Temat: Nitrogen Fixation - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Effects of Rhizobium, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers on Growth, Nodulation, Yield and Yield Attributes of Soybean at Pawe Northwestern Ethiopia
Autorzy:: Tarekegn, Masresha Abitew
Kibret, Kibebew
Tematy:: Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Fertilizers
Nitrogen Fixation; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178676.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Owing to the rising costs of chemical fertilizers and the growing environmental concerns, there is an ever increasing interest in the role of soil microorganisms in crop nutrition and soil fertility restoration. A field study was therefore conducted at Pawe Agricultural Research Center during 2010 main cropping season to determine the influence of Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation and N and P fertilizers application on nodulation, yield and yield attributes of soybean. Three levels of N (0, 11.5 and 23 kg N ha-1); three levels of P (0, 23 and 46 kg P2O5 ha-1) with two levels of Rhizobium were arranged in RCBD in factorial combinations with three replications. Nodule number, nodule fresh and dry weights, plant height, number of pods and seeds per plant, 100 seeds weight and grain yield responded significantly to the interaction effects of B. japonicum inoculation and application of N and P fertilizers but nodule volume, seed and biomass yields, and harvest index were significantly affected by the main effects of any one or more of the factors and interaction of any two of the factors. The maximum numbers of nodules of 80.26, fresh and dry weights of 3.77 and 0.99 gm./plant respectively; were measured by combined effect of 11.5 kg N/ha, 46 kg P2O5/ha and B. japonicum. Similarly the highest nodule volume of 3.53 and 3.27 ml/plant were measured after applications of 46 kg P2O5/ha with B. japonicum and with 11.5 kg N/ha respectively. The highest plant heights of 79.26 cm followed by 76.94 cm were measured by application of 46 kg P2O5/ha with B. japonicum and 46 kg P2O5/ha itself respectively. Seed yield significantly increased to 11.91 gm /plant and 15.97 gm /plant following application of B. japonicum alone and 46 kg P2O5/ha with B. japonicum respectively. Applied 23 kg/ha brought the highest plant biomass of 27.25 gm/plant. Inoculation with 46 kg P2O5/ha and the combined effects of 11.5 kg N/ha, 46 kg P2O5/ha and B. japonicum resulted 73.93 and 80.66 number of pods per plant respectively. The maximum 100.60 numbers of seeds per plant were counted during inoculation of B. japonicum with 46 kg P2O5/ha. The maximum 100-seed weight of 16.96 gm and grain yield of 3151.88 kg/ha were produced by combined application of 11.5 kg N/ha, 46 kg P2O5/ha and B. japonicum. Each nodule attributes were significantly and positively correlated each other and with each yield and yield attributes. The results showed that growth and yield potential of soybean and an increase N2 fixing can be achieved by using B. japonicum and P fertilizer with reduced level of N as starter fertilizer.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: High-resolution structure of NodZ fucosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of the nodulation factor
Autorzy:: Brzezinski, Krzysztof
Stepkowski, Tomasz
Panjikar, Santosh
Bujacz, Grzegorz
Jaskolski, Mariusz
Tematy:: nitrogen fixation
glycosyltransferase
nodulation
NodZ
fucosyltransferase; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1040936.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The fucosyltransferase NodZ is involved in the biosynthesis of the nodulation factor in nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacteria. It catalyzes α1,6 transfer of l-fucose from GDP-fucose to the reducing residue of the synthesized Nod oligosaccharide. We present the structure of the NodZ protein from Bradyrhizobium expressed in Escherichia coli and crystallized in the presence of phosphate ions in two crystal forms. The enzyme is arranged into two domains of nearly equal size. Although NodZ falls in one broad class (GT-B) with other two-domain glycosyltransferases, the topology of its domains deviates from the canonical Rossmann fold, with particularly high distortions in the N-terminal domain. Mutational data combined with structural and sequence alignments indicate residues of potential importance in GDP-fucose binding or in the catalytic mechanism. They are all clustered in three conserved sequence motifs located in the C-terminal domain.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Translational and structural analysis of the shortest legume ENOD40 gene in Lupinus luteus
Autorzy:: Podkowinski, Jan
Zmienko, Agnieszka
Florek, Blazena
Wojciechowski, Pawel
Rybarczyk, Agnieszka
Wrzesinski, Jan
Ciesiolka, Jerzy
Blazewicz, Jacek
Kondorosi, Adam
Crespi, Martin
Legocki, Andrzej
Tematy:: nitrogen fixation
transcript structure
ENOD40
phylogeny; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1040638.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Two early nodulin 40 (enod40) genes, ENOD40-1, the shortest legume ENOD40 gene, and ENOD40-2, were isolated from Lupinus luteus, a legume with indeterminate nodules. Both genes were expressed at similar levels during symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. ENOD40 phylogeny clustered the L. luteus genes with legumes forming determinate nodules and revealed peptide similarities. The ENOD40-1 small ORF A fused to a reporter gene was efficiently expressed in plant cells, indicating that the start codon is recognized for translation. The ENOD40-1 RNA structure predicted based on Pb(II)-induced cleavage and modeling revealed four structurally conserved domains, an absence of domain 4 characteristic for legumes of indeterminate nodules, and interactions between the conserved region I and a region located upstream of domain 6. Domain 2 contains Mg(II) ion binding sites essential for organizing RNA secondary structure. The differences between L. luteus and Glycine max ENOD40 RNA models suggest the possibility of a switch between two structural states of ENOD40 transcript.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Adverse effects of different humic+fulvic acid levels on biological nitrogen fixation on groundnut
Autorzy:: Kirac, G.
Coskan, A.
Tematy:: biological nitrogen fixation
peanut
humic+fulvic acid
HFA; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101392.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Nitrogen is one of the key components of plant production and the nitrogen requirement of the plant supplied either by mineral nitrogen applications or by biological nitrogen fixation. Although the atmosphere contain huge amount of N2, plants are not able to use that as a nitrogen source. Immediately usable forms of nitrogen are nitrate (NO3-) or ammonium (NH4+). The bonds between two nitrogen atoms are quite strong thus, reducing N2 gas to mineral nitrogen forms needs considerable high amount of energy. However, in biological life, microorganisms may convert N2 to mineral nitrogen sources in ambient temperature and pressure; therefore, biological nitrogen fixation is both environmental friendly and sustainable. Industrial nitrogen fixation and mineral fertilization leads both environmental pollution and economic impact. In this research, the effects of humic+fulvic acid (HFA) on nitrogen fixation were evaluated. For this purpose, a pot experiment in controlled environment was carried out. Peanut seeds were sawn in the hole prepared after dual application of HFA doses and rhizobium bacteria. Two times sampling was realized, one in the flowering and the other in harvest time. Results revealed that HFA application was effective on biologic nitrogen fixation; however, increasing HFA doses were adversely influenced determined parameters. Due to the soybean was cultivated as a forecrop at the field where the experimental soil is collected, nodulation was observed even at non-inoculated pots. Nevertheless, the higher values obtained from inoculated plants. Based on the results presented in the paper, HFA was positively effective on a number of parameters evaluated, yet the lower doses should be recommended.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Factors determining the occurrence and number of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter in the soil environment
Autorzy:: Kozieł, Monika
Tematy:: soil properties
pH
Azotobacter spp.
atmospheric nitrogen fixation; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26917707.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Bacteria belonging to the genus Azotobacter are microorganisms commonly found in various soils all over the world and capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. The biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) process annually supplies approximately140–170 million tons of this element to the nitrogen cycle, which is of great importance from an ecological and practical point of view. Although the efficiency of atmospheric nitrogen fixation by Azotobacter spp. is relatively high and amounts to 20 mg N per1 g of glucose used, these bacteria are sensitive to various environmental factors, including soil reaction, contents of organic matter, soil humidity or nutrient content, and their abundance in soils is small. These bacteria secrete numerous biologically active substances into the soil environment, which have a beneficial effect on the development of plants, which from the ecological point of view plays an important role in the functioning of agricultural ecosystems. An additional advantage of bacteria belonging to the genus Azotobacter, which speaks for their use in agriculture, is the ability to produce antifungal and solubilization of insoluble phosphates. Research on Azotobacter spp. proves that the concentration of hydrogen ions (pH) is a significant factor which determines the presence of this group of bacteria in the soil environment. Many other soil properties have a large impact on the presence and development of this important agricultural group of bacteria. The aim of the work was to systematize the knowledge on the known occurrence conditions and ecological relationships and interactions between environmental factors and the presence and abundance of Azotobacter bacteria in soils.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Impact of Microorganisms on Climate Change: A Review
Autorzy:: Mangodo, C.
Adeyemi, T. O. A.
Bakpolor, V. R.
Adegboyega, D. A.
Tematy:: Biosphere reserves
Carbon cycle
Climate Change
Microorganism
Nitrogen fixation; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1031549.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Biosphere Reserves all over the world are areas that are deliberately and purposely kept to promote green economy and most importantly mitigate the effect of Global warming and climate change. The problems of climate change arise from the higher concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere which exert a warming effect on the earth. Control of anthropogenic sources and greenhouse gases are constantly discussed and extensively researched in this matter, while the significance of microorganisms remained neglected. Although microorganisms has a contributory effect in global warming as in the case of methanogenes in the rumen of ruminants which has been implicated to increase the environmental methane gases during digestion, the role they play in converting greenhouse gas to useable form in the soil and water hence, reducing global warming cannot be over emphasized. The current review aimed to stress the neglected global importance of microorganisms in climate change. Overall, this review further support the key role biosphere reserves play in protecting soil and plant microorganisms in response to climate change control.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Mikrobiologiczne przemiany azotu glebowego
Microbiological transformations of soil nitrogen
Autorzy:: Paśmionka, Iwona
Tematy:: nitrogen fixation
nitrogen cycle
soil microorganisms
azot
gleba
mikroorganizmy
przemiany azotu; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Przyrodników im. Kopernika
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1034142.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Azot jest jednym z najważniejszych pierwiastków biogennych. Jest niezbędny do prawidłowego wzrostu i funkcjonowania wszystkich organizmów. Pierwiastek ten występuje w glebie w wielu formach i jest bardzo aktywny. Ulega przemianom z jednych form chemicznych w inne. Mikroorganizmy odgrywają ważną rolę w przemianach azotu.
Główne procesy składające się na cykl azotu to: wiązanie, amonifikacja, nitryfikacja i denitryfikacja. Wiązanie azotu atmosferycznego jest ważnym źródłem biologicznie dostępnego azotu w biosferze, amonifikacja to redukcja związków organicznych do amoniaku, nitryfikacja to dwuetapowy proces utleniania amoniaku do azotanów, a denitryfikacja to redukcja azotanów do azotu gazowego.
Intensywność mikrobiologicznych procesów w glebie zależy m.in. od typu gleby, wilgotności, natlenienia, roślinności, nawożenia. Odczyn również wywiera wpływ na przemiany azotu w glebie. Większość gatunków mikroorganizmów optymalnie wzrasta w odczynie obojętnym. W kwaśnych glebach aktywność mikroorganizmów i intensywność procesów jest hamowana.
Nitrogen is one of the most important biogenic compounds, indispensable for growth and functioning of all the organisms. This chemical element exist in soil in many forms, some of which are very active. Microorganisms play an important role in the nitrogen cycle. Main processes involved in the nitrogen cycle consists of nitrogen fixation, ammonification (reduction of organic compounds to ammonia), nitrification (two-step process of oxidation of ammonium to nitrate) and denitrification (conversion of nitrate to gaseous nitrogen). Nitrogen fixation is the most important source of biologically available nitrogen in the biosphere.
The intensity of microbial processes in soil depends on type of soil, its humidity, oxygenation, kind of vegetation and fertilization. Acidity of soil also exerts influence on the nitrogen cycle. For most microbial species, their growth is optimal in neutral conditions. In acid soils activity of microorganism is inhibited.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Effects of different soil water content on biological nitrogen fixation at soybean
Autorzy:: Coskan, A.
Oz, H.
Atilgan, A.
Tematy:: soil water content
biological nitrogen fixation
soybean
nitrogen source
atmosphere
root nitrogen content; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/61204.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the process that provides organic nitrogenous compounds to the plants by using molecular nitrogen in atmosphere. Higher plants are not capable to use molecular nitrogen in atmosphere as a nitrogen source to generate essential proteins. Therefore plants either should be fertilized by adequate nitrogenous fertilizers or the microorganisms which are capable to produce nitrogenase should provide nitrogen to the plants by BNF. From among a number of factors affecting BNF, soil moisture content and ambient temperatures are considerably effective on the fixation rate. Therefore the global warming would be dramatically defective on BNF, thus effects of soil moisture as well as soil and ambient temperatures on BNF should evaluate prior rising temperature. A pot experiment was carried out to determine the effects of soil water contents on BNF. Four different soil water contents (%25, %50, %75 and %100 of water holding capacity) were adjusted either every 3 days or just after plants indicate wilting point. Non-inoculated pots were added to experiment as a control. The results revealed that BNF is affected by different level of soil water content. The mechanism of this effect would not be the direct effect of water, but the side effect of water on soil oxygen content; therefore, an aeration capability.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Nitrogen-Fixing Capacity of Soybean Varieties Depending on Seed Inoculation and Foliar Fertilization with Biopreparations
Autorzy:: Korobko, Alina
Kravets, Ruslan
Mazur, Oleksandr
Mazur, Olena
Shevchenko, Natalia
Tematy:: soybean
number of nodules
weight of nodules
nitrogen fixation
symbiotic potential
nitrogen; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59114446.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The article reveals the role of soybean varieties and the value of their crops, capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen and being a favorable predecessor in modern crop rotations, the importance of optimizing organo-mineral nutrition, seed treatment with nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-mobilizing bacteria for improving the nitrogen-fixing capacity of soybean varieties. Development of the technology of growing soybeans with environmentally friendly elements requires scientific substantiation and adaptation to the soil and climatic conditions of a particular growing zone, as well as the research of their impact on the varietal characteristics of a crop. The research outcomes conf irmed the maximum formation of the symbiotic apparatus indicators: the number and weight of soybean nodules and their intensive functioning with the formation of the highest indicators of the total and active symbiotic potential as well as the amount of biologically fixed nitrogen, it is necessary to jointly inoculate seeds with Rizoline and double application of chelated microfertilizers at microstage BBCH 12-13: Organic Balance+Azotophyte+Helprost Soybean+Liposam and at microstage BBCH 61-69: Organic Balance+Azotophyte+Helprost Boron+Liposam. At the same time, the total number of soybean nodules was formed in the Samorodok variety−50.3, of which 36.0 pcs./plant were active, in the Amadeus variety–55.6 and 40.0 pcs./plant. The total and active weight of soybean nodules in the Samorodok variety made up 515 and 399 mg/plant, and in the Amadeus variety–586 and 454 mg/plant. Indicators of total and active symbiotic potential were 31.2 and 21.6 thousand kg/day per ha in the Samorodok variety, as for the Amadeus variety–36.5 and 25.5 thousand kg/day per ha and biologically fixed nitrogen in the Samorodok variety–119.0 kg/ha, in the Amadeus variety-140.1 kg.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Nitrate reductase activity in chosen mosses: a case of study in skalny colliery waste tip
Aktywność reduktazy azotanowej u wybranych mchów na przykładzie hałdy powęglowej skalny
Autorzy:: Krywult, M.
Salachna, A.
Chmura, D.
Żarnowiec, J.
Tematy:: bryophytes
nitrogen fixation
environmental pollution
mszaki
wiązanie azotu
zanieczyszczenie środowiska; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/106622.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Two species of mosses in relation to nitrogen metabolism were examined. This subject is little known in this group of plant. Investigations of nitrate reductase activity in green tissues of Brachythecium rutabulum (Hedw.) Schimp. and Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P.Beauv. were performed. The study was conducted in two localities: heavy contaminated waste tip Skalny located in Upper Silesia, and Blonia City Park in Bielsko-Biala which place was chosen as a control area. For both species high activity of the enzyme was detected. The nitrate reductase activity varied between 99 to 9093 nmol per g dry mass per hour for B. rutabulum and 265 to 5135 nmol per g d.m. per hour of nitrite synthesized for A. undulatum respectively on Skalny waste tip. In the control area the results varied between 747 to 1077 for B. rutabulum and 171 to 518 nmol per g d.m. per hour of nitrite synthesized for A. undulatum, respectively. The differences were statistically significant only between the two species but not between habitats probably due to high dispersion and small amount of replications. The levels of nitrate and nitrite in stream water in both areas were also measured. In the Skalny waste tip there were high and reached 1.66 mg dm-3 of nitrite and 65 mg dm-3 of nitrate, respectively. In the control area these amounts were lower and reach zero level for nitrite and 4.5 mg dm-3 of nitrate, respectively.
Dwa gatunki mchów badano pod kątem asymilacji azotu. To zagadnienie jest mało poznane u tej grupy roślin. Przeprowadzono badania aktywności reduktazy azotanowej w zielonych tkankach Brachythecium rutabulum (Hedw.) Schimp. i Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P.Beauv. Badania zostały wykonane w dwóch miejscach: na hałdzie powęglowej Skalny na Górnym Śląsku i w parku w dzielnicy Błonia w Bielsku-Białej, które zostało wybrane jako miejsce kontrolne. Dla obu gatunków stwierdzono wysoką aktywność enzymu. Aktywność reduktazy azotanowej wahała się od 99 do 9093 nmol na g suchej masy na godzinę dla B. rutabulum i 265 do 5135 nmol na g suchej masy na godzinę azotynu syntetyzowanego u A. undulatum na hałdzie Skalny. W miejscu kontrolnym wyniki wahały się od 747 do 1077 dla B. rutabulum i 171 do 518 nmol na g sm/h u A. undulatum. Różnice były statystycznie znaczące tylko pomiędzy gatunkami, ale nie pomiędzy typem siedliska prawdopodobnie ze względu na wysoką dyspersję i małą liczbę powtórzeń. Zmierzono także poziom azotanów i azotynów w strumieniu wody w obu miejscach. Na hałdzie Skalny zawartość była wysoka i osiągnęła odpowiednio: 1,66 mg dm-3 azotynu oraz 65 mg dm-3 azotanu. W miejscu kontrolnym wartości te były niższe i osiągnęły odpowiednio poziom zerowy dla azotynów i 4,5 mg dm-3 dla azotanu.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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