Temat: Ichthyosauria - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: First three-dimensional skull of the Middle Triassic mixosaurid ichthyosaur Phalarodon fraasi from Svalbard, Norway
Autorzy:: Roberts, Aubrey Jane
Engelschion, Victoria Sjøholt
Hurum, Jørn Harald
Tematy:: Mixosauridae
Mixosaurus
Phalarodon
Triassic
Spitsbergen
Svalbard
Ichthyosauria; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216270.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The marine Middle Triassic sediments of Svalbard are rich in fossiliferous material and are particularly well-known for marine reptile fossils. Here, we present a new specimen of the small-bodied mixosaurid ichthyosaur Phalarodon fraasi from the Botneheia Formation. PMO 235.393 is unusual in being the first three-dimensional mixosaurid skull recovered from this formation, allowing us to use computed tomography to reconstruct the obscured right side of the cranium, resulting in the first 3D model available for a mixosaurid ichthyosaur. Although separated into different slabs, the specimen preserves most of the dermatocranium as well as some partial post-cranial elements. In particular, the rostrum, external naris, dentition, quadrate and sclerotic ring are well-preserved. This methodology gave new insights into the adaptations this taxon has to durophagy, as well as a detailed look at the heterodont dentition present in PMO 235.393. After comparing with other Phalarodon specimens, it was clear that the maxillary heterodonty of this genus is a synapomorphy. As such this was added as a new character in our phylogenetic analysis, supporting the separation of Phalarodon and Mixosaurus.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: The completeness of the fossil record of plesiosaurs, marine reptiles from the Mesozoic
Autorzy:: TUTIN, SAMUEL L.
BUTLER, RICHARD J.
Tematy:: plesiosauria
ichthyosauria
diversity
macroevolution
sea level
jurassic
cretaceous; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/945627.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Plesiosaurs were a highly successful group of marine reptiles occurring worldwide in the Jurassic and Cretaceous, but to date few studies have focused on their preservation through time. Here, we conduct the first detailed assessment of the quality of the plesiosaur fossil record. Data was compiled for 178 specimens representing 114 valid species. For each species we calculated the character completeness metric (CCM: percentage of phylogenetic characters from a cladistic dataset that can be scored for that species) and the skeletal completeness metric (SCM: percentage of the overall skeleton that is preserved for that species). Average CCM and SCM values were calculated for individual geological stages. A strong significant positive correlation was recovered between CCM and SCM, suggesting that the two metrics are recording the same signal, at least for this clade. Although a significant correlation between changes in sea level and changes in plesiosaur completeness was not recovered, an underlying negative relationship may be present but obscured by poorly sampled time bins. Plesiosaur completeness though time is not significantly correlated with that for contemporary terrestrial groups (sauropods, pterosaurs, birds), but is significantly correlated with that for ichthyosaurs, suggesting common controls on skeletal preservation in the marine realm. Significantly higher median completeness values in plesiosaurs and ichthyosaurs than in contemporary terrestrial groups support the hypothesis that the marine tetrapod fossil record is more complete than that of terrestrial tetrapods. A collector’s curve for plesiosaurs shows a generally slow constant rate of discovery from the latter part of the 19th century until the 1990s, at which point the rate of discovery increased substantially and shows no sign of slowing. A significant but very weak negative correlation between SCM and the year in which a taxon was named suggests a weak tendency for more recently named species to have less complete skeletons.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: New findings reveal that the Middle Triassic ichthyosaur Mixosaurus cornalianus is the oldest amniote with a dorsal fin
Autorzy:: Renesto, S.
Dal Sasso, C.
Fogliazza, F.
Ragni, C.
Tematy:: Ichthyosauria
Mixosauridae
soft tissue preservation
functional morphology
Mesozoic
Italy; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082209.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Two excellently preserved specimens of Mixosaurus cornalianus from the Anisian layers of the Middle Triassic Formazione di Besano, with soft parts associated with well-articulated skeletal elements, revealed the presence in this species of a dorsal fin and of a well-developed, triangular dorsal lobe of the caudal fin, both stiffened by an array of fibre bundles, as in Jurassic fast-swimming ichthyosaurs. This finding testifies that efficient swimming exaptations were already present in some Middle Triassic ichthyosaurs. Mixosaurus is then the oldest amniote so far known that developed a dorsal fin. The preservation of the fin shapes, scaleless skin, and three-dimensional dermal fibres is remarkable, allowing observation of their microstructure, and ruling out any artefactual interpretation. Stomach contents indicate that both specimens preyed upon cephalopods and small fishes. An internal organ, possibly a tract of the intestine, is also preserved in one specimen, which represents the first documented case in the ichthyosaurs of the Besano Formation, and a rarity in the fossil record of the clade.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: A new ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur from the Late Jurassic of Owadow-Brzezinki Quarry, Poland
Autorzy:: TYBOROWSKI, DANIEL
Tematy:: ichthyosauria
ophthalmosauridae
late jurassic
poland
owadów-brzezinki quarry; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/945446.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: A new Late Jurassic ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur Cryopterygius kielanae sp. nov. is described from carbonate deposits of Owadów-Brzezinki Quarry, Central Poland, corresponding in age to the Agardhfjellet Formation (Tithonian, Middle Volgian) of the Svalbard Archipelago. The new species is represented by three-dimensionally preserved bones which display several features characteristic for Cryopterygius; including appendicular skeleton, pectoral girdle and perhaps neural arches. The morphology of the Polish form is distinct enough from Cryopterygius kristiansenae from the Svalbard Archipelago to warrant erection of a new species. The size of the bones of Cryopterygius kielanae sp. nov. indicates that this species was smaller than the type species. Its diagnostic anatomical features include a humerus with prominent and well developed dorsal process located in the middle of the dorsal surface of the bone, prominent deltopectoral crest, relatively broad femur and absence of the wide groove on the quadrate articular condyle. The discovery of a new ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur of the genus Cryopterygius in Poland suggests that the Owadów-Brzezinki area was a transition zone between the tropical Tethys Ocean and the Arctic basin during the Late Jurassic.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: On the largest Ichthyosaurus: a new specimen of Ichthyosaurus somersetensis containing an embryo
Autorzy:: LOMAX, DEAN R.
SACHS, SVEN
Tematy:: ichthyosauria
ichthyosaurus somersetensis
embryo
jurassic
hettangian
uk
somerset; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/945637.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: A formerly undescribed Ichthyosaurus specimen from the collection of the Niedersächsisches Landesmuseum (Lower Saxony State Museum) in Hannover, Germany, provides valuable new information. The skeleton was collected from the Lower Jurassic strata (lower Hettangian, Blue Lias Formation) of Doniford Bay, Somerset, UK. However, the specimen is a composite as almost the entire tail has been added and other parts are reconstructed. Regardless of the incomplete preservation, the estimated total length of this individual, based on the skull and precaudal length, is between 300 and 330 cm and it is thus the largest unequivocal example of the genus Ichthyosaurus. Cranial and postcranial characters, specifically from the maxilla, lacrimal, jugal, the humerus, and the ilium justify a referral to I. somersetensis. A fork-like shape of the proximal end of the ilium is unusual and has not been reported for any species of Ichthyosaurus. Likewise the presence of four elements in the third row of the hindfin, indicated by the presence of a bifurcation is novel for the species and has wider implications for the taxonomic utility of hindfins within the genus. The specimen also bears an embryo, which is only the third embryo known for Ichthyosaurus and the first to be positively identified to species level.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: New data on the ichthyosaur Platypterygius hercynicus and its implications for the validity of the genus
Autorzy:: Fischer, V.
Tematy:: ichthyosaur
Platypterygius hercynicus
validity
Ichthyosauria
Ophthalmosauridae
Cretaceous
France
paleontology; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21160.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The description of a nearly complete skull from the late Albian of northwestern France reveals previously unknown anatomical features of Platypterygius hercynicus, and of European Cretaceous ichthyosaurs in general. These include a wide frontal forming the anteromedial border of the supratemporal fenestra, a parietal excluded from the parietal foramen, and the likely presence of a squamosal, inferred from a very large and deep facet on the quadratojugal. The absence of a squamosal has been considered as an autapomorphy of the genus Platypterygius for more than ten years and has been applied to all known species by default, but the described specimen casts doubt on this putative autapomorphy. Actually, it is shown that all characters that have been proposed previously as autapomorphic for the genus Platypterygius are either not found in all the species currently referred to this genus, or are also present in other Ophthalmosauridae. Consequently, the genus Platypterygius must be completely revised.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: A highly articulated Early Jurassic ichthyosaur, Stenopterygius, from the historical collection of the Jagiellonian University, Poland
Autorzy:: Błażejowski, Błażej
Kajdas, Bartłomiej
Weryński, Łukasz
Szczygielski, Tomasz
Opis:: The Posidonia Shale Formation is one of the best-known examples of fossil Konservat-Lagerstätten in the world. One of the most characteristic taxa from this formation is the genus Stenopterygius, a medium-sized thunnosaurian ichthyosaur represented by numerous specimens which are very often articulated, featuring specimens exhibiting life activities such as live-birth or with preserved soft tissues. Herein, we describe an extremely well-preserved skeleton of Stenopterygius quadriscissus CEP-DG-7264-N, housed at the Nature Education Centre of the Jagiellonian University (NEC Kraków, Poland) and its remarkable story, which ultimately led this fossil to become the centrepiece of the NEC collection. The specimen, based on analysis of observed taphonomic distortions, is inferred to have landed post-mortem rostrum first onto the seafloor, causing a snout fracture and spine distortion. Associated belemnites (preserved as rostra) have been interpreted as possible gastrointestinal content, which has probably been displaced around the individual due to the expanding volume of gas buildup.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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