Temat: Teutonic Order - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Święci jako patronowie obiektów sakralnych w państwie zakonnym w Prusach – na przykładzie miast
Saints as patrons of the sacral objects in the cities in the state of the Teutonic Order
Autorzy:: Rozynkowski, Waldemar
Tematy:: patronage
saints
Teutonic Order
Prussia; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne Diecezji Elbląskiej w Elblągu
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2154339.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The author discusses the medieval practice in the State of the Teutonic Order of placing sacral objects, especially parish and monastic churches, cathedrals and hospital chapels, under patronage of selected saints. Though there was nothing exceptional about it in the Christian Europe, the choice of saints, dependent on their particular traits and popularity, is interesting. Among the most popular ones were, of course, the Holy Virgin Mary, venerated especially by the Cistersians and Dominicans, St George, St John the Evangelist and St Nicholas – the latter being the patron of merchants and sailors. It may be safely said that local cults correlated to a large degree with the presence or absence of particular religious orders in the area, with their preferences as to the patronage of certain saints over others. One of the most widely known saints in Europe was undoubtedly St James, especially along the popular pilgrimage route from Prussia to Santiago de Compostella. St Adalbert of Prague also deserves special mention, especially for his mission and martyrdom in Prussia.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: The General Procurators of the Teutonic Order Towards the Polish-Teutonic Conflict
Autorzy:: Bar, Přemysl
Tematy:: General Procurators
Teutonic Order
Polish-Teutonic Order conflict
dispatches
Roman curia
Council of Constance and Basel; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28697006.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The article deals with the activities of the General Procurators of the Teutonic Order regarding the Polish-Teutonic dispute in the first thirty years of the fifteenth century. Based on their dispatches sent to Marienburg, it can be assumed that the Procurators were not passive executors of the Grand Master’s orders. Their frequently occurring disagreements resulted not only from their distinctive personal qualities but also from their different perspectives on assessing what was in the best interest of the Teutonic Order. The Grand Masters lacked professional knowledge not only of law (especially canon law) but also of how the Roman curia functioned.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Nowa praca o traktatach państwowych Zakonu Krzyżackiego w Prusach
Kwartalnik Historyczny R. 95 nr 3 (1988)
Autorzy:: Biskup, Marian (1922–2012)
Współwytwórcy:: Instytut Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Wydawca:: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe
Powiązania:: Kwartalnik Historyczny
Opis:: s. 217-228
Tytuł pracy recenzowanej : Klaus Neitmann, Die Staatsverträge des Deutschen Ordens in Preußen 1230-1449 : Studien zur Diplomatie eines spätmittelalterlichen deutschen Territorialstaats, Köln ; Wien 1986, Böhlau, ss. 692, Neue Forschungen zur Brandenburg-Preussischen Geschichte ; Bd. 6
p.217-228
Reviewed book : Klaus Neitmann, Die Staatsverträge des Deutschen Ordens in Preußen 1230-1449 : Studien zur Diplomatie eines spätmittelalterlichen deutschen Territorialstaats, Köln ; Wien 1986, Böhlau, ss. 692, Neue Forschungen zur Brandenburg-Preussischen Geschichte ; Bd. 6
Dostawca treści:: RCIN - Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych

Książka

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Einstellung der bevölkerung Preussens zur herrschaft der Ordensritter
Attitude of the population of Prussia to the reign of the Teutonic Knights
Autorzy:: Ekdahl, Sven
Tematy:: Zakon krzyżacki
Grunwald
Prusy
Teutonic Order
Prussia; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1065305.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The history of the Lizard Union proves existance of strong opposition against the rule of the Teutonic Knights even before its defeat at the battle of Grunwald (Tannenberg). That hostile attitude was clearly expressed when several banners of Chełmno Lands (banner – unit of the cavalry) left the battlefield on July 15, 1410 by the end of the battle. Moreover, a country knights took over the town and castle of Ostróda for the Polish king to help him to march to Marienburg. Other knights, among them Nicolaus of Renis (Mikołaj z Ryńska), planned to take the Marienburg in a similar manner. In this context it has to be pointed out that the country's nobility of Chełmno Lands was not required to fight outside its borders for the Order after the privilege for Chełmno of 1233. Participation in military campaigns beyond the Vistula River and its tributaries Drewenz and Ossa was performed voluntarily and those who were taking part received from the Order payment and compensation for all incurred losses. The following campaigns can be set as an examples: Samaiten 1402, Gotland 1404 and Dobrzyń 1409. At the end of 1410 a cash payment of 4,000 marks was made on the orders of the Grand Master for Chełmno Lands. The sum, which was the equivalent of about 300 war horses, was not completely used what deeply disappointed the knights who valued higher their losses. An open question remains concerning to what extent that special arrangement for the Chełmno Lands had impact on the behavior of parts of their chivalry in the battle of Grunwald. Similar agreements were also held with the knights in Warmia and in the New March (Neumark); they could also be used for military service outside their borders only voluntary under the above enumerated conditions. This became a problem for the Teutonic Order and often led to annoyance particularly with the nobles in the New March. The four bishops of Pomesania, Warmia, Chełmno Lands and Kulm paid homage to the Polish king after the battle of Grunwald, as did the abbess of St. Bridget in Gdańsk who wrote a request for assistance to Władysław Jagiello slightly after the Polish-Lithuanian victory. Her wishes were promptly answered in the affirmative manner on 6th August. The case of Bishop Heinrich Vogelsang of Warmia is of particular interest because he set out for Poland in late September or early October and was therefore considered by the Teutonic Order as a traitor. Grand Master Heinrich von Plauen sought long in vain to replace him with a supporter of the Teutonic Order. The major cities in Prussia seemed to have an ambivalent attitude towards the heavy defeat of the Knights. According to the messages that reached the Bishop of Poznan on July 29 and briefly after, the inhabitants of Thorn beheaded their komtur and killed 50 Order soldiers. A similar fate suffered other Order soldiers in Gdansk mid-August. The city Elblag apologized later for paying the homage to the Polish king using as an excuse the fact that the German Order prohibited repeatedly to repair the damaged city walls. In the general analysis of this issue the following questions are worth answering: How different were the reactions of the inhabitants of Prussia to the changing military and political situation after the battle of Grunwald? Can the different forms of behavior be recognized depending on social class? And were the numerous tributes the result of desperation and seeing the situation as "hopeless" or rather an expression of long-suppressed resentment of Teutonic Order’s authority?
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Prozopografia pruskiej gałęzi zakonu niemieckiego w pierwszej połowie XIV wieku. Uwagi krytyczne na marginesie książki Norberta Delestowicza
Prosopography of the Prussian Branch of the Teutonic Order in the First Half of the 14th Century: Critical Remarks on the Book by Norbert Delestowicz
Autorzy:: Krajniak, Radosław
Tematy:: Teutonic Order
Teutonic Knights
Prussia
late Middle Ages
prosopography; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32388146.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The book by Norbert Delestowicz on members of the Teutonic Order in the first half of the 14th century was highly anticipated within the scholarly community, and the research conducted by the historian from Poznań seemed promising. Until now, comprehensive biographies were prepared only for the representatives of the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order, who appeared in primary sources up to 1309. In his endeavour to bridge this historiographical gap, the author of the reviewed book undertook an extensive effort to create a collective portrait of the analysed group and to construct several hundred biographies of Teutonic knights, priests, and sariant-brothers. However, the laborious task of accurately collecting and organising the vast amount of source material posed numerous challenges for the author, leading to evident shortcomings. This discussion article aims to highlight various errors that can be found throughout the book, including those in the general chapters, individual biographies, and the appended lists of Teutonic officials and convent members. Many of these errors suggest the disorder that prevailed during the creation of different parts of the book, as well as shortcomings stemming from incomplete or inadequate use of available primary sources and relevant scholarly publications. Regrettably, the extent of identified deficiencies prevents us from considering the reviewed monograph as a fully successful scholarly publication.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Zakonu Niemieckiego interpretatio Polonica. Uwagi o krzyżackim wątku dzieła naukowego Gerarda Labudy
Autorzy:: Dorna, Maciej
Tematy:: Gerard Labuda
zakon krzyżacki
historiografia
Teutonic Order
historiography; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1900642.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: This paper describes the approach of one of the greatest Polish medievalists, Gerard Labuda, to the question of the Teutonic Order and its role in the history of Poland and the whole Baltic region.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Organizacja administracji państwa zakonnego w Prusach do końca XIII wieku
The organization of the administration of the state of the Teutonic Order in Prussia until the end of the 13th century
Autorzy:: Grala, Tomasz
Tematy:: średniowiecze
Krzyżacy
historia
Middle Ages
Teutonic Order
history; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1026462.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Formed during the crusading movement, the Teutonic Knights developed the internal structures in the Holy Land after the act of 1198, structures which survived several centuries and proved to be very useful in the process of building their own state in Prussia. The following work briefly presents the offices of the deputy of the Grandmaster and the chief of military affairs, the official responsible for all hospital affairs, the official responsible for dressing and armament, the treasurer and the castellan. All these officials, except for the castellan, formed the group of the great nobles in Prussia from the 14th century. The increase in property outside the Holy Land contributed to the vertical power structure. A pioneering period in the history of the Teutonic Knights ended during the reign of Grand Master Hermann von Salza; then a new period of building their own state on the Baltic began. Equipped with the imperial privilege, the Teutonic Knights came to the Vistula, where they received from Konrad Mazowiecki in 1230 the privilege conferring the land of Chełmn on them, the land which was the territorial base of their future activity in Prussia. Since then, supported by the knights from western Europe and Germany, they systematically had been conquering Prussia. In the early period of the conquest Polish dukes also helped them. The Teutonic Knights were the winners in the dispute with the Bishop of Prussia, Christian. After suppressing two Prussian uprisings and conquering the land of Jaćwież, the Teutonic Order reached the line of the Niemen and strengthened its reign in the whole Prussia. The organization of the formed religious state was of monarchical type. Dualistic, that is, theocratic and feudal character of the state affected administrative divisions introduced by the Knights. They built well-functioning administration, whose characteristic feature was the division into commandries. Although the number of commandries was not steady and the range of their influence would change, generally the primary administrative divisions survived until the fall of the monastic state in Prussia. Among the source material used in this work the chronicles included in Scriptores Rerum Prusicarum are of the basic importance. These chronicles are as follows: The Prussian Chronicle by Peter of Dusburg, The Chronicle of Oliwa by Abbot Stanislaus. In addition, the author used works by German and Polish historians such as: the works of Gerard Labuda, Marian Biskup, Sławomir Jóźwiak, the collective work edited by Zenon Hubert Nowak, S. Kujot, Hartmut Boockmann, Udo Arnold. The full list of the used sources and literature is in the footnotes.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: The Teutonic Order and monasteries in Gdańsk Pomerania in the first half of the 14th century
Zakon krzyżacki a klasztory na Pomorzu Gdańskim w pierwszej połowie XIV w.
Autorzy:: Kubicki, Rafał
Tematy:: Teutonic Order
Cistercians
Norbertines
Mendicant Friars
Gdańsk Pomerania; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28712936.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Przedmiotem opracowania jest próba charakterystyki polityki prowadzonej przez zakon krzyżacki (niemiecki) wobec klasztorów na Pomorzu Gdańskim w pierwszej połowie XIV w. W dotychczasowych ocenach tradycyjnie wskazywano na konsekwentnie stosowane ograniczenia odnośnie do fundacji klasztorów mniszych w Prusach i dążenie zakonu niemieckiego do poddania ścisłej kontroli wszystkich zgromadzeń posiadających swoje siedziby na Pomorzu Gdańskim. W artykule wskazano przede wszystkim na dwa czynniki mające wpływ na relacje zakonu niemieckiego z klasztorami na Pomorzu Gdańskim, to jest na proces implantacji klasztorów i terytorializacji urzędów zakonu niemieckiego na Pomorzu Gdańskim. Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika, że relacje zakonu niemieckiego z klasztorami na Pomorzu Gdańskim były nie tyle następstwem konsekwentnie realizowanej przez niego polityki, ale raczej wypadkową wielu czynników, wynikających z sytuacji panującej w danym zgromadzeniu zakonnym (cystersi) i odnośnie do konkretnego klasztoru (przy kład dominikanów w Gdańsku). Przy czym zakon niemiecki występował zazwyczaj jako władca terytorialny, potwierdzający transakcje kupna–sprzedaży względnie nadania lub zamiany dóbr oraz jako arbiter w sporach z innymi instytucjami (z władzami miejskimi). Funkcję taką pełnili miejscowi komturzy lub sam wielki mistrz zakonu. Udział tego ostatniego był zazwyczaj związany z potrzebą ogólnej regulacji, jak w przypadku generalnej konfirmacji dla dóbr klasztoru w Oli wie i Żarnowcu dokonanej przez wielkiego mistrza Ludolfa Königa. Ogólnie, wzajemne relacje zakonu z klasztorami były poprawne, jeśli nie wręcz dobre. Trzeba też podkreślić, że stanowisko zakonu niemieckiego wobec klasztorów na Pomorzu Gdańskim było elementem szerszej polityki kościelnej prowadzonej na tym terenie także wobec biskupa włocławskiego i arcybiskupa gnieźnieńskiego.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Techniki budowy zamków w ziemi chełmińskiej. Nowe dane w świetle badań archeologiczno‑architektonicznych z lat 2016–2018
Autorzy:: Wasik, Bogusz
Tematy:: castles
construction
construction technique
Teutonic Order
Chełmno Land; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28713085.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: In the years 2016–2018, as part of the research project “Castra terrae culmensis – na rubieży chrześcijańskiego świata”, five castles at the Chełmno land were studied. They supplemented the existing knowledge concerning construction techniques. Castles in Starogród and Bierzgłowo represent the oldest period of brick construction in Prussia. They constituted a continuation of wood and earth fortifications. When building the walls, the older embankments were completely removed (Starogród) or lowered (Bierzgłowo). The curtains were set in narrow ditches, at different levels. The castle in Lipienek represents a type of castle, which was built around 1280. However, it was located in the place of a gord, which deviates from the rule when it comes to this type of castles. However, here the builders took advantage of designing methods, construction staging, and large embankment works typical for such type of castles. However, the presence of a rampart forced a modification of the standard technique. It was necessary to partially level it in order to be able to build the basement walls individually. The presence of earthworks – embankments, was also found in the fore court II in Papowo Biskupie. They were also characteristic for irregular castle zwingers erected during this period (Starogród, Bierzgłowo). Whereas, in Unisław it is possible to trace the technique of building an arcade foundation.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Techniki budowy zamków w typie kasztelu w państwie krzyżackim w Prusach
Techniques of construction of castellumtype castles in the state of the Teutonic Order in Prussia
Autorzy:: Wasik, Bogusz
Tematy:: zamki krzyżackie
kasztele
zamki konwentualne
średniowieczne techniki budowlane
zakon krzyżacki
Teutonic Order castle
Castelle
conventual castles
medieval building techniques
Teutonic Order; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1927169.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: W artykule scharakteryzowane zostały techniki budowy zamków regularnych (kasztelowych) w Prusach. Wznoszono je od ok. 1280 r., kiedy to stabilizacja i rozwój państwa stworzyły podstawy do rozwoju monumentalnej architektury. Okres ten charakteryzuje ilościowy i jakościowy rozwój budownictwa. Wysoka klasa architektury szła w parze z rozwojem technik budowlanych i realizacją przemyślanych inwestycji. Nowsze badania wskazują, że zamki kasztelowe budowano według podobnych schematów, począwszy od wyboru miejsca budowy, przez projektowanie, porządek prac murarskich, po wielki nakład prac ziemnych. Cechy te, powtarzalne do pocz. XV w., wskazują na obecność ugruntowanej tradycji budowlanej w Prusach.
The article describes the techniques of building regularly-shaped castles (Castelle) in Prussia. They started to appear around 1280, when the stabilization and development of the state provided a basis for the development of monumental architecture. This period is characterized by rapid advances in architecture, both in quantitative and in qualitative terms. The development of high-class architecture was accompanied by progress in building techniques and the completion of well thoughtout investments. More recent studies indicate that castellum-type castles were built according to similar patterns, ranging from the choice of a construction site, through design, order of masonry work, to extensive earthworks. These features, repetitive until the beginning of the 15th century, evidence the presence of a well-established building tradition in Prussia.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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