Temat: Pearson's correlation

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: The Interdependence of Organic and Biogenic Pollutants Concentrations in the Aspect of their Susceptibility to Biodegradation – A Case Study
Autorzy:: Bugajski, Piotr Michał
Pawełek, Jan
Jóźwiakowska, Karolina
Tematy:: wastewater
biodegradability
mechanical treatment
Pearson's correlation; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839603.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The aim of the research was to determine, the interdependence between COD and such parameters as: BOD5, TN and TP in raw wastewater and in mechanically treated wastewater using statistical methods, which would allow estimating the values of these parameters based on COD. Moreover, the aim of the study was to determine the susceptibility of wastewater before and after mechanical treatment to decomposition of organic and biogenic pollutants. The research was conducted from 2006 to 2015 in a collective wastewater treatment plant in Nowy Sącz. During the research period, 120 samples of raw and mechanically treated wastewater were collected and analyzed once a month. In the analytical part of the research, the quality of sewage was characterized, the strength of correlation of the examined indicators was determined and the susceptibility of sewage to biological decomposition was assessed. On the basis of the analysis it was found that knowing the value of the COD parameter it is possible to determine the values of the other indicators, i.e. BOD5, TN and TP. Moreover, it was shown that wastewater is largely susceptible to the biological decomposition of pollutants, and during the period when the inflow of sewage with reduced susceptibility occurs, the wastewater with high content of organic carbon should be dosed.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Podatkowy kontekst długu sektora general government
Autorzy:: Ziółkowska, Wiesława
Tematy:: taxes, deficit, general government sector debt, Laffer curve, correlation,Pearson correlation coefficient; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/630068.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The purpose of the paper is to present a retrospective analysis of taxation in thecontext of public debt in the years 1995–2013. The author attempts to verify thehypothesis according to which there is correlation of various degrees of significanceand various directions between taxes and the debt of the general government sectorof the EU Member States. The study of those correlations was preceded by ananalysis that indicated tendencies to diminish tax burdens which was a result of„copying” tax policy and simultaneously increase sources and change character ofthe causes of increasing public debt. Out of 25 states where the correlation betweentwo major groups of taxes in GDP and public debt was proved, in 15 states thedimension of the interdependence was positive, while in the remaining 10 – negative.In the first group the lower (higher) tax burdens were, the lower (higher) thepublic debt was. Therefore it might be inferred that the tax rate below or abovewhich the budget income moves was not exceeded. As far as the remaining 10countries are concerned (those with negative correlation), it might be suggestedthat the critical point of decreasing (increasing) taxes below (above) which theincome drops was exceeded. Both the descriptive analysis of the indices and statisticalexamination make it possible to verify the adopted hypothesis positively,indicating simultaneously the necessity for further examination.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Wpływ wydajności pracy na zatrudnienie w polskim przemyśle przetwórczym
Labor Productivity and Its Impact on Employment in Poland’s Manufacturing Sector
Autorzy:: Bartosik, Krzysztof
Tematy:: labor productivity
employment
industry
Pearson correlation coefficient
total factor productivity; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574491.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The paper analyzes the influence of labor productivity on employment in various branches of Poland’s manufacturing sector in 1993-2007. The author attempts to determine if changes in labor productivity and employment were substitutive or complementary in nature and whether the relationship between these processes was stable or liable to change. The analysis, using the Pearsoncorrelation coefficient (which measures the strength of the linear relationship between two variables), shows that the relationship between labor productivity and employment turned from substitutive to complementary and that an improvement in labor productivity had no distinct impact on employment in the short term, while in the long term it promoted an increase in employment. The relationship between labor productivity and employment varied because the ways in which labor productivity improved tended to change. In the 1990s institutional changes led to an improvement in labor productivity, including the introduction of market economy mechanisms, privatization and greater competition in the wake of opening the economy. At the time the simplest method was used: employment reductions. With time this option petered out and companies began to improve labor productivity (and competitiveness) by investing, modernizing their fixed assets, and introducing product rather than process innovations. This had a favorable influence on employment, the author says.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: A note on the equivalence between the conditional uncorrelation and the independence of random variables
Autorzy:: Jelito, Damian
Jaworski, Piotr
Pitera, Marcin
Opis:: It is well known that while the independence of random variables implies zero correlation, the opposite is not true. Namely, uncorrelated random variables are not necessarily independent. In this note we show that the implication could be reversed if we consider the localised version of the correlation coefficient. More specifically, we show that if random variables are conditionally (locally) uncorrelated for any quantile conditioning sets, then they are independent. For simplicity, we focus on the absolutely continuous case. Also, we illustrate potential usefulness of the stated result using multiple examples.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Public debt marriage with R&D management in the V4 and EU-27 countries in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Autorzy:: Brożek, Katarzyna
Poteralska, Beata
Łabędzka, Joanna
Tematy:: public debt
R&D management
Pearson correlation
V4
EU-27; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/17836338.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The aim of the article was to identify the relationship between the value of public debt and selected effects of research and development in the V4 and EU-27 countries, while taking into account the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the breadth of issues related to the R&D sphere, 2 predictors were identified. The first is R&D expenditure, and the second is the number of employees with higher education employed in R&D. Statistical data analysis was used as a method of collecting and developing the empirical data. The practical implication of the study is to show that both before and in the first year of the pandemic, the relationship between public debt and research, and development activity in the V4 and EU-27 countries was strong, which justifies the in-depth monitoring and study of this relationship in subsequent years of the pandemic.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Physicochemical properties of water in the Nida valley, Poland
Autorzy:: Phan, Cong Ngoc
Strużyński, Andrzej
Kowalik, Tomasz
Tematy:: physicochemical properties
principal component analysis
statistical method
Pearson correlation analysis
The Nida valley; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59111309.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The investigation of Nida Valley water aimed to assess fluctuations in physicochemical properties. In this study, environmental monitoring method was utilized to evaluate the changes in physicochemical properties of water. Over a 24-month period, from June 2021 to May 2023, a total of 228 water samples were collected from 10 sampling sites, with a monthly sampling frequency. Statistical analyses were utilized including the Shapiro–Wilk test (α = 0.05), Kruskal–Wallis test and Wilcoxon (Mann–Whitney) rank sum test (α = 0.05), Pearson correlation analysis (α = 0.001) and principal component analysis (PCA). Statistical analyses revealed significant differences between months in GW samples for for temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chloride, manganese, and zinc in GW samples and for T and DO in SW samples. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis (α = 0.001) identified strong positive correlations within the SW dataset. Similarly, significant positive correlations were observed among the GW dataset. Noteworthy positive correlations were also detected between the GW and SW datasets. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a substantial dissimilarity between GW2 samples compared to others, characterized by elevated manganese, iron, and Sulfate content. Two distinct groups emerged: Group 1 included samples at GW1, GW2, GW3, GW5, and SW2, while Group 2 comprised all other samples. This study demonstrated the stability in the physicochemical properties of SW and underscore a discernible correlation between the hydrochemical compositions of both SW and GW in the riparian area. Outstanding characteristics in hydrochemical component of sample waters have been indicated.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Adsorpcja chromu z wód o różnym składzie chemicznym
Chromium adsorption from waters of different chemical composition
Autorzy:: Lach, J.
Tematy:: chromium
adsorption
activated carbon
Pearson correlation coefficient
chrom
adsorpcja
węgiel aktywny
współczynnik korelacji Pearsona; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Politechnika Częstochowska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Częstochowskiej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/297144.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The effectiveness of the Cr(VI) anions or Cr(III) cations adsorption depends, among others, on the chemical composition of the solution. The study analyzed the impact of the composition of 8 natural waters (spring, low-, medium-, and highly mineralised) on the effectiveness of the adsorption of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) on WG-12 carbon. The adsorption capacity of carbon against the hexavalent chromium from a single-component solution of 1 mg/dm³ concentration (the carbon mass to the weight of the solution 1:250) was 240 mg/kg, while from the medium-carbonized water - 195 mg/kg. In the case of trivalent chromium, under similar conditions, the effect of the presence of competing ions was much more pronounced (the capacity for a monovalent solution was 140 mg/kg, and for medium-carbonized water only 30 mg/kg). There was a negative correlation observed between the adsorption efficiency of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) (average, or at maximum concentration), and the amount of anions, cations and general mineralization. Analysing the adsorption of solutions of different composition and degree of mineralization, but of similar solution pH values, very high correlations are observed (by the Pearson correlation coefficient).
Skuteczność adsorpcji anionów Cr(VI) lub kationów Cr(III) zależy m.in. od składu chemicznego roztworu. W pracy przeanalizowano wpływ składu 8 naturalnych wód (źródlanych, nisko-, średnio- i wysokozmineralizowanych) na skuteczność adsorpcji Cr(VI) i Cr(III) na węglu WG-12. Pojemność adsorpcyjna węgla wobec chromu sześciowartościowego z roztworu jednoskładnikowego o stężeniu 1 mg/dm³ (masa węgla do masy roztworu 1:250) wynosiła 240 mg/kg, podczas gdy z wody średniozmineralizowanej 195 mg/kg. W przypadku chromu trójwartościowego w analogicznych warunkach wpływ obecności konkurencyjnych jonów był znacznie bardziej widoczny (pojemność dla roztworu jednowartościowego wynosiła 140 mg/kg, a dla wody średniozmineralizowanej tylko 30 mg/kg). Między skutecznością adsorpcji Cr(III) i Cr(VI) (średnią lub przy maksymalnym stężeniu) a ilością anionów, kationów i mineralizacją ogólną zachodzi ujemna korelacja. Jeśli analizuje się adsorpcję z roztworów o różnym składzie (stopniu mineralizacji), ale o podobnych wartościach pH roztworu, otrzymuje się bardzo wysokie zależności (wg współczynnika korelacji Pearsona).
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Comparative analysis of different trust metrics of user-user trust-based recommendation system
Autorzy:: Roy, Falguni
Hasan, Mahamudul
Tematy:: trust-based recommender system
Pearson correlation coefficient
confidence
mean absolute error
precision
recall
coverage; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27312906.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Information overload is the biggest challenge nowadays for any website – especially e-commerce websites. However, this challenge has arisen due to the fast growth of information on the web (WWW) along with easier access to the internet. A collaborative filtering-based recommender system is the most useful application for solving the information overload problem by filtering relevant information for users according to their interests. However, the current system faces some significant limitations such as data sparsity, low accuracy, cold-start, and malicious attacks. To alleviate the above-mentioned issues, the relationship of trust incorporates in the system where it can be among users or items; such a system is known as a trust-based recommender system (TBRS). From the user perspective, the motive of a TBRS is to utilize the reliability among users to generate more-accurate and trusted recommendations. However, the study aims to present a comparative analysis of different trust metrics in the context of the type of trust definition of TBRS. Also, the study accomplishes 24 trust metrics in terms of the methodology, trust properties & measurements, validation approaches, and the experimented data set.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Study the relationship between creativity and knowledge
Autorzy:: Chełmecka, Agnieszka
Tematy:: Pearson correlation
Project management
creativity
dependency study
independence test χ ^ 2
knowledge
statistical survey
statistics; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1157441.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Dependency analysis is based both on planning, implementation and control. However, you can look at this process from the statistical side. Project management lists several methods that differ in priorities, such as time, budget, risk, or commitment. Comparison of several methods used gives a broader perspective on the subject matter. The statistical survey was mainly based on the study of the relationship between knowledge actors and creativity.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: GOP Structure Adaptable to the Location of Shot Cuts
Autorzy:: Krulikovská, L.
Polec, J.
Tematy:: shot cut detection
Pearson correlation coefficient
motion estimation
adaptive threshold
video encoding
adaptive GOP structure; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/227351.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: In this paper we present a novel two stage algorithm for improving video coding efficiency. The proposed method combines video cut detection and adaptive GOP structure. At first, we have proposed a new technique of frames' comparison for the shot cut detection. The majority of existing methods compare pairs of successive frames. We compare actual frame with its motion estimated prediction. We also present adaptive threshold. The efficiency of novel technique for video cut detection was confirmed through experiment and compared to the commonly used ones in the terms of recall and precision. The next step is to situate I frames to the positions of detected cuts during the process of video encoding. Finally the proposed method is verified by simulations and the obtained results are compared with fixed GOP structures of sizes 4, 8, 12, 16, 32, 64, 128 and GOP structure with length of entire video. Proposed method achieved the gain in bit rate from 15,33% to 50,59%, while not degrading PSNR in comparison to simulated fixed GOP structures.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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