Temat: Member States - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Organy urzędowej kontroli żywności w Polsce
Official Bodies that Control Food in Poland – their Structure, Competence and Mandate
Autorzy:: Wojciechowski, Paweł
Tematy:: member states
inspection
legal acts
safety; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/416604.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The model of the official control of food, which covers the objectives, principles and competence of the bodies concerned, is regulated in the European law. The EU member states are obliged to appoint national bodies for official control of food. In the article, the structure of official control of food in Poland is presented. The author discusses the competence of five inspection bodies involved in official food control in Poland, indicating several problems stemming from the fact that their competence is regulated in various legal acts, issued due to their varying objectives and tasks, out of which protection of food safety or quality is, in most cases, only one of several activities. In the opinion of the author, the institutional solutions that are in force in Poland significantly impede the implementation of objectives of official food control set out in the European law.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: THE BASIC RELATIONS IN THE LABOUR MARKET IN THE EU-15 AND EU-13 MEMBER STATES. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT STRUCTURES AFTER 2004
Autorzy:: Martyna, Jędrzejczyk,
Tematy:: labour market
EU member states
employment
unemployment; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Kujawsko-Pomorska Szkoła Wyższa w Bydgoszczy
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/897981.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The aim of this study is to arrange the member states of the European Union in order of their labour market potential. The data used for research were provided by the European Statistical Office. Therefore, it was possible to provide reliable comparisons of individual countries. Based on the unemployment rate, the employment rate and other macroeconomic indicators, including GDP, the inflation rate, labour costs and amount of remuneration, a synthetic indicator was developed. Account was also taken of those elements of the economic environment of the labour market which theoretically demonstrate material interrelations with its structures. The results achieved prove the potential of the labour market, as well as its innovative and development abilities. The research is based on the Perkal synthetic index. The research findings were used to classify the member states of the European Union and to identify the countries with the highest and the lowest labour market potential.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Wspólna waluta euro a poziom inflacji w państwach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Common Currency and Inflation Level in the Central and Eastern Europe Countries
Autorzy:: Heller, Janusz
Warżała, Rafał
Kotliński, Kamil
Tematy:: Euro Currency
Inflation
New EU Member States; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/969396.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The aim of the article is to assess the impact of the euro adoption on the inflation level in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, i.e. Slovenia, Slovakia, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The hypothesis was adopted that the average price level increase - within the framework of the inflation targeting – is a fixed element of the monetary policy of all central banks, including the European Central Bank. If, after the introduction of a single currency, the rate of inflation is close to the inflation target, then the common monetary policy brings positive effects, and the excessive price increase is only an illusion. As a result of the review of the literature, as well as the analysis of statistical data, it was found that in some of the surveyed countries (Estonia and Slovenia), in the first years after the adoption of the single currency, the price rose above the ECB inflation target, however, this result cannot be attributed solely to the introduction of the single currency (euro). The occurring level of inflation, which is contained in the inflation target of the central bank is acceptable, because its impact on the conomy is positive. The discrepancy between perceived infl ation and its actual level in the new euro area member states may also result from the experience of countries in which – as a result of the price rounding effects – there was an increase in the prices of some consumer goods.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Multidimensional analysis of development of transport infrastructure and freight transport in the new EU member states
Autorzy:: Zimny, Artur
Zawieja-Żurowska, Karina
Wydawca:: Instytut Logistyki i Magazynowania
Opis:: Artur Zimny
The main purpose of this article is to establish and describe the development of transport infrastructure and freight transport in the new EU Member States making use of three multidimensional comparative analysis methods. Taking into account that transport is one of the most crucial factors contributing to economic development, it should be assumed that knowledge about diversity of transport system development in particular countries can become a starting point for economic optimization and therefore can be applicable while taking important strategic decisions. The outcomes of the research conducted by three independent methods such as development model of Z. Hellwig, standardized sums and ranks allow to arrive at the following conclusions. The best developed transport infrastructure can be observed in Slovenia, whereas transport of goods is relatively the highest in Estonia. The calculations which have been done also indicate that the proportion between the amount of freight transport and development of transport infrastructure is well-balanced in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Lithuania whereas in other states like Croatia (divergence in plus) and Latvia (divergence in minus) is unbalanced. Moreover, the results of the analysis allow to draw a conclusion that development of transport infrastructure depends mostly on the length of motorways, whereas disproportions with regard to goods transport are determined, above all, by size of rail freight and air freight.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Centrum Otwartej Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: User charges for road infrastructure in certain European Union member states
Autorzy:: Lewandowski, P.
Tematy:: infrastructure
transport
charges
EU Member States
regulations
roads; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/135551.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: New regulations enforced by the European Commission have greatly extended the possibilities to levy charges. The regulations include not only the TEN-T network, but also all motorways in Europe. The directive has given Member States the opportunity to charge heavy goods vehicles in a way to balance not only the costs of infrastructure but also those connected to noise and pollution caused by road traffic. The new provisions have enabled Member States to increase the charge during peak periods and to lower it in the off-peak hours in order to reduce traffic more effectively. The binding norms provide that the revenue from the charges should be destined to enhancing the stability of the transport section. The new rules provide a strong incentive to set aside new revenues from charging to finance certain types of transport projects. Poland has adapted very well to this new situation. The ever-increasing network of toll roads gives new opportunities for the development of transport. The increasing number of national and foreign hauliers guarantees constant investment in the development of road infrastructure and therefore a good use of the country’s geographical location.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Australia’s History and Background of Migration and Refugee Policies – Lessons for the EUand Its Member States?
Autorzy:: Marczuk, Karina Paulina
Tematy:: Australia
EU Member States
European Union
Immigration
refugee; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/419611.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: This paper explores Australia’s history and background of migration and refugee policies and examines the possibilities of applying the Australian solutions in the European Union. It has often been assumed that the history of Australia’s migration and refugee policies and the solutions it has applied are not relevant for the European Union (although they are suffi cient, albeit controversial, in the case of Australia). In order to verify this assumption, fi rst the origin and the current rules of Australia’s migration policy are presented and described, and then the determinants of immigration to Australia are indicated. Next, the overall state of relations between the EU, its Member States, and Australian immigration matters is explored. The main research questions posed in this text concern the key points of Australia’s immigration policies and its determinants, as well as the current state of the EU’s and its Member States’ relationship with Australia with respect to the refugee crisis and immigration. The paper ends by offering conclusions with respect to the above.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Economic impact of the EU Eastern enlargement on New Member States revisited: The role of economic institutions
Autorzy:: Hagemejer, Jan
Michałek, Jan
Svatko, Pavel
Tematy:: EU enlargement
New Member States
synthetic control method; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1964895.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The paper analyses the economic implications of the accession of New Member States (NMS) to the European Union (EU) in 2004 and 2007. The estimation effects of integration with the EU were carried out as a comparative case study using the synthetic control method (SCM) proposed by Abadie and Gardeazabal. Compared to previous studies analysing the effects of accession to the EU (Campos, Coricelli and Moretti), we check for the importance of the quality of economic institutions for the matching process of the analysed economies with their comparators. The results of the econometric analysis show a positive impact on the country performance 6 years and 12 years after accession to the EU. The gains from accession are large but not universal. For 5 of the 10 analysed countries the difference in levels of per capita gross domestic product (GDP) against the counterfactual is at least 30%.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Can Financialisation Counteract Banking Exclusion? A Study on the Example of the European Union Member States
Autorzy:: Florczak, Tomasz
Ziemba, Marika
Tematy:: financialization
banking exclusion
EU member states; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/60506102.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The purpose of the article is to assess the relationship between financialization and banking exclusion. The research hypothesis that financialization contributes to the reduction of financial exclusion was also verified. The research was based on an analysis of the variables describing financialization and banking exclusion of 27 European Union countries in the 2014–2021 period. The zero-unitarization method and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used. The results of the study indicate that a high degree of financialization is found in Croatia, Greece, Cyprus and Portugal. In contrast, the level of banking exclusion is the highest in Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands and Latvia. An examination of the correlation between the indicators for each year from research period is negative, but the research of correlations of the mentioned indicators for each country is not unambiguous. For some countries the relationship is negative, for other it is positive.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Impact of European structural and investment funds absorption on the regional development in the EU-12 (new member states)
Autorzy:: Vukašina, Martina
Kersan-Škabić, Ines
Orlić, Edvard
Tematy:: regional development
ESIFs
panel data analysis
new member states; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22443125.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Research background: European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) as the main instruments of cohesion policy (CP) in the EU, provide a broad source of financing opportunities for the EU member states. The biggest amount in the CP budget is oriented to convergence NUTS 2 regions that have GDP p.c. below 75% of the EU average. The new members of the EU (accessed in 2004 and 2007) had available 176.3 billion EUR in the period 2007?2013 and 217 billion EUR in the period 2014?2020. Even the absorption rate (in 2007?2013) of available ESIFs is high (above 90%), the real implications on their economies don?t come automatically and they represent the area for examination. Purpose of the article: The research aims to analyse the impact of ESIFs absorption in EU new member states in the period 2008?2016 on their GDP p.c. Methods: As the sample has time and cross-sectional dimension, the panel data in static and dynamic form is employed. The analysis covers the major part of the financial framework 2007?2013 and a part of financial perspective 2014?2020 (depending on the available data). Findings & value added: The results indicate that increase in ESIF p.c. for 1% will contribute to the GDP p.c. increase for 0.0053 to 0.0064 % (static model) and for 0.008% (dynamic model). Although the impact of ESIFs is significant and positive, it is quite (and unexpectedly) small, and consequently new EU member states should not rely too much on them as the source of economic progress. It is necessary that countries should focus on channeling funds into specific segments (sectors, policies) that will result in increased competitiveness of their economies. The contributions lie in creating GDP p.c. determination function; in including all new EU member states; in including more recent available data and by observing ESIFs as a part of growth model.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Analiza wpływu stosowanych form i wysokości współpłacenia na wartość konsumpcji leków w krajach Unii Europejskiej
Autorzy:: Woch, Piotr
Tematy:: cost-sharing, prescription-only pharmaceuticals, European Union member states; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/635185.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The analysis of relationships between the cost-sharing payments arrangements for prescription-only pharmaceuticals and the value of prescription-only pharmaceuticals consumptionThis paper analyzes patient cost-sharing arrangements for prescriptiononly pharmaceuticals in the 27 European Union (EU) member states. These arrangements are matched to the value of prescription-only pharmaceuticals consumption in these countries to search for relationships. Data are collected based on a literature review nd are analyzed using a combination of qualitative and quantitative research techniques. The results indicate no relationship between the cost-sharing payments arrangements for prescription-only pharmaceuticals and the value of prescription-only pharmaceuticals consumption. The lack of statistically significant results leads to conclusion that the potential implementation of the cost-sharing scheme for prescription-only pharmaceuticals can not base solely on the other countries experience. The different motivation for implementing the cost-sharing should be considered together with the following aspects: willingness to pay, potential effects on equity and detailed assessment of advantages and disadvantages of different pharmaceuticals usage.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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