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Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 56
Tytuł:
The Indian trade between the Gulf and the Red Sea
Autorzy:
Gawlikowski, Michał
Tematy:
Indian trade
Gulf
Red Sea
Palmyra
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1682984.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
This essay evaluates the relative importance of the maritime trade between the Roman Empire and India along two routes that were in use: one started and ended on the Egyptian shore of the Red Sea, the other at the head of the Gulf. Both continued on land along caravan tracks to the Nile valley or through the Syrian desert to Palmyra. The latter land route, longer and presumably more cost-consuming, was used only during the 1st to 3rd centuries AD. The land link with the Far East, the so-called Silk Road, does not seem to have been regularly used. A document from Palmyra allows to estimate the value of the trade along the Syrian route as much smaller than that of the Red Sea traffic. It could have been mainly of local, Syrian importance, and lasted only as long as political circumstances allowed.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relationships between water temperature, nutrients and dissolved oxygen in the Northern Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea
Autorzy:
Manasrah, R.
Raheed, M.
Badran, M.I.
Tematy:
stratification
nutrient
Aqaba Gulf
temperature
sea water
Red Sea
oxygen
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49092.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Five years (1998, 2000–2003) of summer records of temperature, nutrients and dissolved oxygen concentrations in the upper 400 m of the water column of the northern Gulf of Aqaba were employed to produce a simple statistical model of the relationship between temperature versus nitrate, phosphate, silicate andd issolved oxygen concentrations. Temperature profiles in the upper 400 m during summer revealeda clear thermocline in the upper 200 m. This was reflected in nutrient ando xygen concentrations as nitrate, phosphate, and silicate increasedfr om the surface to deep water while dissolved oxygen decreased. The best fit relationship between temperature versus nitrate andphosphate was inverse linear and the best fit correlation between temperature versus silicate andd issolvedo xygen was fractional. The observedn utrient concentrations were shaped by a combination of the hydrodynamics and biological factors. Deep winter mixing and high nutrient concentrations dominate during winter. Shortly after the water stratifies in spring, the nutrients are drawn down by phytoplankton during the spring bloom and remain low throughout the rest of the year. The regression equations presented here will be useful in estimating nutrient concentrations from temperature records as long as the annual natural cycle is the main driver of nutrient concentrations and external inputs are insignificant. Deviations from these relationships in the future could provide insight into modifications in the nutrient concentrations probably resulting from new nutrient sources, such as anthropogenic inputs.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Beads and pendants from the Hellenistic to early Byzantine Red Sea port of Berenike, Egypt. Season 2014 and 2015
Autorzy:
Then-Obłuska, Joanna
Tematy:
Berenike
Red Sea port
Red Sea trade
Indian Ocean trade
Ptolemaic
early Roman
late antiquity
Roman
Bes amulet
face beads
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Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1682877.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Almost 650 beads and pendants, most of them of glass and faience, were excavated over two seasons in 2014 and 2015 at Berenike on the Red Sea coast of Egypt. This material, coming from 19 trenches variously located within the Hellenistic to early Byzantine site, has contributed some new data, enhancing the Berenike bead typology. Highlights included a Bes pendant of glass from a Hellenistic context and early Roman mosaic glass beads with face patterns. Other materials of which the ornaments were made included marine mollusk shells, ostrich eggshell, and a variety of stone and minerals. Of greatest interest were beads coming from early Roman graves, of an older man (the order of the threaded beads could be traced) and of animals (neck collars). Beads threaded on fragments of string, most probably of Indo-Pacific make, came from the early Roman rubbish dump.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aynuna. A Nabataean port on the Red Sea. Seven seasons of Saudi-Polish excavations (2014-2018)
Autorzy:
al-Zahrani, Abdullah
Juchniewicz, Karol
Gawlikowski, Michał
Współwytwórcy:
al-Zahrani, Abdullah
Juchniewicz, Karol
Gawlikowski, Michał
Wydawca:
Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw
Cytata wydawnicza:
Gawlikowski, M., Juchniewicz, K., & al-Zahrani, A. (Eds.). (2021). Aynuna. A Nabataean port on the Red Sea. Seven seasons of Saudi-Polish excavations (2014-2018). Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw.
Opis:
Narodowe Centrum Nauki, Centrum Archeologii Śródziemnomorskiej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
A report on the Saudi-Polish excavations at Aynuna on the Red Sea, Tabuk Province, conducted from 2014 to 2018 under a grant from the Polish National Science Centre UMO2014/14/M/HS3/00795 by the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw, in collaboration with the Saudi Commission for Tourism and Heritage. The excavation of a site of a Nabataean trade factory near the modern township of Khurayba on the northwestern Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia contributed to confirming the identification of the locality as the Leuke Kome of ancient sources and highlighted the importance of the port and region for the Nabataean kingdom and later for the Roman, Byzantine and early Islamic history of the region. Aynina was a terminal on the international maritime trade route between Bilad ash-Shan and South Arabia, India, and East Africa, paralleling the better known Egyptian route linking these countries with the markets of the Roman Empire. In this role it was a counterpart of the ports of Myos Hormos and Berenike on the western shore of the Red Sea. The two sites identified at the locality of Aynuna comprise a densely built settlement atop a fossil coral reef and a lower site on the stony right bank of the wadi, the latter consisting of several independent buildings, each formed by rows of nearly square rooms, apparently set around courtyards. The buildings appear to have been warehouses for goods brought by sea to the part, awaiting transfer by caravan to Petra in Jordan and beyond. Nabataean buildings predating the 4th century AD structures most probably served the same purpose as Leuke Kome is known from ancient written sources as the custom house where a Roman quarter tax on value was placed on traded goods. Lower Aynuna thus existed from the 1st century BC/1st century AD through the 7th century. It is surrounded by small burial grounds; in the latest phase graves were also located within the ruins. The report presents a detailed description of the excavations in the structures in Lower Aynuna, the cemeteries, as well as an examination of the geology of the area and the water supply system. The coins, inscriptions, glass finds and shells (both natural and worked as artifacts) are examined in separate chapters.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Centrum Otwartej Nauki
Książka
Tytuł:
The harbor of early Roman “Imperial” Berenike: overview of excavations from 2009 to 2015
Autorzy:
Zych, Iwona
Tematy:
Berenike
Red Sea
harbor
Hellenistic
Roman
landscape archaeology
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1682938.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Excavations by the American–Polish project in Berenike on the Red Sea, co-directed from 2008 by Steven E. Sidebotham (University of Delaware) and Iwona Zych (PCMA University of Warsaw), have aimed at uncovering and reconstructing the ancient landscape of the southwestern embayment, tentatively identified as the harbor of the Hellenistic and early Roman city, and its immediate vicinity. A review of the evidence from the excavation of several trenches in this area paints a picture of the bay—still incomplete—and contributes to a reconstruction of the cultural and economic landscape, the "lived experience" of the town's inhabitants and incoming merchants and sailors during the heyday of "Imperial" Berenike, that is, in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The port of Aynuna in pre-Islamic period: nautical and topographical considerations on the location of Leuke Kome
Autorzy:
Juchniewicz, Karol
Tematy:
Leuke Kome
Red Sea
Nabateans
maritime trade
caravans
Aynuna
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1682979.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
The trade facility in Wadi Aynuna, as well as the adjacent settlement and tentative location of an ancient port are believed to be the ancient Leuke Kome, a Nabatean port which connected Petra with the Red Sea trade network. In this brief paper the author reviews some data that bring light to bear on the issue of the nautical challenges posed by sailing conditions in the Red Sea, their potential influence on the maritime trade, and the importance of Aynuna as a port in northern Arabia which, taken together, support with greater strength the identification of this location with the Leuke Kome from the ancient written sources
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Shaping a city and its defenses; fortifications of Hellenistic Berenike Trogodytika
Autorzy:
Woźniak, Marek
Tematy:
Hellenistic/Ptolemaic fortifications
Berenike
harbor
Red Sea
water installations
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1683098.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Key information on the location, size and dating of the Ptolemaic fortifications of Berenike Trogodytika comes from archaeological excavations carried out in 2013–2015, following the 2012 season when the presence of military architecture in the Red Sea harbor was first discovered and identified (Woźniak and Rądkowska 2014). Sections of a thick wall constructed of gypsum anhydrite blocks on a wide foundation were recorded in the northern part of the site (trenches BE-13/90 and BE13-93). The wall was part of the defenses protecting the harbor from the north, the only land access to the site through marshy ground on the fringes of the so-called “northern lagoon”. Further work in trenches BE14-97 in 2014 and BE15-104 in 2015 uncovered the remains of a well preserved early Hellenistic fortified city gate, built of gypsum anhydrite blocks and chunks of coral. The complex has no parallel at present anywhere in the Red Sea region. A series of shallow basins interconnected by pipes made of truncated necks of early Hellenistic amphorae, found to the east of the gate, served probably to collect rainwater. The water function? of the gate was confirmed further by a large basin or cistern, about 1 m deep, abutting the complex on the southwest. A subterranean network of four rock-cut chambers(?) was discovered at the bottom of the internal gate chamber. A corridor in the east wall of the gate shaft, with a covered channel in the floor, led off to the northeast, in the direction of a rectangular anomaly observed on the magnetic map, which could be another rock-cut shaft.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Geochemical signatures of pervasive meteoric diagenesis of Early Miocene syn-rift carbonate platform, Red Sea, NW Saudi Arabia
Autorzy:
Al-Ramadan, K.
Tematy:
meteoric diagenesis
carbonate
stable isotopes
trace elements
Red Sea
Miocene
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2060345.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Different diagenetic environments have been recognized in the Early Miocene carbonate platform of Musayr Formation in the Red Sea rift area. Early marine diagenesis includes micritisation that occurs as thin envelope around skeletal and non-skeletal grains in low-energy mud dominated facies and isopachous fibrous calcite in high-energy grain-dominated facies. Pervasive meteoric water diagenesis resulted in cementation of the carbonates by coarse-crystalline blocky-drusy calcite and meniscus cements. Depletion of oxygen (avg. –9.08‰), carbon (avg. –1.6‰) isotopes and trace elements concentrations (avg. values of Fe: 1387 ppm; Mn: 1444 ppm; Sr: 419 ppm; Na: 1194 ppm) in conjunction with negative correlation between Mn2+ and oxygen isotope data suggest variable degrees of fluid-rock interactions and pervasive meteoric diagenesis. The formation of meteoric diagenesis in the Musayr Formation can be explained by two subsequent mechanisms: (1) the presence of meteoric lenses during the time of deposition might have been associated with active freshwater input from the hinterland (NE) due to fall in the relative sea level; (2) later uplift episode during Plio-Pleistocene may have also contributed to the pervasive meteoric diagenetic alterations of the carbonates of the Musayr Formation. The first mechanism is supported by the cement stratigraphy where the blocky-drusy cements postdate the meniscus cement. The latter mechanism seems to have more pronounced effect on the alteration of Musayr carbonate sequence by observing the occurence of late cements such as blocky calcite in most of the samples. The impact of meteoric diagenesis on the studied samples suggest that dissolution is less severe than cementation, hence the visible porosity is very low. Understanding the timing of meteoric diagenesis provides useful information about the reservoir quality distribution in syn-rift carbonate sequences.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 56

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