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Tytuł:
EFFECTS OF CROSSFIT LESSONS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION ON THE AEROBIC CAPACITY OF YOUNG STUDENTS
Autorzy:
Borras, Pere A.
Herrera, Jordi
Ponseti, Francisco Javier
Tematy:
Aerobic capacity
adolescents
crossfit
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Politechnika Opolska. Wydział Wychowania Fizycznego i Fizjoterapii
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/449249.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Strength training in adolescents is one of the pending subjects of Physical Education. Habitually, improvements in physical condition are solely and exclusively related to training in aerobic resistance. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of the incorporation of Crossfit along with aerobic games on aerobic capacity over a period of 8 weeks in a group of teens during their physical education sessions at the school. The study examined 82 subjects between 16-18 years of age, who were high school students. 40 women and 42 men were distributed into two groups, experimental and control. The results indicate that the effect on aerobic capacity measured through the course navette test is significantly positive through the inclusion of crossfit methodology along with aerobic games in physical education sessions.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The assessment of aerobic physical capacity in young swimmers
Autorzy:
Łubkowska, Wioletta
Troszczyński, Jerzy
Tematy:
aerobic capacity
swimming
young swimmers
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1054716.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
The purpose of this paper was to confront some selected physiological parameters that describe aerobic capacity with young swimmers’ sports achievements. For the study, some athletes with the average age of 14.67, who train swimming at the SMS Szczecin Club, were selected. A progressive test of their oxygen power was performed in order to determine their aerobic capacity, with the means of the European Ranking (LEN). Each swimmer’s sports level was presented in points [pts.]. The swimmers’ characteristics were presented as divided into three groups: (S) – short-distance specialization, (M) – medium-distance specialization and (L) – long-distance specialization. In group (S), maximum oxygen consumption – VO2max [l/min] achieved the levels of 3.95 [l/min] (male swimmers) and 2,77 [l/min] (female swimmers); in group (M) – 4.12 [l/min] and 2.97 [l/min], respectively; and in group (L) – 4.14 [l/min] and 3.338 [l/min]. Among male swimmers, level of VO2 max [ml/kg/min] equaled 58.96 – group (S), 59.72 – group (M) and 62.10 – group (L); while among female swimmers it reached 48.67 (S), 49.36 (M) and 54.60 (L), respectively. The recorded values of VO2 max [ml/kg/min] qualify the young swimmers to the group of people with a very high physical capacity. Our selection of Szczecin’s athletes to individual groups proved to be correct. The considerations presented in the paper bring one’s attention to the substantive quality of the intake and selection of swimmers. In the selection, it is necessary to take such physiologic rates as VO2 max or VO2/HR into consideration.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aerobic capacity of adults with intellectual disabilities
Autorzy:
Gawlik, Krystyna
Zwierzchowska, Anna
Manowska, Beata
Celebańska, Diana
Tematy:
aerobic capacity
intellectual disabilities
adults people
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Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989949.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Introduction. Physical fitness is a resultant of the efficiency of adaptive mechanisms for physical effort. People with intellectual disabilities may exhibit limited adaptive capacities, not only regarding their mental development, but also physiological, social and emotional development. Dysfunctions of the central nervous system observed in individuals with intellectual disabilities cause difficulties in gaining movement experience as well as problems with coordination and kinesthetic sense. Thus, intellectual disability might cause low physical activity and, consequently, low physical fitness. Objective. The aim of the present investigations was to evaluate aerobic capacity of intellectually disabled adults and determine its potential relationships with the degree of intellectual disability, somatic parameters, age and gender. Materials and method. The study group consisted of 85 intellectually disabled adults aged 20 to 40 years. The investigations were based on direct observation of the participants. The following somatic parameters were measured: body height and weight, waist and hip circumference, body fat percentage, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio. Physical fitness was evaluated based on PWC170; VO2max was also calculated. Qualitative assessment of physical fitness level was carried out using Astrand’s classification (with respect to age and gender). Results. 30% of women and 46.3% of men had very low level of aerobic capacity. Absolute values of PWC170 and VO2max were significantly higher in men. However, relative values expressed in millilitres of oxygen per kilogram of body weight did not reveal statistically significant inter-gender differences. Age and degree of intellectual disability did not significantly influence the level of physical fitness. Multiple regression analysis to estimate VO2max/kg revealed a negative correlation with %FAT and WHR. Conclusions. 1. A large sample of the study population (30% female, 46.3% male) showed very low levels of aerobic capacity. 2. Our investigations did not demonstrate a relationship between physical fitness and age or the degree of intellectual disability. Gender turned out to be a differentiating factor but only for the absolute PWC170 and VO2max. 3. The level of physical fitness was significantly related to somatic parameters including body mass, waist and hips circumference, percentage of body fat, BMI and WHR.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The direction of the changes of rates of the internal and external training load under the influence of high-altitude hypoxia on mountain bikers
Autorzy:
Gabrys, Tomasz
Szmatlan-Gabrys, Urszula
Stanula, Arkadiusz
Tematy:
cycling
altitude training
aerobic capacity
hypoxia
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Wydawca:
PPHU Projack Jacek Wąsik
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1922006.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
The aim of the research carried out was to establish the direction, and scope of the changes in internal, and external load indicator values in cyclists, men, and women, in high-altitude hypoxia conditions. The participants of the study were mountain bike cyclists, members of Russian and Polish Nationals Teams (women n=11, men n=9). They have done the graded incremental exercise test at the altitude of 170 m (Lonato del Garda, Italy) and 2250 m (Livignio-Trepale Italy). In the course of effort VO2, VE, VCO2 was measured by means of K4b2 analyser (Cosmed Italy). Effort intensity was determined at ventilators thresholds VT1 (AT), and VT2. Internal and external load indicators undergo changes during physical effort in cyclists under the influence of high altitude hypoxia. In groups of men and women, the changes in indicator values reach VE: 9% and 12%, HR: 0,5% and 15, O2HR: 7% and 15%, VO2: 14% and 20% respectively, as well as a decrease in 5 and 4% of the generated power, respectively. A decrease in the generated power by 5%, higher ventilation, amounting to 10%, a higher VO2max, amounting to 17% in hypoxic conditions, in comparison with the conditions similar to those at sea level, show that it is necessary to modify training loads.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How genetic predispositions may have impact on injury and success in sport
Autorzy:
Czarnik-Kwaśniak, Justyna
Kwaśniak, Konrad
Tabarkiewicz, Jacek
Tematy:
sport
genetic predispositio
endurance performance
aerobic capacity
injury
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Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/454900.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Introduction. Studies investigating the determinants of physical endurance were initiated nearly 30 years ago. The research was inspired by the curiosity to find out about the nature of talent for sport and why some athletes are better than others, despite the same or even greater effort in training routine, diet and the supplementation. An attempt was therefore made to determine the genotype of a perfect athlete, but conducted research showed that it is a very difficult task. Although 140 genes were proposed to affect of ideal sportsman fitness, scientists are still far from formulating answers about the nature of physical abilities and genotype. Aim. Our main goal was to review the literature about the selected genes and polymorphisms which are most often investigated in the context in relation to injury in sports. Materials and methods. Analysis of literature from US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, PubMED, Google Scholar. Results. We review the selected genes and polymorphisms which are most often investigated in the context in relation to injury in sports, we also present the function of genetic variants prevalent in athletes which are able to achieve better physiological adaptation during the training. Conclusions. There are probably more than 140 genes involved in physical performance. Changes in even one nucleotide within the gene (SNP) can improve the body’s adaptation to better physical performance and the frequency of injury to athletes.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental evolution of aerobic exercise performance and hematological traits in bank voles
Autorzy:
Sadowska, Edyta
Koteja, Paweł
Dheyongera, Geoffrey
Lipowska, Małgorzata
Opis:
The maximum rate of aerobic exercise metabolism (VO_{2}max) is a trait informative from both medical and evolutionary perspective, and both the physiological mechanisms limiting its level and its evolution are subject to vivid debate. Both comparative analyses and studies on the effects of training or acclimation to aerobically demanding conditions suggest a role of oxygen transport-related properties of blood in limiting VO_{2}max. Here we used a unique experimental evolution model - lines of bank voles selected for high rate of swim-induced aerobic metabolism (VO_{2}swim; A lines), which evolved a 60% higher VO_{2}swim than that observed in unselected control lines (C) - and asked how the hematological parameters evolved in response to the selection. Voles from the A lines had a decreased hemoglobin concentration in cardiac blood samples (adjusted means ± SE, A: 14.7 ± 1.1, C: 15.3 ± 1.1 g/dl; p=.008), hematocrit (A: 51.7 ± 4.5, C: 53.8 ± 4.2%; p=.042) and tended to have less erythrocytes per microliter of blood (A: 11.5 ± 1.4, C: 12.7 ± 1.3 mln/μl; p=.083). The effect of selection was more pronounced in males than in females. Thus, selection for high aerobic-exercise performance resulted in a paradoxical decrease in traits positively associated with oxygen-carrying capacity per unit of blood volume, and the effect was sex-dependent. However, as a decreased blood viscosity associated with the lowered hematocrit reduces the costs of blood circulation, it can be hypothesized that the change can actually boost the oxygen supply to peripheral tissues.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ doboru w kierunku zwiększenia maksymalnej wydolności tlenowej na parametry erytrocytów nornicy rudej (Myodes glareolus)
Impact of selection towards high maximum aerobic capacity on erythrocytary parameters of a bank vole (Myodes glareolus)
Autorzy:
Lipowska, Małgorzata
Opis:
A laboratory model mimicking evolutionary pressure that leads to optimization of a certain trait is a tool used to observe evolutionary tendencies and internal correlations between various traits of an organism. Comparison of animals belonging to same species, but undergoing different selection regimes may let us observe evolution in controlled environment. Differences between control, unselected group and animals whose aerobic performance got elevated this way may gives us hints concerning the evolution of endothermy, and also which one, if not all of the elements of the metabolic pathway, is responsible for limiting its rate.In the present study the erythrocyte parameters and hemoglobin concentration in blood was measured and compared between bank voles belonging to eight independent breeding lines, divided into two groups – i) four lines undergoing selection towards maximizing aerobic capacity during voluntary exercise, and ii) four lines consisting of unselected, control animals. The influence of selection was found out to be contrary to expected results, connected with ability to achieve higher oxygen concentration and diffusion rate in blood. In turn, decrease in hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte count was observed in selected animals and, especially in case of one selected line, a rise in red blood cell volume was noticed. Such effect, although counterintuitive, is not fully abnormal, since some species living in environment that creates challenge for oxygen transport system (high altitude, cold climate) also were found to have larger and less numerous erythrocytes than related species living in milder conditions. We may also suppose that the observed effect is secondary to other adaptive changes that occurred in response to selection, since slight drop of blood ability to transport oxygen can be compensated by higher performance of traits such as circulation rate and tissue vascularization.
Hodowla laboratoryjna zwierząt prowadząca selekcję w kierunku maksymalizacji określonej cechy czy parametru organizmu pozwala na obserwację zmian ewolucyjnych w kontrolowanych warunkach, a także na wnioskowanie na temat możliwego przebiegu ewolucji i wzajemnego powiązania cech. Zwierzęta selekcjonowane pod kątem zwiększenia maksymalnej wydolności tlenowej mogą pomóc zrozumieć mechanizm wykształcenia się endotermii i wskazać cechy odpowiadające za ograniczenie tempa metabolizmu tlenowego. Jednym z postulowanych czynników mogących stanowić barierę dla dalszego wzrostu wydolności tlenowej jest krew i jej elementy morfologiczne, odpowiadające za transport tlenu z pęcherzyków płucnych do tkanek. W prezentowanej pracy porównano zawartość hemoglobiny i cechy morfologiczne erytrocytów we krwi nornic rudych należących do ośmiu niezależnych linii hodowlanych, podzielonych na dwie grupy – i) cztery linie, w których zwierzęta selekcjonowane są pod kątem wysokiej wydolności tlenowej i ii) cztery linie nie poddawanych selekcji zwierząt kontrolnych. Nie zaobserwowano oczekiwanych zmian w kierunku zwiększenia stężenia hemoglobiny i liczby erytrocytów czy spadku ich wielkości. Stwierdzono natomiast tendencję przeciwną do optymalnej, objawiającą się spadkiem stężenia hemoglobiny, liczby erytrocytów i, prezentowanym przede wszystkim przez jedną z linii hodowlanych, wzrostem objętości erytrocytów. Efekt taki może być w pewnym stopniu wytłumaczony przez analogię do niektórych organizmów wysokogórskich i żyjących w zimnym klimacie, których erytrocyty są większe i mniej liczne niż u spokrewnionych gatunków żyjących w środowisku nie wywierającym tak silnej presji na wydajność elementów szlaku metabolizmu tlenowego. Można też sądzić, że obserwowany efekt mogący teoretycznie zmniejszyć zdolność krwi do transportu tlenu jest efektem wtórnym dostosowania usprawniającego rozprowadzenie krwi w organizmie, jako że mniejsze stężenie tlenu w jednostce objętości krwi może być częściowo kompensowane przez np. przyspieszenie jej cyrkulacji czy większe unaczynienie tkanek.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Inne
Tytuł:
The assessment of aerobic physical capacity in young swimmers
Autorzy:
Łubkowska, Wioletta
Troszczyński, Jerzy
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Cytata wydawnicza:
Łubkowska W., Troszczyński J., The assessment of aerobic physical capacity in young swimmers. Centr Eur J Sport Sci Med. 2013; 2: 21-29.
Opis:
Wioletta Łubkowska
Celem pracy była konfrontacja wybranych parametrów fizjologicznych, określających wydolność tlenową z poziomem sportowym młodych pływaków. Uczestnikami badań byli wyselekcjonowani zawodnicy o średniej wieku 14,67 lat, uprawiający pływanie w SMS Szczecin. Celem oceny wydolności tlenowej zastosowano progresywny test mocy tlenowej. Posłużono się „Rankingiem Europejskim” (LEN). Poziom sportowy każdego zawodnika przedstawiono w punktach [pkt]. Charakterystykę pływaków ukazano w podziale na trzy grupy: (K) – specjalizacja krótkodystansowa, (Ś) – średniodystansowa i (D) – długodystansowa. Maksymalny pobór (zużycie) tlenu – VO2max [l/min] kształtował się w grupie (K) u pływaków na poziomie 3,95 [l/min], u pływaczek 2,77 [l/min]; w grupie (Ś) odpowiednio - 4,12 [l/min] i 2,97 [l/min] oraz w grupie (D) – 4,14 [l/min] i 3,338 [l/min]. Poziom VO2max [ml/kg/min] wynosił u pływaków 58,96 w grupie (K), 59,72 w grupie (Ś) i 62,10 w grupie (D). U pływaczek odpowiednio – 48,67 w grupie (K), 49,36 w grupie (Ś) i 54,60 w grupie (D). Osiągnięte wielkości VO2max [ml/kg/min] kwalifikują młodych pływaków i pływaczki do grupy osób o bardzo wysokim wskaźniku wydolności fizycznej. Dobór szczecińskich zawodników do poszczególnych grup okazał się właściwy. Przedstawione rozważania zwracają również uwagę na merytoryczną jakość przeprowadzenia naboru i selekcji w sporcie pływackim. W postępowaniu selekcyjnym należy brać pod uwagę wskaźniki fizjologiczne, takie jak: VO2max czy VO2/HR.
Purpose of this paper was to confront some selected physiological parameters that describe aerobic capacity with young swimmers’ sports achievements. For the study, some athletes with the average age of 14,67, who train swimming in SMS Szczecin club, were selected. In order to determine their aerobic capacity, a progressive test of their oxygen power was performed. The “European Ranking” was used (LEN). Each swimmer’s sports level was presented in points [pkt]. The swimmers’ characteristics were presented as divided to three groups: (S) – short-distance specialization, (M) – medium-distance specialization and (L) – long-distance specialization. In group (S), maximum oxygen consumption – VO2max [l/min] achieved the levels of 3,95 [l/min] (male swimmers) and 2,77 [l/min] (female swimmers); in group (M) - 4,12 [l/min] and 2,97 [l/min], respectively; and in group (L) – 4,14 [l/min] and 3,338 [l/min]. Among male swimmers, level of VO2max [ml/kg/min] equaled 58,96 - group (S), 59,72 - group (M) and 62,10 – group (L); while among female swimmers it reached 48,67 (S), 49,36 (M) and 54,60 (L), respectively. The recorded values of VO2max [ml/kg/min] qualify the young swimmers to the group of people with a very high physical capacity. Our selection of Szczecin’s athletes to individual groups proved to be correct. The considerations presented in the paper bring one’s attention to the substantive quality of the intake and selection of swimmers. In the selection it is necessary to take such physiologic rates as VO2max or VO2/HR should be taken into consideration.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Centrum Otwartej Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 24

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