Temat: HMX - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Studies on Tungsten Based High Density Cast Polymer Bonded Explosive (PBX) Formulations
Autorzy:: Vadhe, P. P.
Manickam, S.
Rahujade, N.
Kondra, A.
Prasad, U.
Sinha, R. K.
Tematy:: tungsten
RDX
HMX
HTPB
PBX; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358080.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Aluminized melt-cast TNT and PBX (cast/pressed) based compositions have been widely studied and used in different warheads for various applications,such as air blast, underwater blast, thermobaric effects, etc. Tungsten (W) based cast PBX formulations are the least reported in the literature. We have partially replaced RDX or HMX in the control PBX formulation with 15 to 25% W powder and investigated the effect of this on the ease of processing, density, sensitivity, mechanical properties and explosive performance. The viscosity was improved from 9 to 3 kPoise, and the density by about 12 to 25% on the addition of W powder to the PBX formulations. The sensitivity to impact for the RDX/Wand HMX/W based PBX formulations was improved by 12 to 37%. The reinforcing effect of the W powder caused an increase in hardness (Shore A) by 16 to 45%. A decreasing trend in the velocity of detonation (VOD) was observed because of the replacement of the nitramine content (RDX/HMX) with W powder. The approximate detonation pressure of RDX/W/HTPB (65/20/15), roughly calculated by the Kamlet-Jacobs method, is better than the other tungsten based formulations investigated.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Fabrication and Characterization of PMMA/HMX-based Microcapsules via in situ Polymerization
Autorzy:: Jia, X.
Hou, C.
Tan, Y.
Wang, J.
Ye, B.
Tematy:: fabrication
characterization
HMX
PMMA
microcapsules; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358134.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Microcapsule technology was applied with nitramine explosives to improve their performance. Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) was selected for the fabrication of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX) based microcapsules. The PMMA/HMX-based microcapsules were prepared via a facile in situ polymerization of PMMA on the surface of the HMX crystals. Structural characterization of the PMMA/HMX microcapsules was studied systematically by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and their thermal durability as well as their mechanical sensitivities were measured. The results indicated that spherical microcapsules were formed, with PMMA as the capsule wall and HMX as the core material. The SEM results showed that the grains of the PMMA/HMX microcapsules were spherical and that the particle distribution was homogeneous. XRD and FT-IR analyses indicated that the HMX polymorph was preserved in the optimal β-form during the whole preparative process. The DSC results showed that the PMMA/HMX microcapsules had better thermal decomposition performance, and that the apparent activation energy of the microcapsules had increased by 47.3 kJ/mol compared to the recrystallized HMX, and its thermal stability had greatly improved. In addition, the drop height (H50) had increased from 30.45 cm to 58.49 cm, an increase of 65.81%. Thus, microcapsule technology will have a very wide range of applications in reducing the sensitivity of high energy materials in the future.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Synthesis of HMX via Nitrolysis of DPT Catalyzed by Acidic Ionic Liquids
Autorzy:: He, Z.
Luo, J.
Lu, Ch.
Xu, R.
Li, J.
Tematy:: DPT
HMX
nitrolysis
ionic liquid; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358495.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The direct nitrolysis of DPT to synthesize HMX with ionic liquids (ILs) as catalysts was investigated. The results showed that [Et3NH] HSO4 was the best catalyst among 18 ILs used and the yield of HMX was up to 61% against 45% without IL. The ILs could be effciently recovered by simple distillation and extraction after reaction without any apparent loss of catalytic activity even after 10 times recycling.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Insensitive HMX (Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) Nanocrystals Fabricated by High-Yield, Low-Cost Mechanical Milling
Autorzy:: Wang, Y.
Jiang, W.
Song, X.
Deng, G.
Li, F.
Tematy:: nanoexplosives
HMX
thermal decomposition
sensitivity; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358912.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: A mechanical approach had been adopted for fabricating HMX nanoparticles. This fabrication method avoided the recrystallization process and was different from the traditional methods employed to prepare nanoexplosives. In particular, the high yield and low cost increased the possibility of its industrial application. Specifcally, HMX particles, that had a mean size of 0.27 μm, were prepared by mechanical milling; a signifcant proportion of nano-HMX (<100 nm) were present and these were observed by TEM and SEM images. The thermal decomposition of HMX samples before and after pulverization was investigated by TG/DSC analysis. The results indicated that there was no obvious difference between the thermographs of raw and pulverized HMX. The HMX samples were investigated by friction, impact, and shock sensitivity tests. High safety was confrmed since pulverized HMX was far more insensitive than raw HMX; indeed the shock sensitivity of pulverized HMX was about 60 percent lower than that of raw HMX.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Effect of Different Polymeric Matrices on the Sensitivity and Performance of Interesting Cyclic Nitramines
Autorzy:: Elbeih, A.
Zeman, S.
Jungova, M.
Akstein, Z.
Tematy:: HNIW
BCHMX
RDX
HMX
sensitivity
performance; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358359.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Different polymeric matrices, based on butadiene-styrene rubber, polymethyl-methacrylate and silicone binders, were investigated for their ability to decrease the sensitivity of explosives to different mechanical stimuli. A series of plastic explosives based on four different nitramines, namely RDX (1,3,5-trinitro- 1,3,5-triazacyclohexane), β-HMX (β-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane), BCHMX (bicycloHMX, cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitro-octahydroimidazo-[4,5- d ]imidazole) and ε -HNIW (ε -2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane, ε-CL-20), bonded by the selected polymeric matrices were prepared. Sensitivity to impact of all of the plastic explosives prepared as well as of the pure explosives, was measured using the fall hammer test. Sensitivity to friction was determined using the BAM friction test. The performance was studied using the ballistic mortar test and the results were recorded relative to TNT (trinitrotoluene) as reference. By comparing the results of impact and friction sensitivities, it is obvious that the mechanism of transfer of the friction force to the reaction center of the nitramine molecule should be different from that of impact energy transfer. The silicone binder appeared to be the best polymer for decreasing the sensitivity of explosives. The results of the ballistic mortar proved that the performance of the plastic explosives prepared is affected by the type and weight percentage of the binder in each sample.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Combustion of Energetic Systems Based on HMX and Aluminum: Infuence of Particle Size and Mixing Technology
Autorzy:: Muravyev, N.
Frolov, Y.
Pivkina, A.
Monogarov, K.
Ivanov, D.
Meerov, D.
Fomenkov, I.
Tematy:: energetic systems
burning rate
HMX
aluminium; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358822.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: In this work the complex experimental investigation of the microstructure and burning parameters of HMX-monopropellant and 25%Al/75%HMX energetic systems was carried on with the particle size variation. Components, their mixtures, pressed samples, and the combustion products (agglomerates) collected from a burning surface by QPCB (quench particle collection bomb) technique were investigated. Two types of HMX particles: micro-sized (mHMX) and ultrafne (uHMX) and aluminium powders: micro- and ultra-sized (ALEXTM) were used. Morphology and particle size were examined by atomic-force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and BET-analysis. AFM analysis shows the ALEXTM average volume particle size is 180 nm. It was shown, that the monopropellant's burning rates of the micro- and ultra-sized HMX are almost identical in the pressure range 20-100 atm. Two mixing technologies to prepare Al/HMX compositions were used: (i) conventional "dry" mixing and (ii) "wet" technique with ultrasonic processing in diethyl ether. Applying of ultrasonic technique results in a burning rate increase up to 18% comparing to "dry" mixing (under pressure 60 atm). The highest combustion rate was determined for composition of mHMX/ALEXTM (porosity 13%). Infuence of component N. Muravyev et al. size and composition's microstructure on the burning rate of energetic systems is discussed and analyzed.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Investigation of the Properties of Polymer Bonded Explosives Based on 1,1-Diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) and 1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX)
Autorzy:: Chyłek, Z.
Jurkiewicz, R.
Tematy:: FOX-7
HMX
Poly(NIMMO)
plasticity
silicone; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358409.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The influence of polymeric matrices on the physical properties and stability of polymer bonded explosives based on FOX-7 (1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene) and HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane) was investigated. Samples of explosives were prepared with different polymeric additives e.g. nonylphenylpolyoxyethyleneglycol ethers (ROKAFENOL), silicone greases and poly(3-methyl-3-nitroxymethyloxetane) (Poly(NIMMO)). The mass ratio of polymeric matrices to explosives was determined experimentally in order to obtain plastic samples stable at room temperature. The most promising products were tested for sensitivity to mechanical and thermal stimuli. Determinations of the critical diameter and detonation velocity were also performed. The use of silicone grease in the mixture containing Poly(NIMMO) gave the most desirable results, that is to say a combination of high performance and high stability.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Statistical Optimization and Selective Separation of RDX and HMX Explosives by Using Binary Solvent Mixtures Containing Ethyl Acetate and Water
Autorzy:: Damiri, S.
Pouretedal, H. R.
Panahi, H.
Dris, A.
Tematy:: RDX and HMX
explosive
ethyl acetate
solubility
separation; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358250.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The present study introduces the application of a binary solvent of ethyl acetate and water for the selective separation of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). The effect of temperature and weight percent of ethyl acetate in water on the solubility of RDX and HMX over a temperature range of 273.15 K to 363.15 K and 70.0 wt.% to 100.0 wt.% ethyl acetate in water mixtures were modelled and optimized using a central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) in Minitab (ver. 16) software. Multiple regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the predicted results were in good agreement with the experimental data. The enthalpies of dissolution and mixing of the materials were determined experimentally from the solubility data. The experimental results showed that the solubility ratio of RDX to HMX can change 6.53- to 16.55-fold, indicating a much lower solubility of HMX in this binary solvent, for a relatively selective separation of RDX and HMX mixtures. Separation experiments under optimized conditions showed that 98.3% of the RDX impurity in HMX was recovered in the first precipitation with an HMX purity of > 99.5% as characterized by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Process Optimization and Characterization of an HMX/Viton Nanocomposite
Autorzy:: Shi, X.
Wang, C.
Wang, J.
Li, X.
An, C.
Ji, W.
Tematy:: HMX
spray drying
processing parameters
optimization
impact sensitivity
nanoparticles; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358667.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: HMX/Viton A nanocomposites were prepared by a spray drying process using different processing parameters, which included the dry gas inlet temperature, the air flow rate, and the solution feed flow rate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the nanocomposites. The effects of the processing parameters on the morphology of the samples were investigated and are discussed. The thermal decomposition behaviour and impact sensitivity of the raw HMX and HMX/Viton A nanocomposites were also measured and compared. Optimal morphology and dispersion of the coated samples was achieved when the dry gas inlet temperature and the air and solution feed flow rates were 55 °C, 660 L/h and 1.5 mL/min, respectively. Under these optimal processing conditions, the nanocomposites were spherical in shape, ranged from 0.2-2 μm in size, and were composed of many tiny particles of 50-100 nm in size. The crystal phase of the nanocomposites was the same as that of raw HMX. Compared with those of raw HMX, the melting point and impact sensitivity of the nanocomposites were lower and the thermal decomposition rate was slightly higher.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Two-electron reduction of nitroaromatic compounds by Enterobacter cloacae NAD(P)H nitroreductase: Description of quantitative structure-activity relationships.
Autorzy:: Nivinskas, Henrikas
Koder, Ronald
Anusevièius, Žilvinas
Šarlauskas, Jonas
Miller, Anne-Frances
Čenas, Narimantas
Tematy:: HMX
nitroreductase
explosive
TNT
electron transfer
tetryl
RDX
pentryl; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1044214.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Enterobacter cloacae NAD(P)H:nitroreductase catalyzes the reduction of a series of nitroaromatic compounds with steady-state bimolecular rate constants (kcat/Km) ranging from 104 M-1s-1 to 107 M-1s-1 , and oxidizing 2 moles NADH per mole mononitrocompound. Oxidation of excess NADH by polynitrobenzenes including explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-N-methylnitramine (tetryl), has been observed as a slower secondary process, accompanied by O2 consumption. This type of 'redox cycling' was not related to reactions of nitroaromatic anion-radicals, but was caused by the autoxidation of relatively stable reaction products. The logs kcat/Km of all the compounds examined exhibited parabolic dependence on their enthalpies of single-electron- or two-electron (hydride) reduction, obtained by quantum mechanical calculations. This type of quantitative structure-activity relationships shows that the reactivity of nitroaromatics towards E. cloacae nitroreductase depends mainly on their hydride accepting properties, but not on their particular structure, and does not exclude the possibility of multistep hydride transfer.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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