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Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 337
Tytuł:
How RNA viruses exchange their genetic material.
Autorzy:
Alejska, Magdalena
Kurzyńska-Kokorniak, Anna
Broda, Magdalena
Kierzek, Ryszard
Figlerowicz, Marek
Tematy:
RNA recombination
RNA structure
viral replicase
RNA viruses
retroviruses
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Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1044130.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
One of the most unusual features of RNA viruses is their enormous genetic variability. Among the different processes contributing to the continuous generation of new viral variants RNA recombination is of special importance. This process has been observed for human, animal, plant and bacterial viruses. The collected data reveal a great susceptibility of RNA viruses to recombination. They also indicate that genetic RNA recombination (especially the nonhomologous one) is a major factor responsible for the emergence of new viral strains or species. Although the formation and accumulation of viral recombinants was observed in numerous RNA viruses, the molecular basis of this phenomenon was studied in only a few viral species. Among them, brome mosaic virus (BMV), a model (+)RNA virus offers the best opportunities to investigate various aspects of genetic RNA recombination in vivo. Unlike any other, the BMV-based system enables homologous and nonhomologous recombination studies at both the protein and RNA levels. As a consequence, BMV is the virus for which the structural requirements for genetic RNA recombination have been most precisely established. Nevertheless, the previously proposed model of genetic recombination in BMV still had one weakness: it could not really explain the role of RNA structure in nonhomologous recombination. Recent discoveries concerning the latter problem give us a chance to fill this gap. That is why in this review we present and thoroughly discuss all results concerning nonhomologous recombination in BMV that have been obtained until now.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New face of the “RNA world”
Autorzy:
Tyczewska, Agata
Figlerowicz, Marek
Tematy:
non-coding RNA
small regulatory RNA
gene expression
RNA world
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Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/703400.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
For a very long time, RNA was considered just the medium by which information flows from DNA into the cell. The model proposed in the 1960s assumed that proteins are the main products and regulators of the gene expression process. In this context, the results of the Human Genome Project and the discoveries of RNA interference and small regulatory RNAs (srRNAs) came as a true surprise. The first ones demonstrated that less than 5% of the human genome encodes proteins. The second showed that RNA, especially 20-30 nt-long molecules should be placed among the most important factors controlling gene expression. srRNAs are capable of affecting the release and flow of genetic information in many different ways. They can induce changes in the genome structure, inhibit transcription, mediate mRNA degradation and repress translation. Interestingly, in different organisms, different pathways are used to regulate gene expression. It has recently been estimated that, in humans, the expression of 35-40% of genes is controlled by srRNA. As a result, RNA is currently believed to be a central molecule in many biological processes.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The old and new RNA world
Autorzy:
Szweykowska-Kulinska, Z.
Tematy:
Earth
RNA world hypothesis
life
ribozyme
small RNA
long noncoding RNA
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Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/57730.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Among the numerous hypotheses offering a scenario for the origin of life on Earth, the one called “The RNA World” has gained the most attention. According to this hypothesis RNA acted as a genetic information storage material, as a catalyst of all metabolic reactions, and as a regulator of all processes in the primordial world. Various experiments show that RNA molecules could have been synthesized abiotically, with the potential to mediate a whole repertoire of metabolic reactions. Ribozymes carrying out aminoacyl-tRNA reactions have been found in SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) approaches and the development of a ribosome from a RNA-built protoribosome is easy to imagine. Transfer RNA aminoacylation, protoribosome origin, and the availability of amino acids on early Earth allowed the genetic code to evolve. Encoded proteins most likely stabilized RNA molecules and were able to create channels across membranes. In the modern cell, DNA replaced RNA as the main depositor of genetic information and proteins carry out almost all metabolic reactions. However, RNA is still playing versatile, crucial roles in the cell. Apart from its classical functions in the cell, a huge small RNA world is controlling gene expression, chromatin condensation, response to environmental cues, and protecting the cell against the invasion of various nucleic acids forms. Long non-coding RNAs act as crucial gene expression regulators. Riboswitches act at the level of transcription, splicing or translation and mediate feedback regulation on biosynthesis and transport of the ligand they sense. Alternative splicing generates genetic variability and increases the protein repertoire in response to developmental or environmental changes. All these regulatory functions are essential in shaping cell plasticity in the changing milieu. Recent discoveries of new, unexpected and important functions of RNA molecules support the hypothesis that we live in a New RNA World.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prediction of the structure of the common perimitochondrial localization signal of nuclear transcripts in yeast
Autorzy:
Ejsmont, Radoslaw
Golik, Pawel
Stepien, Piotr
Tematy:
RNA trafficking
RNA structure
bioinformatics
mitochondria
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Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1041111.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Many nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins require specific localization of their mRNAs to the vicinity of mitochondria for proper expression. Studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have shown that the cis-acting signal responsible for subcellular localization of mRNAs is localized in the 3' UTR of the transcript. In this paper we present an in silico approach for prediction of a common perimitochondrial localization signal of nuclear transcripts encoding mitochondrial proteins. We computed a consensus structure for this signal by comparison of 3' UTR models for about 3000 yeast transcripts with known localization. Our studies show a short stem-loop structure which appears in most mRNAs localized to the vicinity of mitochondria. The degree of similarity of a given 3' UTR to our consensus structure strongly correlates with experimentally determined perimitochondrial localization of the mRNA, therefore we believe that the structure we predicted acts as a subcellular localization signal. Since our algorithm operates on structures, it seems to be more reliable than sequence-based algorithms. The good predictive value of our model is supported by statistical analysis.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 337

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