Temat: Shatt Al-Arab - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Analysis and Simulation Performance of a Reverse Osmosis Plant in the Al-Maqal Port
Autorzy:: Yousif, Yasameen T.
Abbas, Abdulhussain A.
Yaseen, Dina Ali
Tematy:: reverse osmosis
Iraq
Basrah
Shatt Al-Arab
TDS
total dissolved solids
Winflows; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086424.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The Basrah province (southern of Iraq) was interested in establishing desalination plants to provide drinking water due to the high levels of salinity in its water resources. This work was carried out in order to evaluate and simulate the functionality of the reverse osmosis plant in the Al-Maqal port. From the field and laboratory measurement, this study concluded that the considered parameters of product water by reverse osmosis (RO) plant were within the Iraqi standard (IRS) limits. The calculation of operation indices showed that the recovery rate of plant (72%) and the permeate flux of plant (20 lmh) was within for limitation of brackish surface water. In turn, the plant has a low salt rejection (90.1%) and a high pressure drop (5 bar); therefore, the membranes require backwashing or chemical cleaning. Then, the performance of RO membrane was simulated by the Winflows software. The best operating parameters were identified. The coefficient of determination (R2) between simulated and measured TDS was 0.83. Therefore, the simulated TDS of permeate multiplied by 5.3 was given a good estimation for actual TDS within acceptable an error rate of 17%.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Evaluation of Spatio-Temporal Changes in Water Quality in the Middle Section of the Shatt Al-Arab River, Southern Iraq
Autorzy:: Moyel, Mohammad Salim
Akbar, Manal Mohammad
Hussain, Najah Abood
Tematy:: Shatt al-Arab river
middle section
spatio-temporal change
water quality index; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201725.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The Shatt al-Arab river is the main water source in the Basrah province, subjected to significant environmental and hydrological changes that have led to the complete degradation of its ecosystem, particularly the middle section. Nineteen water quality variables were selected to assess spatio-temporal changes in the middle section. Eight variables were chosen with the most significant impact on the Shatt al-Arab River water quality in calculating the water quality index (WQI). These variables were measured every month from December 2020 to November 2021 at five observation stations (Abu-Flous, Mhela, Baradeyea and Maqal) located on the main river and one on the Karmat Ali canal, which connects the Shatt al-Arab River with east Hammar marsh. The study was divided into two seasons of the year, the wet season (December 2020 – May 2021) and the dry season (July 2021 – November 2021), in the calculation of the WQI and its annual calculation. The results of the current study show deterioration in the values of most water quality variables, particularly those related to dissolved salts and organic and bacterial pollution. Water quality was also classified as poor on the WQI scale at all stations for the duration of the study. The results of the WQI indicated the deterioration in the quality of the water middle section, particularly during dry season. The degradation of the waters of the middle section of the Shatt al-Arab River is due to two main factors: increase salinity and organic pollution. In general, the Shatt al-Arab River and the middle section in particular, need comprehensive management, including a clear and expeditious plan to identify and address the degradation of the river’s environment, which has a great importance to all residents of the Basrah province.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Modeling Pollution Index Using Artificial Neural Network and Multiple Linear Regression Coupled with Genetic Algorithm
Autorzy:: Abdulkareem, Iman Ali
Abbas, Abdulhussain A.
Dawood, Ammar Salman
Tematy:: Shatt Al-Arab river
comprehensive pollution index
multiple linear regression
artificial neural network
genetic algorithm; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2068477.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Shatt Al-Arab River in Basrah province, Iraq, was assessed by applying comprehensive pollution index (CPI) at fifteen sampling locations from 2011 to 2020, taking into consideration twelve physicochemical parameters which included pH, Tur., TDS, EC, TH, Na+, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, Alk., SO4-2, and Cl-. The effectiveness of multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) for predicting comprehensive pollution index was examined in this research. In order to determine the ideal values of the predictor parameters that lead to the lowest CPI value, the genetic algorithm coupled with multiple linear regression (GA-MLR) was used. A multi-layer feed-forward neural network with backpropagation algorithm was used in this study. The optimal ANN structure utilized in this research consisted of three layers: the input layer, one hidden layer, and one output layer. The predicted equation of the comprehensive pollution index was created using the regression technique and used as an objective function of the genetic algorithm. The minimum predicted comprehensive pollution index value recommended by the GA-MLR approach was 0.3777.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Investigation of tidal asymmetry in the Shatt Al-Arab river estuary, Northwest of Arabian Gulf
Autorzy:: Lafta, Ali Abdulridha
Tematy:: Tidal asymmetry
Harmonic analysis
Tidal skewness
Arabian Gulf
Shatt Al-Arab river; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/62692008.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Approximately one-year water level records were utilized for examining the tidal dynamics and tidal asymmetry at the Shatt Al-Arab river estuary. The harmonic and the tidal skewness, two traditional methods in quantifying tidal asymmetry in tidal systems, were used. The water level measurements revealed a presence of a tidal wave attenuation when propagating further towards the inland direction, with notable reductions in the tidal range. The results of the harmonic analysis indicated that the diurnal and semi-diurnal constituents experience considerable damping towards the upstream direction. The largest constituent was M2, followed by K1, O1, and S2. The largest shallow water constituent was MK3, followed by M4, MS4, MN4, and M6. The tidal form number ranged from 0.68 to 0.7 along the estuary; then, mixed, mainly semi-diurnal tidal nature was observed. However, six possible combinations of tidal constituents were used to quantify the tidal asymmetry, involving the interactions between astronomical constituents alone as well as with the higher harmonics. According to the harmonic method, the relative phase difference of M2 and M4 constituents was in the range of 63 to 87.06, suggesting a flood dominance behavior of tidal wave along the estuary. Positive values of the tidal skewness were observed at all stations, with a pronounced increase towards the inland direction. The M2 and M4 interaction was the main contributor to tidal asymmetry, followed by M2-K1-O1, M2-S2-MS4, M2-M4-M6, K1-M2-MK3, and M2-N2-MN4 interactions.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Evaluation of water treatment plants quality in Basrah Province, by factor and cluster analysis
Autorzy:: Al Saad, Zainb A.A.
Hamdan, Ahmed N.A.
Tematy:: cluster analysis (CA)
factor analysis (FA)
multivariate statistics
the Shatt Al Arab River
water quality
water treatment plant; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/293213.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The Shatt Al Arab River (SAAR) is a major source of raw water for most water treatment plants (WTP’s) located along with it in Basrah province. This study aims to determine the effects of different variables on water quality of the SAAR, using multivariate statistical analysis. Seventeen variables were measured in nine WTP’s during 2017, these sites are Al Hussain (1), Awaissan (2), Al Abass (3), Al Garma (4), Mhaigran (5), Al Asmaee (6), Al Jubaila (7), Al Baradia (8), Al Lebani (9). The dataset is treated using principal component analysis (PCA) / factor analysis (FA), cluster analysis (CA) to the most important factors affecting water quality, sources of contamination and the suitability of water for drinking and irrigation. Three factors are responsible for the data structure representing 88.86% of the total variance in the dataset. CA shows three different groups of similarity between the sampling stations, in which station 5 (Mhaigran) is more contaminated than others, while station 3 (Al Abass) and 6 (Al Asmaee) are less contaminated. Electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) are plotted on Richard diagram. It is shown that the samples of water of Mhaigran are located in the class of C4-S3 of very high salinity and sodium, water samples of Al Abass station, are located in the class of C3-S1 of high salinity and low sodium, and others are located in the class of C4-S2 of high salinity and medium sodium. Generally, the results of most water quality parameters reveal that SAAR is not within the permissible levels of drinking and irrigation.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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