, H - hydrological, G - geomorphological, O - oceanographical and X - other (including complex or poorly defined) environmental events. Within each category, types and subtypes are distinguished. The framework also allows the combination of two or more categories or types and can be further expanded or modified in the future.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: The role of catastrophic floods in shaping the morphology of river beds in small mountain catchment areas
Rola katastrofalnych wezbrań w kształtowaniu morfologii koryt w małych zlewniach górskich, na przykładzie zdarzenia z maja 2014 r. w zlewni górnej Skawicy
Autorzy:: Franczak, Paweł
Wydawca:: Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa (Forest Research Institute), Sękocin Stary, Poland
Opis:: Mountain streams are subjected to the continuous reshaping of their river beds during floods, with the greatest changes occurring during extreme floods caused by sudden and heavy rainfall. River bed transformations during these flash floods are more severe in forested areas, where wooden logs carried by swollen streams are more likely to be deposited on the ground, which in turn leads to the greater accumulation of other transported material and debris. The study was conducted in the Rybny Potok catchment area (Babia Góra National Park). An extreme flash flood occurred on 15–16 May 2014 because of heavy rainfall, which, on 15 May amounted to 138 mm. The total amount of precipitation in the catchment area was 216.5 mm in three days. This resulted in sudden and full streams in spate, contributing to significant geomorphological transformations reaching all the way to the bottom of the river beds. During the flash flood, already established river beds and streams increased in size and many new river courses were formed.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Centrum Otwartej Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: The role of catastrophic floods in shaping the morphology of river beds in small mountain catchment areas
Rola katastrofalnych wezbrań w kształtowaniu morfologii koryt w małych zlewniach górskich, na przykładzie zdarzenia z maja 2014 r. w zlewni górnej Skawicy
Autorzy:: Franczak, Paweł
Opis:: Mountain streams are subjected to continuous reshaping of their river beds during floods with the greatest changes occurring during extreme floods caused by sudden and heavy rainfall. Riverbed transformations during these flash floods are more severe in forest areas, where wooden logs carried by the swollen streams are more likely to be deposited on the ground, which in turn leads to a greater accumulation of other transported material and debris. The study was conducted in the Rybny Potok catchment area (Babia Góra National Park). An extreme flash flood occurred on 15th - 16th May 2014 due to heavy rainfall, which, on 15th May amounted to 138 mm. The total amount of precipitation in the catchment area amounted to 216.5 mm in three days. This resulted in sudden and full spate streams, contributing to significant geomorphological transformation reaching all the way to the bottoms of the river beds. During the flash flood, already established river beds and streams increased in size and many new river courses were formed.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Ocena struktury czasowo-przestrzennej opadów z wkorzystaniem wybranych wskaźników do identyfikacji zdarzeń ekstremalnych
Evaluation of spatio-temporal rainfall patterns with selected indicators for extreme event identification
Autorzy:: Szalińska, W.
Otop, I.
Tematy:: opad
wartości wskaźnikowe
zdarzenia ekstremalne
extreme events
indicators
rainfall; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/338269.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Intensywne opady mogą powodować zagrożenie oraz poważne skutki hydrologiczne (powodzie, wezbrania), zarówno lokalnie, jak i w skali regionalnej. Stopień zagrożenia powodowanego opadami zależy od wielu czynników, m.in. od wysokości opadów, czasu trwania, zasięgu przestrzennego oraz sposobu zagospodarowania danego obszaru. Celem badań było opracowanie zbioru wartości wskaźnikowych dobowych sum opadów, umożliwiających ocenę struktury czasowo-przestrzennej opadów pod kątem identyfikacji zdarzeń ekstremalnych, wpływających na zagrożenie hydrologiczne. Opracowany zbiór wskaźników obejmował wskaźniki aprioryczne i statystyczne. Wartości progowe wskaźników statystycznych wyznaczono na podstawie wieloletnich danych obserwacyjnych, analizując sumy, czas trwania i rozkład przestrzenny opadów. Wybrany zbiór wskaźników wykorzystano do oceny struktury czasowo-przestrzennej opadów w dorzeczu górnej i środkowej Odry w okresie czerwiec-lipiec 2009 oraz maj-czerwiec 2010 r. Wyznaczone wskaźniki mogą być wykorzystane w bieżącej ocenie warunków opadowych, a wraz z uwzględnieniem morfologii terenu i zagospodarowania danego obszaru - do oceny stopnia zagrożenia hydrometeorologicznego.
Intensive rainfall events can cause severe hydrological threats and flooding. The scale of hydrological impact depends on the amount of precipitation, duration and spatial range. The aim of this work was to develop a set of indicators for the evaluation of daily sums of rainfall in order to identify extreme events triggering hydrological hazards. Indicator threshold values were assumed a priori or estimated from long-term observation dataset. A selected set of indicators was used to evaluate spatial and temporal structure of two precipitation events: June-July 2009 and May-June 2010. The obtained results showed the magnitude of extreme rainfall, frequency and duration as well as location of extreme events forming hydrological hazard in 2009 and 2010 in the upper and middle Odra River basin. Developed set of indicators can be used operationally to evaluate current rainfall situation and, in combination with the information on hydrological and catchment conditions, to assess hydrological risk.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Discussion of the “hottest year on record” in Australia
Autorzy:: Parker, Albert
Ollier, Clifford D.
Tematy:: tem perature warming
urban heat island
Australia
extreme events; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1052494.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The global temperature trends provided by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology are artificially exaggerated due to subjective and unidirectional adjustments of recorded values. The present paper aims to promote the use of the raw stations’ data corrected only for urban heat island formation. The longer temperature records of Australia exhibit significant oscillations with a strong quasi-60 years’ signature of downward phases 1880 to 1910, 1940 to 1970 and 2000 to present, and upwards phases 1910 to 1940 and 1970 to 2000. A longer oscillation with downward phase until 1910 and an upwards phase afterwards is also detected. The warming since 1910 occurred at a nearly constant rate. Over the full length of the long Australian records since the end of the 1800s, there is no sign of warming or increased occurrence of extreme events. The monthly highest and mean maximum temperatures do not exhibit any positive trend. The differences between monthly highest and lowest, or monthly mean maximum and mean minimum temperatures, are all reducing because of urban heat island formation.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Social Education on Extreme Natural Events in View of Extreme Floods and Landslides in Poland
Autorzy:: Rucinska, Dorota
Wydawca:: Wydawnictwa Wydziału Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych UW
Cytata wydawnicza:: Rucińska D., 2011, Social education on extreme natural events in view of extreme floods and landslides in Poland, [w:] Prace i Studia Geograficzne, Wydawnictwa Wydziału Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych UW, tom 48, s. 173-185
Opis:: The contents of geography textbooks and school atlases have become the ba- sis to elaborate on preparations of our society for contact with natural hazards. Leaving aside the causes of more frequent inflow of information about natural disasters, the question comes up on the effectiveness of education in view of raising education level intended in the reform of education system of 1999. This research was conducted in post middle schools in Warsaw in 2006/07. The debate on the need for broad geography education about natural hazards in the schooling period was started. It was pointed out that it is necessary to develop the ability to understand and recognize the hazard and the attitude which allows to take responsible decisions prior to, in the face of and following an extreme natural event.
Dorota Rucińska
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Centrum Otwartej Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Extreme Climate Events, Household Decision-Making and Transitions in the Immediate Aftermath of Hurricane Sandy
Autorzy:: Solecki, William
Leichenko, Robin
Eisenhauer, David
Tematy:: Extreme events
Hurricane Sandy
New York City
housing
resilience
transition; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2108280.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: It is five years since Hurricane Sandy heavily damaged the New YorkNew Jersey Metropolitan region, and the fuller character of the long-term response can be better understood. The long-term response to Hurricane Sandy and the flooding risks it illustrated are set in myriad of individual and collective decisions taken during the time following the event. While the physical vulnerability of this region to storm surge flooding and climate change risks including sea level rise has been well-documented within the scholarly literature, Sandy's impact placed decision-makingpost extreme events into the forefront of public and private discussions about the appropriate response. Some of the most fundamental choices were made by individual homeowners who houses were damaged and in some cases made uninhabitable following the storm. These individuals were forced to make decisions regarding where they would live and whether Sandy's impact would result in their moving. In the disaster recovery and rebuilding context, these early household struggles about whether to leave or stay are often lost in the wider and longer narrative of recovery. To examine this early phase, this paper presents results of a research study that documented the ephemeral evidence of the initial phase of recovery in coastal communities that were heavily impacted by Hurricane Sandy's storm surge and flooding. Hurricane Sandy and the immediate response to the storm created conditions for a potential large-scale transformation with respect to settlement of the coastal zone. In the paper, we examine and analyze survey and interview results of sixty-one residents and two dozen local stakeholders and practitioners to understand the stresses and transitions experienced by flooded households and the implications for the longer term resiliency of the communities in which they are located.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Risk assessment of extreme precipitation in northwest Iran in the light of changing climate
Autorzy:: Ustrnul, Zbigniew
Fakour, Poya
Wypych, Agnieszka
Opis:: The objective of this study is to conduct a regional risk analysis based on extreme precipitation trends at annual and seasonal time scales. It evaluates the trends of precipitation extremes over the Northwest of Iran, covering 600,000 km2. ECMWF-ERA5 reanalysis precipitation data with a relatively high spatial resolution of 0.25° × 0.25° and daily temporal resolution are used for the long-term historical period from 1941 to 2020. The provided risk assessments are based on the integration of the special distribution of trends for 10 selected extreme precipitation indices (EPIs), which were assessed with a non-parametric Mann–Kendall test at the significance level of α = 0.05. Additionally, the difference in precipitation for the recent climate reference period (1991–2020) was compared to a subperiod 1941–1970, pursuing to distinguish shifts in precipitation patterns. The findings have found a meaningful increase in the frequency of daily heavy precipitation events over the explored period, specifically in the few latter decades. The trends reveal primarily positive patterns, with many being statistically significant. Furthermore, in some regions, total rainfall has increased by nearly 25% over the past three decades. The highest number of events occurs during the winter (DJF) followed by the spring (MAM) season. Nevertheless, looking at the monthly timescale, March records the highest number of extreme precipitation events. The strongest positive trend in intensity and frequency is associated with the autumn season (SON), particularly October and November in this region. Moreover, the highest number of grid points with notable positive trends is observed during autumn on the seasonal timescale and in November on the monthly timescale. Whilst the results of the annual survey show that 56.5% of the region is at risk of extreme precipitation, this percentage grows to 80.3% on the seasonal scale (SON), which highlights the areas with a higher probability of the occurrence of extreme precipitation events. Overall, the combined results of the EPIs trends indicate a significant shift towards more intense and frequent precipitation on interannual scales. Notably, most of this region can be classified as a susceptible area to extreme precipitation events and therefore at a high probability of flash floods, especially during the autumn season.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: The geomorphological effectiveness of extreme meteorological phenomena on flysch slopes
Autorzy:: Gorczyca, Elżbieta
Opis:: Extreme events tend to cause large-scale slope system changes. During the last ten years, a series of extreme meteorological events caused considerable transformation of the slopes and valleys in various parts of the Carpathian Mountains. This paper presents the geomorphological effects of extreme rainfall and thaw events on the slopes of two catchments: the Łososina catchment (Beskid Wyspowy) and the Hoczewka catchment with an area around the Solińskie Lake (Bieszczady Niskie). The bulk of the discussion concerns a study carried out in the Łososina catchment after three separate extreme events that were followed by a considerable transformation of the slopes due to landsliding. The studies carried out in the Bieszczady Range, where a single extreme event produced only spatially limited effects, were mainly used for comparison. I he disparity between the responses of the two slope systems was a result of differences between the systems themselves, including their geology, geomorphology and landslide record, and of the difference in the scale of the extreme events.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: The geomorphological effectiveness of extreme meteorological phenomena on flysch slopes
Autorzy:: Gorczyca, E.
Tematy:: extreme events
heavy rainfall
landslies
flysch slopes
Beskid Wyspowy
Bieszczady Niskie; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Stowarzyszenie Geomorfologów Polskich
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/294721.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Extreme events tend to cause large-scale slope system changes. During the last ten years, a series of extreme meteorological events caused considerable transformation of the slopes and valleys in various parts of the Carpathian Mountains. This paper presents the geomorphological effects of extreme rainfall and thaw events on the slopes of two catchments: the lososina catchment (Beskid Wyspowy) and the Hoczewka catchment with an area around the Solinskie Lake (Bieszczady Niskie). The bulk of the discussion concerns a study carried out in the Lososina catchment after three separate extreme events that were followed by a considerable transformation of the slopes due to landsliding. The studies carried out in the Biesr.cr.ady Range, where a single extreme event produced only spatially limited effects, were mainly used for comparison. '[he disparity between the responses of the two slope systems was a result of differences between the systems themselves, including their geology, geomorphology and landslide record, and of the difference in the scale of the extreme events.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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