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Tytuł:
Monitoring the Evolution of Redox Changes in Sediments made Possible by Electrochemical Multilayer Probes
Autorzy:
Popa, Radu
Moga, Ioana Corina
Nealson, Kenneth H.
Cimpoiasu, V.M.
Tematy:
sensor
sediments
SPEAR
multielectrode
redox interface
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2134093.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Marine sediments with rapid oxic/anoxic transitions are difficult to monitor in real time. Organic overload that may lead to anoxia and buildup of hydrogen sulfide can be caused by a variety of factors such as sewage spills, harbor water stagnation, algal blooms and the vicinity of aquaculture operations. We have tested a novel multiprobe technology (named SPEAR) on marine sediments to evaluate its performance in monitoring sediments and overlaying water. Our results show the ability of the SPEAR probes to distinguish electrochemical changes at 2-3 mm scale and at hourly cycles. SPEAR probes have the ability to identify redox interfaces and redox transition zones in sediments, but do not use micromanipulators (which are cumbersome in field and underwater applications). We propose that the best target habitats for SPEAR-type monitoring are rapidly evolving muddy deposits and sediments near aquaculture operations where pollution with organics stresses the ecosystem.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Yielding of white and green asparagus in the open field and in the tunnel in the first two years of harvest
Plonowanie zielonych i bielonych wypustek szparaga uprawianego w polu i w tunelu foliowym w pierwszych dwóch latach zbioru
Autorzy:
Dyduch, J.
Mysiak, B.
Rodkiewicz, T.
Tematy:
yielding
white asparagus
Asparagus officinalis
green asparagus
asparagus
white spear
green spear
weight
open field
tunnel
foil
harvest
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11542970.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) may be cultivated either for white or for green spears, the latter method started to prevail in the world in the last years. The aim of the study was a comparison of yielding of white and green asparagus cv. ‘Ravel’ in the open field and in the PE tunnel. The weight, number and diameter of spears in the total, marketable and non-marketable yields in the first and second harvest year were assessed. Total and marketable yield of white asparagus was higher than that of green one, but the latter formed significantly more spears in the total and nonmarketable yield. The yield and number of spears obtained in the tunnel was significantly higher than with no cover. Marketable spears constituted on average 77.8% of yield weight and 63.0% of the total number of spears and the values for both cultivation methods were similar. Mean weight and diameter of white spears were higher than those of the green ones.
Szparag (Asparagus officinalis L.) może być uprawiany na wypustki bielone lub zielone; w ostatnich latach na świecie zaczął dominować ten drugi sposób uprawy. Celem badań było porównanie plonowania szparaga lekarskiego odmiany Ravel w uprawie na bielone i zielone wypustki w gruncie i w tunelu foliowym. Oceniono masę, liczbę i średnicę wypustek w plonie ogółem, handlowym i niehandlowym w pierwszym i drugim roku zbioru. Plon ogółem i handlowy bielonych wypustek był istotnie wyższy niż zielonych, natomiast liczba zielonych wypustek w plonie ogółem i niehandlowym była większa w porównaniu z bielonymi. Plon i liczba wypustek z uprawy w tunelu były istotnie większe niż w gruncie. Wypustki handlowe stanowiły średnio 77,8% masy i 63,0% liczby wypustek i wartości te były zbliżone dla obu metod uprawy. Wypustki bielone miały średnio większą masę i średnicę niż zielone.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Constraints of the MAX4781 CMOS Solution for Electrode Switching in Multilayer Electrochemical Probes
Autorzy:
Cimpoiasu, V.M.
Radulescu, F.
Nealson, K.H.
Moga, Ioana Corina
Popa, R.
Tematy:
sensor
SPEAR
multielectrode
redox interface
sediments
electrochemical gradients
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2106598.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
The most common means to analyze redox gradients in sediments is by push/pulling electrochemical probes through sediment’ strata while repeating measurements. Yet, as electrodes move up and down they disrupt the texture of the sediment layers thus biasing subsequent measurements. This makes it difficult to obtain reproducible measurements or to study the evolution of electrochemical gradients. One solution for solving this problem is to eliminate actuators and electrode movements altogether, while instead deploying probes with numerous electrodes positioned at various depths in the sediment. This mode of operation requires electrode switching. We discuss an electrode-switching solution for multi-electrode probes, based on Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) multiplexors. In this solution, electrodes can be individually activated in any order, sequence or time frame through digital software commands. We discuss constraints of CMOS-based multilayer electrochemical probes during cyclic voltammetry.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A finite element model development as a part of process of energy absorption material selection
Autorzy:
Jakubowski, R.
Skorupka, Z.
Tematy:
RASTAS Spear
material
energy absorption
finite element model
LS-DYNA
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244612.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
The Warsaw Institute of Aviation major role in the RASTAS Spear project was to design an energy absorption system for the space probe lander. As the system was meant to be unmanned, the main requirement was to use no active solutions like parachute or rocket propulsion (less complexity in application and thus more reliability). A group of various materials was chosen to be tested. Tests campaign was divided into three stages: static compression tests, low speed dynamic tests and high speed dynamic tests. The high-speed dynamic tests were divided into two substages. In the first one simple cube specimens were tested to obtain data necessary for second substage in which full-scale object was tested. Having valuable data from experiments, numerical simulations in LS-DYNA software were carried out and then the results were compared. Based on experimental data several iterations during finite element model developing process were made. That process allowed setting up properly simulation by changing and adjusting properties such: material models, contact types, element formulation and other important constants. The finite element simulation results showed a good correlation with experimental data. The knowledge gained from numerical model optimization in connection with experimental data allowed for creating faster and more accurate energy absorbing material selection methodology. This methodology was successfully used in subsequent projects in which Institute of Aviation took part and also can be used in other future applications.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Phenolic acids in extracts obtained from the flowering herbs of Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. growing in Poland
Autorzy:
Kozyra, M.
Glowniak, K.
Tematy:
phenolic acid
methanol extract
flowering plant
herb
Cirsium vulgare
spear thistle
Polska
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/58350.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
In this work the phenolic acids in the methanol extract from the flowering herbs of Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. growing in Poland were isolated and identified. The samples containing free phenolic acids and those released after acid and alkaline hydrolyses were investigated by 2D TLC on cellulose. After purification by SPE, samples were also analyzed by RP-HPLC. Six phenolic acids such as gallic, protokatechuic, gentisic, hydrobenzoic, vanillic and caffeic acids were detected in the fraction of free phenolic acids of the methanol extract, irrespectively of the method used.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jeszcze włócznia, czy już kopia? Rozważania w kontekście dzieł sztuki europejskiej
Still a spear or already a lance? Deliberations in the context of European art
Autorzy:
Sierosławski, Artur
Tematy:
bronioznawstwo
kopia
włócznia
kawaleria
średniowiecze
studies in arms
lance
spear
cavalry
Middle Ages
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941996.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
The lance is an instantly recognizable medieval weapon. It’s the primary weapon of a medieval knights, the primary he uses in battle. But it’s still not clear when the lance appeared. In most publications its appearance is dated to the 12th c. There are no preserved artifacts and the written sources are not clear on this subject. New informations can be drawn from works of medieval art, especially illustrated manuscripts and architectural decorations. For this deliberation I used iconography dated between the 8th and 14th c. There are three characteristics with which we can distinguish the spear and the lance. The first is the construction of the shaft end. The difference between spear shaft and lance shaft is that the lance shaft had a vamplate, a small circular plate. In many publications it can be read, that this plate was made for protecting the hand. This is of course a misunderstanding. It allowed a firmer grip of the shaft upon impact. There was no need to protect the hand during the duel, because knights were trying to hit the head or the torso of their opponents, not the hand. The second way to recognize the kind of weapon is to analyse how the horsemen uses them. The spears were manipulated with one hand. Horsemen were very often attacking by rising the spear over the head and then striking their opponents from above. Lances were used in a quite different way. Horsemen during the attack had the lances under their arms and struck their enemies facing them. These two polearm techniques can be found on medieval representations. The third characteristic is the shape of the spearhead. In many illustrations it is shown very schematically, therefore very often we can’t identify the type of weapon basing on the presentation of the tip. The only exception is the spearhead of type VI (by Nadolski). The characteristic crosspiece attached to (or slightly below) the bush is quite often marked on the illustrations. In these situations we can be sure, that this weapon is a spear. During the 8th–10th c. mounted units undoubtedly utilized spears, there is no argue about that. On every illustration made at that time which shows a mounted warrior armed with a pole weapon, this weapon is a spear. Around the middle of the 11th c. a very important change in the use of polearms occurred. The Bayeux Tapestry which was made around 1068 depicts horsemen using spears in a manner typical for the lance. One of knights represented in the battle scene holds his spear under his arm and hits his opponent in the face. This is an unquestionable evidence that the evolution of the lance started in the 11th, not the 12th c. Of course I don’t suggest, that the army of William the Conqueror was armed with lances, but that the mentioned work of early medieval art is the oldest evidence of the first step in the evolution of polearms. In this context we should look closer at some types of early medieval spearheads, especially of Nadolski’s type IX, which is relatively short, but massive. Could it be a type of an early lance head? In the 12th and 13th c. the shaft of the lance was developed, the weapon became longer and heavier. Knights represented in art from that time always use their polearms by holding them under their arms. Hunting scenes are the only exceptions. In these cases the horsemen uses their weapons holding them I one hand, above their heads. That proves that they’re using spears. Another important source for this discussion is the Manesse Codex, which was written in the first half of the 14th c. A few illustrations depict duel scenes and “portraits” of knights, who were the main characters of poems contented in the Codex. Some of those illustrations are very accurate, with important details clearly visible. Some of the lances represented here have an additional constructional element, a vamplate. As it was written in the beginning, its presence is one of the essential differences separating the lance from the spear. Is it possible to point the exact time when the lance appeared? Medieval iconography can bring us closer to the truth, but it only allows to identify the ante quem dating. Surely, the first step of the evolution of medieval polearms took place before 1066, before the battle of Hastings that is. But to say exactly how long before the battle took place mounted warriors had already been accustomed to the use of spears in a way specific for the lance – this cannot be determined.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zabójstwa celowane jako element strategii CIA w kontekście ataków terrorystycznych z 11 września 2001 roku
Targeted killings as part of the CIAs strategy in the context of the September 11 terrorist attacks
Autorzy:
Dziadkowiec-Wędlikowski, Franciszek
Opis:
Niniejsza praca ma na celu przybliżyć czytelnikowi kwestię zabójstw celowanych jako elementu strategii CIA i osadzić je w kontekście zamachów terrorystycznych z 11 września 2001 roku. Pierwszy rozdział pracy skupia się na zmianach prawnych i instytucjonalnych, które dokonały się w Stanach Zjednoczonych po zamachach z 11 września. Potwierdzono w nim tezę, iż ataki terrorystyczne z 11 września spowodowały poważne zmiany w polityce bezpieczeństwa Stanów Zjednoczonych. Drugi rozdział przytacza natomiast historię zabójstw celowanych, od drugiej wojny światowej, przez administracje Kennedy’ego czy Reagana, skupiając się na wybranych działaniach klasyfikowanych jako zabójstwa celowane oraz zmianach prawnych, które nastąpiły w tej kwestii w ubiegłym wieku. W rozdziale trzecim skupiono się z kolei na zabójstwach celowanych po 11 września, ich rozwoju bezpośrednio po samych zamachach i rozszerzenia tych działań w związku z rozwojem technologii bezzałogowych statków powietrznych. Omówiono również proces nasilenia się występującego zjawiska podczas prezydentury Baracka Obamy. Ostatnia część rozdziału trzeciego skupia się na zabójstwie celowanym na przykładzie operacji Neptune Spear, czyli likwidacji Osamy bin Ladena. Badania przeprowadzono poprzez analizę aktów prawnych i źródeł literatury przedmiotu. Praca zakończona jest podsumowaniem i oceną przeprowadzonych badań.
This study delves into the topic of targeted killings as a key component of the CIA's strategy in terrorism prevention, setting it in the context of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The first chapter analyzes the legal and institutional changes that took place in the United States after the attacks, and how they affected the country's security policies. The second chapter traces the history of targeted killings from the Second World War, through the Kennedy and Reagan administrations, focusing on select activities of the CIA that classify as targeted killings. It also provides an overview of the legal changes that took place in the USA regarding targeted killing during this period. The third chapter concentrates on targeted killings post-September 11, including their initial development after the attacks and their expansion in conjunction with the advancement of unmanned aerial vehicle technology. It also discusses the intensification of these activities during the presidency of Barack Obama. The final part of this chapter focuses on targeted killing in the example of Operation Neptune Spear, i.e. the elimination of Osama bin Laden.The research was conducted by analysis of legal and literary sources on the subject. The thesis concludes with a comprehensive summary and evaluation of the findings.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Inne
Powiązania:
Badania archeologiczne w Kaliszu
Opis:
Spearhead [3D]
Grot włóczni [3D]
Dostawca treści:
RCIN - Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych
Materiały ikonograficzne
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 12

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