Temat: action explanation - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Deliberation and Automaticity in Habitual Acts
Autorzy:: Douskos, Christos
Tematy:: habit
deliberation
automaticity
action explanation; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/781205.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Most philosophers and psychologists assume that habitual acts do not ensue from deliberation, but are direct responses to the circumstances: habit essentially involves a variety of automaticity. My objective in this paper is to show that this view is unduly restrictive. A habit can explain an act in various ways. Pointing to the operation of automaticity is only one of them. I draw attention to the fact that acquired automaticity is one outgrowth of habituation that is relevant to explanation, but not the only one. Habituation shapes our emotional and motivational make up in ways that affect deliberation itself. Hence mentioning a habit might be indispensable in explaining an act which nevertheless ensues from deliberation. The view that habitual acts are direct responses to the circumstances implies an impoverished conception of habit, which fails to do justice to its rich explanatory potential in theoretical and pre-theoretical contexts, as well as to its role in the history of philosophy.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: From Teleology to Backward Causation: How Do They Contribute to Our Understanding of the Nature of Concepts?
Autorzy:: Poręba, Marcin
Tematy:: teleology
purposive action
functional explanation
concepts
backward causation
time
space-time; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/56919679.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The paper analyses the traditional concept of teleology, as well as its modern descendant, the concept of function (as used in the context of so-called functional explanations), against the background of such notions as purposive action, concepts, causality, time, and space-time. The author distinguishes several meanings of teleology and shows that their dialectics reveal their dependence on the concept of backward causation. The classical approach to backward causation, due famously to Michael Dummett, according to which it is a relation between items such as macroscopic things, events, actions, and so on, is rejected in favor of the view that future causes should be conceptualized in probabilistic terms. The paper lays special stress on the issue of concepts and their proper treatment as nonlocal entities, as opposed to their understanding as wholly present at dimensionless points in space-time. Using this approach, the author argues for the following disjunction: When trying to account for teleology and purposive action, we must either deeply reconsider the traditional, local view of concepts, or we must take backward causation seriously. It is of the nature of disjunction that both alternatives may eventually turn out to be true.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Kultura – działanie – metoda
Culture – Action – Method
Autorzy:: Zaporowski, Andrzej
Tematy:: kultura
działanie
zdarzenie
metoda
wyjaśnienie
interpretacja
postawa propozycjonalna
culture
action
event
method
explanation
interpretation
propositional attitude; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1807371.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: One of the objects of analysis of the studies in culture is a relation between culture and action. However, this object is problematic. The aim of this article is to propose a method which allows one to analyze this problematization. I mean two elements. Firstly, I investigate a kind of determination/connection between the parts of the relation in question. Secondly, I ask for a vocabulary in which the said determination/connection takes place. Both elements contribute to a possibly simple theoretical model which allows of simulation of imaginable scenarios of the ordered actions (including, interactions) performed by the cultural individuals. As a derivate of the analytic potential, the proposed method is then to explain the particular events called the human actions of non-reflexive nature.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Unconscious perception, action, and the problem of attribution
Autorzy:: Zięba, Paweł
Opis:: According to Phillips, (1) genuine perception is attributable to the individual (i.e. it is a personal state/event, as opposed to sub-personal states/events in the individual’s brain); (2) since unconscious perceptual representations are ill-suited to guide action, there is no good reason to attribute them to the individual; (3) not being attributable to the individual, they do not instantiate genuine perception, thereby failing to support the hypothesis that genuine perception can occur unconsciously. I argue that this reasoning is flawed and cannot be easily fixed. Phillips contends that unconscious perceptual representations do not guide action because they fail to meet certain conditions that are sufficient for action guidance. But those conditions may not be necessary for action guidance. Consequently, unconscious perceptual representations may guide action even if they do not meet Phillips' conditions. Furthermore, due to his commitment to the distinction between personal and sub-personal states/events, Phillips is not in a position to argue that his conditions are necessary for action guidance. For the distinction applies to action as well as to perception, and when genuine action is identified by personal-level criteria, Phillips' conditions turn out unnecessary for action guidance.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Model of signal transmission in glutamatergic neuron; implementation in SciLab.
Matematyczny model przetwarzania sygnałów w neuronie na przykładzie neuronu glutamatergicznego; implementacja modelu w programie SciLab
Autorzy:: Oleniacz, Patrycja
Opis:: Istnieje wiele różnych, dobrych i szczegółowych modeli neuronów, do użytku powszechnego dostępne są umożliwiające symulacje neuronów platformy takie jak EONS/Rhenoms™ (Elementary Objects of the Nervous System), czy środowiska typu NEURON. Wiedza o molekularnej strukturze tych komórek i ich funkcjach jest obecnie ogromna i powiększa się z każdym dniem - pomimo tego opisanie w sposób wyczerpujący mechanizmu przetwarzania sygnału przez neurony jest trudne między innymi ze względu na ogromną różnorodność biologiczną. W tej pracy proponuję model przekształcania sygnału przez przykładowy uproszczony neuron glutamatergiczny od funkcji zmieniających się stężeń neuroprzekaźnika w okolicy synaps wejściowych komórki, do wyjściowej funkcji wyrzutu glutaminianu z zakończenia aksonu i jego implementację w programie SciLab. Jest to złożenie dobrze znanych modeli, jednak żywię nadzieję, że zapisanie w jednej pracy najważniejszych zasad przetwarzania sygnału w neuronie, włącznie ze sposobem możliwego wpływu pola magnetycznego na generowanie się potencjałów czynnościowych, może pomóc rzucić światło na współczesne problemy w neurobiologii, na przykład mechanizm wpływu TMS na neurony, czy umożliwić precyzyjny opis komunikacji niesynaptycznej między neuronami.
There exist many first-rate computational techniques to model neurons, platforms such as EONS/Rhenoms™ (Elementary Objects of the Nervous System) or environments such as NEURON. Knowledge about the molecular structure of neurons is currently vast and growing everyday. Nevertheless, a more precise description of neuronal computation is needed to understand topics such as how TMS works or how much exactly ephaptic coupling affects neural activity.In this work I present some well-known modeling approaches combined into one simple model of a single glutamatergic neuron. Model allows to compute function of glutamate release from the end of an axon when given the glutamate input to the dendritic synapses. The program is written in SciLab and it may be used as an educational tool.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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