Temat: Moral - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Moral Competence and Foundations of Moral Judgment. An Empirical Exploration of Concepts and New Possibilities for Understanding
Autorzy:: Popoveniuc, Bogdan
Tematy:: moral competence
moral judgment
moral intuitions
moral orientations
axiology; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1373884.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The present study examines the relation between the moral intuitions proposed by the ‘Moral Foundations Theory’ according to J. Haidt and the moral orientations in relation with moral competence, as described by the ‘Dual-Aspect Model of Moral Behaviour’ according to G. Lind. It is an empirical exploration of the relation between the five foundational domains (and/or the corresponding two higher-order clusters) and the moral orientations, as this results from the theoretical assumptions of both theories, and the influence on and of the moral competence on these aforementioned relations. The shared affective and, at the same time, habitual characteristics of moral intuitions and moral orientations, although based on different theories (intuitionism, respectively, cognitivism) should converge in a dynamic relationship. The basic motivation is the need to overcome the affective-cognitive disjunction in the study of moral judgment, which is artificial. The human (moral) reasoning is always a situated and situating one, in a symbolic narrative universe, in which the cognitive-affective dichotomy forms a dynamic unity. This overstated dichotomy is only a methodological necessity, but unfortunately hypostasized in an explanatory mechanism that leads to the impermissible simplification of the phenomenon that it seeks to understand. The empirical results confirm the limits of both cognitive and intuitions paradigms and advocates for a more nuanced and dynamic approach in understanding the moral judgment within a more comprehensive conception on human personality. Finally, the implications for the contemporary psychology’ paradigm are discussed.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: The Impact of the Moral Foundations Arguments on Early Adolescents
Autorzy:: Stastna, Kamila
Tematy:: Moral Foundations Theory
moral judgment
moral competence
moral foundations argument
gender
moral development; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1373820.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The empirical research reported in this article is based on the Moral Foundations Theory proposed by J. Haidt. Objectives. The author examines the impact of moral foundations arguments on early adolescents’ moral judgments regarding violating moral rules and explores gender-related differences between moral foundations preferences. Method. The effect of moral foundations arguments was measured by a newly developed meta-ethical position test (MEPT). The MEPT consists of a pretest questionnaire, treatment by moral foundations arguments, and a posttest questionnaire. The sample contained 178 early adolescents from the Czech Republic (84 females and 94 males). The influence of the moral foundations arguments was analyzed by comparing the pretest with the posttest. Results. 91% of teenagers changed their moral judgment due to confrontations with the moral foundations arguments. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test found that the moral foundations arguments were significantly relevant, since the P-value was lower than 0.001. The Mann-Whitney U test revealed the importance of the gender aspect: P-value care equals 0.01 and liberty 0.01. Girls have a preference for care foundation (21% more than boys), while boys tended to liberty (27 % more than girls). It seems that moral foundations arguments strongly change early adolescents’ moral judgments and can be practically applied as a valuable platform for early adolescents’ moral development.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Judgment of the morality of an individual responsible for a fatal workplace accident involving subordinates
Autorzy:: Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola
Dobrowolska, Małgorzata
Tematy:: moral incoherence
moral coherence
moral judgments
moral psychology
morality
mining; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2162472.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Background The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis that additional information about the perpetrator responsible for the death of subordinates at the workplace may influence the assessment of morality. The article contains the results of an empirical study conducted among young adult working Silesians (N = 262), who were asked to evaluate the morality of the person responsible for the decision, in line with which miners had started working on 6th October 2014. On that day miners died following an explosion in the “Mysłowice-Wesoła” methane mine in the Polish Silesia region. Material and Methods The study explored the stories’ method (from the moral psychology domain) as well as a short questionnaire. The respondents received information about the behavior of the perpetrator as well as emotions (socially desirable and undesirable) and (socially desirable and undesirable) views in the form of brief descriptions (stories). They were asked to evaluate the perpetrator’s morality. Results The socially desirable views of the evaluated perpetrator (lack of acceptance for the situation) and the socially desirable emotions (guilt) significantly increased the level of morality according to participants. A single piece of information about the socially desirable emotions didn’t significantly increase the perceived level of perpetrator’s morality; neither did a single piece of information about socially desirable views. Conclusions Results indicate the important role of additional information about emotions and views of the perpetrator in the process of assessing morality. It is worthwhile to implement the practical implications of this study in similar crisis situations at the workplace. Med Pr 2018;69(3):261–267
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Ethic Evolution and Moral Creativization of Man
Autorzy:: Żilinek, Martin
Tematy:: European culture
values
values process
morality
ethic evolution
moral system
moral education
moral decision-making
moral consciousness
moral responsibility; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/51629050.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The study works out two basic level of the axiological ethic and moral education. Every society is based on a kind of value model. In order to understand it one should understand its basic value, it is value paradigm. This is the platform for the development of the individual's moral-identity-formation process. I have concentrated on those parts of this process which are significant and relevant in the context of European culture.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Lipman i Kołakowski: wychowawcze przesłanie ich koncepcji etycznych
Autorzy:: Aldona, Pobojewska,
Tematy:: moral norms
competences of the moral subject
moral education; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/892351.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Already at the preliminary stage of the analysis the convergence of the ethical positions of the M. Lipman’s “Philosophy for Children” educational program and the views presented by Leszek Kołakowski in the essay “Ethics without Codex” is visible. The common, dominant feature of both of them is the rejection in the moral conduct of an attitude characterised by the desire to have a moral code, whereas they justify their anti-code stance in mostly the same way. The author briefly sketches these arguments and present the requirements that a moral subject who does not follow the code must fulfil. Finally, the author of the article indicates the character of moral education postulated by both authors considered here.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Postawy wobec osób starszych w kontekście kodów moralnych i moralnego dystansowania się
Autorzy:: Banout, Marta
Naczyński, Michał
Pyszkowska, Anna
Tematy:: ageism
moral foundations
moral distancing; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2157764.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: 21st century is the age of ageism as elderly people tend to suffer from isolation and discrimination. The study was exploratory and conducted to verify the relationships between moral foundations, moral distancing (mechanism of one’s engagement in unethical behavior) and attitudes towards the elderly. It involved 302 subjects (208 women) from Poland, aged 12-58 (M=25,51; SD=9,35). The research revealed that moral distancing correlates negatively with foundations linked with caring and fairness, as well as with overall positive attitude towards older people. Only sanctity foundation correlates positively with contact frequency, probably as a result of religious/ethical orders. In the future, it is proposed to carry out a similar research, using implicit attitudes tests, as obtained results were as burdened with disturbance variable in the form of social approval.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: The strength of emotions in moral judgment and decision-making under risk
Autorzy:: Tyszka, Tadeusz
Zaleskiewicz, Tomasz
Tematy:: moral judgment
moral choice
moral emotions
judgment and choice under risk; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430719.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The focus of this paper is the role of emotions in judgments and choices associated with moral issues. Study 1 shows that depending on the strength of emotions when making a moral decision, people become sensitive to the severity and the probability of harm that their decisions can bring to others. A possible interpretation is that depending on the strength of emotions, people in their moral judgments choose to be either utilitarian or deontologist. In Study 2, following the priority heuristic model, we found that in situations in which the violation of moral norms does not evoke strong negative emotions, people are sensitive to quantitative risk parameters (probabilities and outcomes), and the decision-making process requires a relatively longer time. In moral situations in which a violation of the moral norm evokes strong emotions, decision-making is based on arguments other than quantitative risk parameters, and the process takes a shorter time.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: A Commentary Reflection of Moral Psychology Based on Embodied Cognition
Autorzy:: Yang, Shaogang
Tematy:: moral judgment
embodied cognition
moral competence; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/781263.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The rise of embodied cognition in recent ten years has brought about significant influence on the research of moral psychology. On the one hand, the development of neuro-cognitive science has facilitated the research of morality deeply into the mirror neurons of brain, no longer being limited simply on the philosophical speculation; and on the other hand the experimental research of embodied cognition has provided new evidence for some traditional and philosophical moral issues and even made some new recognition of the issues which are different from the traditional interpretations. Tracing back to the research of the Western moral psychology, we find that cognitive rationality and virtual ethics are the two main research lines for moral psychology.（1）J. Piaget and L. Kohlberg opened a way for the research of cognitive development of morality, and their successors have formed new Kohlbergian School, such as the moral judgment theory based on DIT proposed by J. Rest and his colleagues, G. Lind’s dual-aspect theory based on his MCT and KMDD®; the social cognitive domain theory proposed by E. Turiel and his colleagues; the feminine caring ethics advocated by C. Gilligan and N. Noddings; the Social Intuitionist Theory proposed by J. Haidt based on evolutionary psychology, cultural psychology and neuro-cognitive science and so on. (2) The traditional moral philosophy and ethics have opened another way to the research of character education and virtues, such as the American movement of character education facilitated by W, Bennett and T. Lickona and others; the argument between J. Rawls and R. Nozick on moral problems; A. C. MacIntyre’s moral critique to the Western societies and his virtue ethics and so on. Since 21st century the research of embodied cognition has broken through the limitation of the traditional research on moral psychology, attempting to realize the new synthesis of intellect, human body and its environment, and therefore started the embodied research of moral judgment which is unfolded around the three dimensions of physical cleanliness, disgust, body temperature and body movements. I has also assimilated Piaget and Vygotsky’s ideas of psychological development, the theory of conceptual metaphor in cognitive semantics and the theory of evolutionary psychology, and made its theoretical interpretation and exploration for the embodied effect of moral judgment. Since the variable of physical body could have its influence on individual moral judgment by means of one’s emotion and cognitive elements, the moral judgment based on embodied cognition should be integrated with the theories of moral judgment, especially with moral competencies that are the core of moral judgment, and meanwhile the relationship between the embodied cognition and moral intuition should be deeply explored, and the issues such as chronergy, that is, time efficiency, and dynamics taken place when there is the embodied effect should be further examined, the regulated variables of embodied effects while making moral judgment and the individual differences should also be found out through detailed research. And finally we should check out the embodied effects of moral judgment through the cross-cultural comparison.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Moral orientation from the psychological perspective − an aspect of moral reasoning
Autorzy:: Babinčák, Peter
Križalkovičová, Dominika
Ráczová, Beáta
Tematy:: moral orientation
moral reasoning
psychological perspective; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2148577.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The issue of morality does not represent a dominant topic of the current psychological research, although the interest of predominantly social psychologist in understanding the processes that are behind reasoning of people with respect to moral issues and explaining moral or immoral behaviour can not be denied. The submitted study presents a brief introduction of basic psychological concepts dealing with morality emphasizing the specific notion of moral orientation. The orientation to justice or to care when solving moral dilemmas is known in literature under the term the moral orientation. Gilligan can see the cause of differences in moral orientation in gender differences acquired during the process of socialization. A psychological approach provides many useful explanation of how thinking of people with respect to moral issues is pursued. The actual psychology of morality is mainly based on cognitivistic theories coming out of conceptions of Piaget and Kohlberg. They interconnected approaches isolated and focused on intentions by that time and emphasized importance of a constitutional conditioning of moral judgment. The attention was aimed to judgment processes having an adequate level of cognitive development as an indispensable (even if not sufficient) condition. An important contribution of cognitivists is based also on a rich professional discussion that they invoked. Supporters of cognitivistic scheme “neo-kohlbergians” or its criticisers revise and amend the basic Kohlberg`s model in such aspects as relativizing of a primary role of cognitions as a sole aspect of the moral decision making, emphasize the significance of concept, situations, type of solved dilemma, influence of conventions, point out the differences in solving hypothetical dilemmas and dilemmas of everyday life etc.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Moral orientation from the psychological perspective -- an aspect of moral reasoning
Autorzy:: Babinčák, Peter
Križalkovičová, Dominika
Ráczová, Beáta
Tematy:: moral orientation
moral reasoning
psychological perspective; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2141797.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The issue of morality does not represent a dominant topic of the current psychological research, although the interest of predominantly social psychologist in understanding the processes that are behind reasoning of people with respect to moral issues and explaining moral or immoral behaviour can not be denied. The submitted study presents a brief introduction of basic psychological concepts dealing with morality emphasizing the specific notion of moral orientation. The orientation to justice or to care when solving moral dilemmas is known in literature under the term the moral orientation. Gilligan can see the cause of differences in moral orientation in gender differences acquired during the process of socialization. A psychological approach provides many useful explanation of how thinking of people with respect to moral issues is pursued. The actual psychology of morality is mainly based on cognitivistic theories coming out of conceptions of Piaget and Kohlberg. They interconnected approaches isolated and focused on intentions by that time and emphasized importance of a constitutional conditioning of moral judgment. The attention was aimed to judgment processes having an adequate level of cognitive development as an indispensable (even if not sufficient) condition. An important contribution of cognitivists is based also on a rich professional discussion that they invoked. Supporters of cognitivistic scheme “neokohlbergians” or its criticisers revise and amend the basic Kohlberg`s model in such aspects as relativizing of a primary role of cognitions as a sole aspect of the moral decision making, emphasize the significance of concept, situations, type of solved dilemma, influence of conventions, point out the differences in solving hypothetical dilemmas and dilemmas of everyday life etc.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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