Temat: alcohol consumption

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Selected behaviors and health awareness of athletes practicing martial arts
Autorzy:: Nowak, Leonard
Nowak, Maria Alicja
Umiastowska, Danuta
Wydawca:: Agencja Wydawnicza MEDSPORTPRESS Sp. z o.o.
Fundacja Edukacji Medycznej, Promocji Zdrowia, Sztuki i Kultury ARS MEDICA
Cytata wydawnicza:: Nowak M.A., Umiastowska D., Nowak L.: Selected behaviors and health awareness of athletes practicing martial arts, Journal of Combat Sports and Martial Arts 2013; 1(2); Vol. 4, 41-46.
Opis:: Introduction. The aim of the research was to find the answers to the questions of: which health-related behaviors are displayed by martial arts athletes, especially by champions, and what relationships there are between their health-related behaviors and their perception of health-threatening factors. Material and methods. The study (between 2009 and 2011)involved 134 athletes practicing martial arts. The diagnostic survey method was employed, with the use of the questionnaire technique.In the statistical examination of the results the trait frequency, the χ 2 independence test, and the multiple correspondence analysis were employed. Results. Most athletes did not smoke (83.6%). The athletes practicing taekwondo declared consumption of alcoholic beverages (85.7%), while those practicing wrestling were most often non-drinkers (87.0%) (p=0.0000). Athletes with the highest sporting level (champions) mostly did not smoke (93.3%) and abstained from drinking alcoholic beverages (59.1%). It was observed that those who regularly smoked more often failed to perceive tobacco consumption as a health risk (92.3%) (p=0.0000). Athletes who frequently drank alcoholic beverages did not see this behavior as dangerous to their health (41.7%) (p=0.0000). Conclusions. Athletes who display health-oriented behaviors are highly aware of smoking and frequent consumption of alcoholic beverages being health-threatening factors. In reducing the risk factors related to smoking and frequent consumption of alcoholic beverages, martial arts—based on a specific philosophy and lifestyle that requires a reflective attitude towards one’s own conduct and respecting the rules of fair play—should become a means of developing health-oriented behaviors among youth.
Maria Alicja Nowak
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Centrum Otwartej Nauki

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Tytuł:: Features of behavior, diet, alcohol consumption, smoking, and psychological state and their relationships with the academic performance of junior medicine students
Cechy zachowania, dieta, spożycie alkoholu, palenie papierosów oraz stan psychologiczny i ich związek z osiągnięciami naukowymi studentów niższych lat medycyny
Autorzy:: Korovina, L.
Zaporozhets, T.
Boyechko, F.
Tematy:: students
alcohol consumption
behavior
academic success; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048847.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Background. Peculiarities of behavior and nutrition, living conditions, consumption of alcohol, smoking, and psychological state are factors that can influence students’ academic performance. Material and methods. 327 healthy 1-2-year students aged 18.8±0.1 years were interviewed about lifestyle, consumption of various types of foods and alcohol, intensity and duration of smoking, fasting experience, satisfaction with their degree of wealth and family relationships, sleep duration and sleep disorders, and the number of physical and psychological traumas. Anxiety, self-esteem, academic ability, and academic performance were determined. Results. Students’ nighttime sleep duration was 7.1±0.1 hours; sleep disorders were observed in 40.1% of students. Vegetables were consumed daily by 31.4% students. 70.8% of males and 57.8% of females were satisfied with wealth. The females’ academic performance was higher. Alcohol consumption was higher among females from wealthy families, but lower than among males. Conclusions. Academic performance was negatively related to the weekly dose of alcohol consumed. The academic ability level of abstainers was higher than that of alcohol users. Alcohol users showed an inverse relationship between alcohol consumption and anxiety. Differences were found in factors contributing to alcohol use by young men and women. Academic performance was lower in individuals who fasted for more than one day.
Wprowadzenie. Osobliwości zachowania i odżywania, warunków życia, spożycia alkoholu, palenie papierosów, a także stan psychologiczny są czynnikami wpływającymi na osiągnięcia studentów. Materiał i metody. W badaniu wzięło udział 327 zdrowych studentów I i II roku medycyny w wieku 18,8±0,1 lat. Zostali zapytani o styl życia, spożycie różnych pokarmów i alkoholu, intensywność i długość palenia papierosów, poszczenie, stopień zadowolenia ze zdrowia i relacji rodzinnych, długość i zaburzenia snu oraz doświadczenie traum fizycznych i psychologicznych. Określono na tej podstawie stopień niepokoju, poczucia własnej wartości, zdolności i osiągnięć akademickich. Wyniki. Czas snu studentów wynosił 7,1±0,1 godziny, a zaburzenia snu zaobserwowano u 40,1% studentów. 31,4% studentów spożywało codziennie warzywa. 70,8% mężczyzn i 57,8% kobiet było zadowolonych z własnego statusu materialnego. Osiągnięcia akademickie kobiet były wyższe. Większe spożycia alkoholu zanotowano u kobiet z zamożnych rodzin, niższe jednak niż wśród mężczyzn. Wnioski. Osiągnięcia były negatywnie skorelowane z tygodniową dawką spożywanego alkoholu. Poziom zdolności akademickich był wyższy u abstynentów niż u osób spożywających alkohol. U osób spożywających alkohol wystąpiło sprzężenie zwrotne pomiędzy spożyciem alkoholu a stopniem niepokoju. Zaobserwowano różnice w czynnikach przyczyniających się do spożywania alkoholu przez młodych mężczyzn i kobiety. Mniejsze osiągnięcia wykazały osoby poszczące dłużej niż jeden dzień.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Alcohol consumption patterns among young people from rural areas of Lublin province
Autorzy:: Makara-Studzińska, Marta
Urbańska, Anna
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Tytuł:: Damage reduction and alcohol drinking reduction programs in social welfare homes as an alternative to traditional abstinence interventions
Autorzy:: Łukasz, Kołodziej,
Tematy:: damage reduction
reduced alcohol consumption
alcohol addiction
social welfare; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/893245.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Introduction. At present, there is only one social welfare home (DPS) in Poland for alcohol addicts, and two units of this type have wards specializing in alcohol addiction, so few have a chance to stay in a DPS. Alcohol addicted residents of DPS often have had many unsuccessful attempts to take addiction therapy, so the likelihood that another stay in a specialized center will bring a permanent change in stopping alcohol consumption is low. The purpose of the article is to popularise knowledge among social welfare homes workers about the programs of reducing alcohol consumption and reducing the caused damage. Method. In order to provide knowledge about these programs, the traditional goal of addiction therapy and prevention, which is to achieve long-term abstinence, has been compared with damage reduction and alcohol consumption programs. Results. Although employees of social welfare homes are already implementing elements of the damage reduction program, for example by skipping the administration of drugs to drunk residents or looking after the health status of alcohol intoxicated residents, there is still a lack of systematic actions aimed at the full implementation of programs to reduce drinking and health and social damage caused by alcohol problems in DPS. Conclusions. An alternative to the limited number of places for addicted residents of social welfare homes in specialized types of centers may be the implementation of programs to reduce alcohol consumption and reduction of alcohol-related damage in various types of social welfare homes throughout the country. Their implementation may also increase the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions against alcohol addicted residents of DPS.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Spożycie napojów alkoholowych w Polsce w świetle badań ankietowych
Survey on Alcohol Consumption in Poland
Autorzy:: Święcicki, Andrzej
Tematy:: badania ankietowe
spożycie alkoholu
survey
alcohol consumption; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699290.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Alcohol consumption among students in the Lublin region of Poland
Poziom spożycia alkoholu przez studiujących w województwie lubelskim
Autorzy:: Mandziuk, M.
Wasilewska, M.
Lukacs, A.
Tematy:: alcohol consumption
students
AUDIT
spożycie alkoholu
studenci; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048919.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Background. Alcohol is a psychoactive addictive substance that is a frequent part of student life, where consumption levels can be high. This study aimed to determine the level of alcohol consumption among students in the Lublin province. Material and methods. The study was carried out in 2018, using 700 freshmen from the Lublin province (456 women – 65.14% and 244 men – 34.86%) who completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) on the Internet. Results. The vast majority of the respondents drink alcohol (80% – 560 people), every fifth respondent declared abstinence (20% – 140 respondents). The gender of the respondents significantly differentiated the level of alcohol consumption (χ²=42.262; p<0.0001). More women than men consumed alcohol at a low risk of developing alcohol-related disorders (89.04%, i.e. 406 women – 71.72%, i.e. 175 men). The value of BMI significantly differentiated the level of alcohol consumption (χ²=17.513; p=0.008). Conclusions. Most respondents consume alcohol at low-risk. Gender and BMI value significantly determine alcohol consumption. It is therefore extremely important to organize at universities cyclical preventive lectures on the harmful effects of alcohol consumption, highlighting its different impact on men and women. Physical activity plays a positive role in promoting health, even when at the same time unhealthy habits such as excessive alcohol consumption occur. Therefore, the possibility of participation in the university in the afternoon sports and recreation classes should be particularly promoted among students.
Wprowadzenie. Alkohol jest jednym z psychoaktywnych środków uzależniających obecnych w życiu studenta, a jego spożycie odnotowuje się na wysokim poziomie. Celem badań było określenie poziomu spożycia alkoholu przez studiujących w województwie lubelskim. Materiał i metody. Badania przeprowadzono w 2018 roku wśród 700 studentów studiów I-go stopnia z województwa Lubelskiego (456 kobiet – 65,14% i 244 mężczyzn – 34,86%), którzy wypełnili przez Internet test Rozpoznawania Zaburzeń Związanych ze Spożywaniem Alkoholu (AUDIT). Wyniki. Zdecydowana większość badanych pije alkohol (80% – 560 osób), co piąty badany deklarował abstynencję (20% – 140). Płeć ankietowanych istotnie różnicowała poziom spożycia alkoholu (χ²= 42,262; p<0,0001). Więcej kobiet niż mężczyzn spożywało alkohol na niskim poziomie ryzyka wystąpienia zaburzeń związanych ze spożywaniem alkoholu (89,04%, tj. 406 kobiet – 71,72%, tj. 175 mężczyzn). Wartość wskaźnika BMI różnicowała istotnie poziom spożycia alkoholu (χ²=17,513; p=0,008). Wnioski. Większość respondentów spożywa alkohol na niskim poziomie ryzyka. Płeć i wartość wskaźnika BMI istotnie determinują spożywanie alkoholu. Jest zatem niezmiernie ważne, aby organizować na uczelniach wyższych cykliczne wykłady profilaktyczne na temat szkodliwych skutków spożywania alkoholu, podkreślając jego różny wpływ na organizmy kobiet i mężczyzn. Aktywność fizyczna odgrywa pozytywną rolę w promowaniu zdrowia, nawet wtedy, gdy jednocześnie pojawiają się niezdrowe nawyki, takie jak na przykład nadmierna konsumpcja alkoholu. Należy zatem szczególnie promować wśród studentów możliwość uczestnictwa na uczelni w popołudniowych zajęciach sportowo-rekreacyjnych.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Rozmiary i dystrybucja spożycia alkoholu w Polsce. Oceny oparte na badaniu na próbie udziałowej i losowej
Alcohol Use in Poland. Estimates derived from interviewing a quota sample and a random sample of the population
Autorzy:: Jasiński, Jerzy
Tematy:: spożycie alkoholu
badania ankietowe
napoje alkoholowe
alcohol consumption
surveys
alcohol; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698522.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The Problem Statement The main goals of the alcohol consumption surveys, repeatedly carried out Poland, are to describe the changes in the drinking subcultures of different segments of the population, to monitor the emergence of new drinking practices and the discontinuance of old ones, and to record the evolution of attitudes toward alcohol. In order to facilitate the analysis of these and related phenomena, similar instruments were used and applied in a consistent manner in several of the consecutive surveys. Any substantial change in the formulation of the questions asked or in the manner they are presented to the respondents (e.g. a mailed questionnaire versus a personal interview), raises a number of problems regarding the interpretation of the results obtained. Should the changes observed be treated as reflecting the transformations of the processes studied, or should they be attributed to alterations in the way the respondents were approached? On the other hand, repeated use of the same questionnaire applied in exactly the same manner does not seem to be an attractive proposition, since new problems and interests emerge and new survey research methods are being developed. In the Polish alcohol consumption surveys an attempt has been made to find a balance between securing continuity and introducing change. However, sometimes changes have to be made irrespectively of the researcher’s wishes. They may stem from resources constraints forcing the researcher to adopt a cheaper or less time consuming method of conducting a survey, or from some other reasons. In the case of the Polish alcohol consumption surveys such an external change occurred recently in relation to the sample design. Nine surveys have been conducted in Poland since 1961. Five of these surveys have utilized quota samples, while in four, random samples were employed. However, the studies based on random samples, for the most part, are not representative of the majority of Polish research on drinking practices. Instead, three of the four surveys based on random samples are unique in that they were devoted to an examination of the following issues: meaning attached by the general public to the notion of abstinence; estimation of the content and influence exercised by the antialcohol propaganda; and the effectiveness of the appeals by the Roman Catholic church to abstain from drinking alcoholic beverages during the month of August in the last 3 years. The studies based on quota samples are much more representative of Polish surveys on drinking practices. In these studies, the primary focus has been on the description and nature of drinking occasions. For example, this was the focus in the pioneering surveys by A. Swiecicki carried out in 1961 and 1962, in J. K. Falewicz’s survey of 1968, and in the Polish Alcohol Consumption Surveys of 1980 and 1985. In all of these surveys the same way of measuring alcohol consumption was adopted and their results were analyzed according to the same methodology. The data collection was done by the Center for Public Opinion Survey and Program Studies of the State Committee for Radio and TV in Warsaw for all the surveys. However, in recent years, this Center has been increasingly using random samples of the population in its research, first restricting and more recently abandoning completely the use of quota samples. From now on, the new Polish alcohol consumption surveys will be conducted on random samples only. While the shift to the use of random samples of the population represents a methodological step forward, it raises some important questions. Perhaps most important is whether results from these new surveys will be comparable with results from former surveys? The study reported in this paper is aimed at providing an answer to this question. In the case of a random sample, at least initially, every object in the population has to have an equal probability of being drawn, and at least the first step in the sampling procedure has to be taken randomly. In a quota sample, on the other hand, the usual procedure is that the interviewer has to interview a specified number of subjects with predetermined characteristics (e.g. men; 20‒29 years old; having primary educaiion only; etc.) How the interviewer finds these persons is left to his ingenuity, and even if he does not select them by applying any krown criteria, he is not drawing his part of the sample randomly. If all the interviewers follow exactly the instructions in selecting interviewees, the distribution of the characteristics of the quota sample should be the same as in the general population. It is hoped, but only hoped, that it will secure the representativeness of the sample. To what extent is this hope fulfilled cannot be determined. The Sample In September 1985 the data for the second Polish Alcohol Consumption Survey were collected on a quota sample (QS). Four weeks later, in October 1985, some items from the questionnaire used in that survey were added to a routinely conducted public opinion poll carried out on a random sample (RS). The sizes of the samples were 1808 and 882, respectively. In both cases the field work was done by the Center for Public Opinion Survey. The samples were comparable to one another in terms of the respondents’ occupation, sex, level of education, and proportion of people living in urban and rural areas. However, both samples differed from the general population with respect to age. In the QS, persons aged 60 and older were underrepresented (by about 12%), while those aged 40‒59 were overrepresented (again by about 12%). Within the RS, those aged l6‒19 were underrepresented (by about 6%). The former discrepancy must have originated from the interviewers’ not foliowing closely enough the instructions given to them as to the age of persons they had to interview. The latter discrepancy stemmed from the sampling procedure; the RS was derived from the 1984 election lists, which covered the population of 18 years old and over. One year later, in 1985, these lists included only persons aged 19 and older. The differences in the age structure in the QS, RS, and in the general population are of some significance for estimations of tne coverage rate and for comparability of the samples, and thus will be further discussed later on in the paper. Frequenct and Quantity In the Polish Alcohol Consumption Surveys, as in previous Polish research, the level of consumption has been estimated by means of the last occasion approach. In order to make such estimates a number of assumptions have to be accepted. They are related to the typicality of the occasion described by the respondent in terms of kind of occasion, amount of alcohol consumed, etc. Additionally, some assumptions regarding the frequency of drinking also have to be accepted. These requirements may seem unrealistically far going. However, two points have to be considered. Firstly, the more typical an occasion of drinking is ‒ the more likely, it is to be reported to the interviewer. Secondly, in epidemiological research the interest is on categories or types of respondents and not on a single individual; in groups of respondents, unconventional occasions tend, at least in part, to annul their impact on the means and other measures describing the drinking modalities. The variables used in the Polish Alcohol Consumption Surveys to establish the drinking patterns were: kind of beverage, quantity consumed, and frequency of drinking. There were no differences between the QS and the RS in respect to the frequency of drinking wine purchased in stores as well as home made fruit wine. However, there were some differences in the case of spirit and beer. In the RS, two categories of spirit drinkers could be recognized more distinctly than in the QS; infrequent (i.e. drinking spirits less often than once a month), and very frequent (i.e. several times a week). The former category consisted of 45,5 per cent (QS) and 48,1 per cent (RS), respectively, and the latter of 21,3 per cent (QS) and 30,0 per cent (RS). In the case of beer consumers, there were significantly more infrequent drinkers in the RS than in the QS (48,6 and 34,9 per cent, respectively), and fewer very frequent drinkers (38,5 and 32,5 per cent, respictively). Significantly higher quantities consumed on one occasion were reported in the QS than in the RS, irrespectively of beverage. This would suggest that the interviewers collecting data for the QS tended, possibly without even realizing it, to select prospective respondents from among persons consuming more alcohol than average. The Beverages One of the consequences of the above differences in regard to the frequency of drinking and quantities of alcohol consumed is the overestimation of the concentration of consumption in research based on QSs. The concentration of consumption is traditionally used to refer to the size of proportion of consumers who drink about half of all alcohol consumed. According to an estimate derived from the RS in 1985 in Poland, half of spirits were consumed by about 10 per cent of drinkers (rather than by 7 per cent as indicated by the QS), and of wine purchased ‒ by 8 per cent of drinkers (rather than by 7 per cent); in the case of drinkers of home made wine (5 per cent), and of beer (10 per cent) the estimates of concentration of consumption proved to be the same in the QS and in the RS. The shrinking of the coverage rate was another consequence of the overestimation of the quantities of alcohol consumed of the frequency of drinking of some alcoholic beverages. The comparison of the amount of alcoholic beverages sold during 1985 in the country with the amount accounted for by the surveys, reveals the following picture: QS RS spirits 50,6 per cent 47,8 per cent wine purchased 49,3 per cent 25,8 per cent beer 81,5 per cent 45,2 per cent Total 55,9 per cent 48,1 per cent The substantial differences in the coverage rate are noticed only in relations to wine and beer, e.g. to the beverages of lesser importance considering the Polish drinking patterns. The absence of substantial differences between the RS and the QS in relation to spirits stemmed from the fact that the overestimation of the amount drunk on one occasion was partly compensated for by the underestimation of the size of the category of the very frequent drinkers. As far as the better and wine drinkers were concerned no such compensation was present. The data on the sale of alcoholic beverages indicate that in that in 1985 about 68 per cent of all alcohol purchased in Poland was spirits. Of the total amount of alcohol consumed, the QS indicated that spirits accounted for 62 per cent, while the RS indicated that spirits accounted for 74 per cent. The first estimate was too low, the other too high, each by 6 per cent. As could be expected from the low coverage rate of wine, in the research based on the RS, the place of wine in the structure of beverages consumed was underestimated (9 per cent instead of 15 per cent of all alcohol consumed). The place occupied by beer was estimated correctly by the RS (18 per cent). The modest contribution of beer and wine to the total amount of alcohol consumed should be attributed mainly to the drinking habits prevailing in Poland, but also partly to the unmet demand for beer and for wine, in particular for imported grape wine. The analysis of the data from the QS showed that drinking one kind of alcoholic beverage raised the likelihood of drinking another kind of alcoholic beverage. This was true with regard to every beverage type and all these relationships were statistically significant. The data from the RS corroborated fully the above results. In the case of persons who consumed two kinds of alcoholic beverages, a further question could be asked, viz. do persons who drink greater quantity of one beverage also tend to drink more of the other one. This was the case in respect to all of beverages both in the QS in the RS. Consumption Level In order to estimate the respondents’ level of alcohol consumption all beverages consumed had to be recounted according to their content of alcohol, and added up. The distribution of the respondents according to the level of their consumption revealed some important differences between the estimates derived from the QS and RS. First of all, according to the RS, there were significantly more teetolers in the general population (23 per cent) than according to the QS (16, 1 per cent). This is partly due to the underrepresentation persons aged 60 and older in the QS. Relatively more persons in this age group are non-drinkers than in the lower age brackets. The other reason for this discrepancy in the estimate of the size of the fraction of non-drinkers is the already mentioned tendency of the interviewers to select as prospective respondents drinkers rather than abstainers while collecting data for the QS. The other difference between the RS and QS relates to the proportion of persons drinking substantial amounts of alcohol. On the whole, the RS indicates that it is smaller than the QS does. The extrapolation of the results obtained in the RS on the adult population in the country leads to the following conclusion. In 1985 there were about 2,1 million persons who annually consumed more than 16 liters of pure alcohol in Poland. They were consuming at least one half a litter bottle of vodka in every ten days. Among them nearly 1,5 million consumed at least 24 liters of pure alcohol annually, i.e. at least one bottle of vodka per six days. This group of drinkers represented only 5 per cent of the adult population, but consumed nearly 40 per cent of all alcohol in the country. It was stated before that only about half of the total amount of alcohol consumed was accounted for by the survey based on the RS. The most important reason for the underreporting seems to be, apart from forgetting and concealing, the underrepresentation of heavy drinkers in the sample. Because of this, it is likely that the group of drinkers who consume at least 24 liters of pure alcohol annually is considerably more numerous, and that they probably drink even a greater proportion of all alcohol consumed in the country. Drinkers, Abstainers, Teetolaters Who is a teetotaler seems self-evident and not requiring special consideration only as long, however, as the responds from the general population are not asked what their understanding of the term is. In one of the recent Polish general pop lation surveys this question was addressed and some surprising results were obtained. Although 69 per cent of the respondents considered a teetotaler somebody who has not been drinking any beverages containing alcohol, there were also persons having other opinions in this matter. As many as l5 per cent described a teetotaler as a person who drinks small quantities of alcohol, infrequently, a few times a year only, and further 2 per cent described a teetotaler as a person who does not drink vodka. In order to avoid this issue, in the questionnaire applied both the QS and to the RS, a question was asked whether the respondent had been drinking any alcoholic beverages during the last 12 months preceding the interview. Those who responded in the negative are considered to be teetotalers. Those who have not been drinking a particular beverage are called abstainers, i.e. abstaining refers only to not drinking a particular beverage. This means, that according to this definition abstainers include persons who drink as well as those who do not. Consequently, all teetotalers are abstainers, but among the latter there also drinkers (of some beverages). According to the terminology adopted here only drinkers who consume all kinds of alcoholic beverages listed in the questionnaire can not be called abstainers. The beverage consumed by most Poles is vodka. According to the RS only 28 per cent of the respondents abstained from drinking vodka (12 per cent of men and 42 per cent of women). In this respect the differences between the QS and the RS were not significant. In the case of all other beverages the RS produced significantly higher estimates of the fraction of abstainers than the QS. According to the RS, 65 per cent of respondents do not drink beer (46 per cent of men and 82 per cent of women), 68 per cent do not drink wine purchased (46 per cent of men and 71 per cent of women), and 78 per cent do not drink home made wine (75 per cent of men and 81 per cent of women). The QS and the RS are in concordance on a number of points. Firstly, on the degree of popularity of the various alcoholic beverages. Judging from the size of the fraction of abstainers, spirits is the most widely consumed beverage, followed by beer, wine purchased, and home made wine. Secondly, there are consistently more drinkers among men than among women; only in the case of home made wine is the difference in the size of the fraction of drinkers among men and women not significant. Thirdly, more than half of women drink spirits, i. e. many more than any other alcoholic beverage. It contradicts the belief, widely held in Poland, that vodka is a man’s and wine a woman’s beverage. Fourthly, abstaining from any beverage is equally spread in rural as in urban areas. It illustrates the process of unification of behaviour patterns in Poland, or as it is sometimes formulated – of the urbanization of rural culture, and ruralization of the urban life styles. The size of the fraction of abstainers is, irrespective of the beverage, closely related to the age of the respondents. The older the respondent – starting from the 20–29 age group – the larger the fraction of abstainers. Drinking is also related to the level of education attained. In the case of spirits, wine purchased, and home made wine, the higher the respondents educational attainment the greater the fraction of drinkers. It corresponds to the observation made in a number of countries, according to which the higher the social status – the smaller the fraction of abstainers, the grater the frequency of drinking, and the smaller the amount consumed on one occasion. The above relationship do not apply to beer, which in Poland seems to be a beverage consumed primarily by blue–collar workers. The QS and the RS show the same pattern of results between drinking and living in rural versus urban communities as found for age and level of education of the respondent. Finally, the teetotalers differ markedly from the drinkers. Here again the results of the QS and RS are in harmony. There are significantly more teetotalers among women than among men, and in the age group 40 years old and over (in particular – among those 60 years old and over). There are also more teetotalers among less educated than more educated, and among unqualified blue–collar workers and peasants than among qualified blue–collar workers and white–collar employees. Concluding Remarks There has been a prospective change in the sampling method used in Polish alcohol consumption surveys. This called into question the feasibility of long term trend analysis of the drinking habits prevailing in Poland. In order to dispel the arising doubts, the present inquiry has been carried out comparing the results of the new sampling method (primarily relying on the use of random samples) with the prior method which utilized quota samples. In this project, the same questions relating to drinking practices were put to two groups of respondents. One consisted of a quota sample (QS; n =1808), and the other of a random sample (RS; n = 882) of the adult population. The comparison of results from the two samples leads to the following two observations. Firstly, the numerical values of various parameters characterizing drinking practices, such as the overall consumption level and that of particular beverages, or that of quantities imbibed on one occasion, etc., differ in the QS and the RS. In a number of instances these differences are statistically significant. The results based on the RS suggest a somewhat lower level of alcohol consumption than the ones based on the QS, and shift the coverage rate slightly below 50 per cent. Secondly, the QS and the RS generated very similar pictures of drinking patterns prevailing in Poland, in terms of the kinds of beverages consumed, interrelationship between the various beverages consumed, concentration of consumption, and social traits of people drinking more and drinking less alcohol. The general conclusion emerging from the research project described here can be formulated as follows. The QS provided a fairly true picture of the drinking practices in Poland, however, in order to establish the long term trends in these practices, it is necessary to take into account the corrections stemming from the estimates derived from the RS.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Contextual determinants of alcohol consumption changes and preventive alcohol policies: a 12-country European study in progress
Autorzy:: Elekes, Zsuzsanna
Swiatkiewicz, Grażyna
Plant, Moira
Annaheim, Beatrice
Pantzer, Karin
Eisenbach-Stangl, Irmgard
Miller, Patrick
Wieczorek, Łukasz
Voller, Fabio
Coghill, Nikki
Österberg, Esa
Decarli, Adriano
Casotto, Veronica
Gmel, Gerhard
Plant, Martin
Anderson, Peter
Gual, Antoni
Karlsson, Thomas
Allamani, Allaman
Matrai, Silvia
Wydawca:: Taylor & Francis
Cytata wydawnicza:: Substance Use & Misuse, 46:1288–1303, 2011
Opis:: Łukasz Wieczorek
Beginning with France in the 1950s, alcohol consumption has decreased in Southern European countries with few or no preventive alcohol policy measures being implemented, while alcohol consumption has been increasing in Northern European countries where historically more restrictive alcohol control policies were in place, even though more recently they were loosened. At the same time, Central and Eastern Europe have shown an intermediate behavior. We propose that country-specific changes in alcohol consumption between 1960 and 2008 are explained by a combination of a number of factors: (1) preventive alcohol policies and (2) social, cultural, economic, and demographic determinants. This article describes the methodology of a research study designed to understand the complex interactions that have occurred throughout Europe over the past five decades. These include changes in alcohol consumption, drinking patterns and alcohol-related harm, and the actual determinants of such changes.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Centrum Otwartej Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Phenomenon of Alcohol Consumption by juveniles aged 16-19
Zjawisko spożywania alkoholu przez młodzież w wieku 16-19 lat.
Autorzy:: Szejler, Natalia
Opis:: WSTĘP: Spożywanie alkoholu przez młodzież w ciągu ostatnich dziesięcioleci uległo głębokiej przemianie, czego najbardziej widocznymi dowodami są skala zjawiska spożywania alkoholu przez młodzież oraz istotne obniżenie się wieku inicjacji alkoholowej.CEL PRACY: Zdiagnozowanie zjawiska spożywania alkoholu wśród młodzieży w wieku 16-19 lat. MATERIAŁ I METODY: Przedmiotem badań było 83 uczniów klas I i III Zespołu Szkół nr 2 w Sanoku w wieku 16-19 lat. Badania przeprowadzono metodą sondażu diagnostycznego. Autorski kwestionariusz ankiety zawierał 27 pytań, w tym 5 o dane socjodemograficzne. WNIOSKI:1) Wiek badanej młodzieży, w którym najczęściej dochodziło do pierwszego spożycia alkoholu wynosił od 14. do 18. r. ż.;2) Główne przyczyny, dla których badani sięgali po alkohol to: chęć zaimponowania innym (71,1%) oraz obawa przed odrzuceniem (56,5%); 3) Badana młodzież sięgała po alkohol regularnie, najwięcej osób (40%) raz w tygodniu;4) Najczęściej spożywanym przez badanych alkoholem było piwo, do którego picia przyznało się 48,7% kobiet i 56,9% mężczyzn;5) Ponad 60% badanych nigdy nie miało problemu z zakupem alkoholu przed osiągnięciem pełnoletniości;6) Dominująca część badanych (65%) miała obojętny stosunek wobec picia alkoholu przez nieletnich.
Introduction: Within the last decades consumption of alcohol by the young people has undergone deep changes. The most visible evidence of this are the scale of alcohol consumption by juveniles and essential lowering of the age when it starts.Main purpose of this work: to set up diagnosis for phenomenon of alcohol consumption by juveniles aged 16-19Material and methods: The scope of research included 83 juveniles of grades I and III of No. 2 Sanok comprehensive school. Research was made by using a diagnostic survey method and questionary used was composed of 27 questions, including 5 of sociodemographic character.Conclusion:1. Most frequently reported age of juveniles first contact with alcohol was 14-18 year;2. Main reason for reaching for alcohol was indicated as a desire to make impression on the others (71%) and a fear of being rejected by the group (56,5%);3. Regular consumption of alcohol by juveniles was reported as 40% of people drinking once a week;4. Most frequently used type of alcohol was beer and it was drunk by 48% of girls and 56,9% of boys;5. More than 60% of young people had never had problems to buy alcohol even before they attained their majority age;6. Majority (65%) of respondents admitted they were indifferent to alcohol being drunk by people under the age.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Tytuł:: Zjawisko spożywania alkoholu przez młodzież – badanie uczniów gimnazjum
Alcohol consumption of young people_ the examination of grammar school students
Autorzy:: Ryba, Kamila
Opis:: W dzisiejszych czasach do głównych problemów zdrowotnych obok chorób cywilizacyjnych zalicza się uzależnienia od różnych substancji psychoaktywnych. Już od czasów powojennych w krajach rozwiniętych notuje się wzrost spożycia alkoholu. W Polsce gwałtowny wzrost nastąpił po zmianie ustroju w 1989 roku. Aktualnie nadal zauważana jest tendencja wzrostowa spożycia napojów alkoholowych, dlatego zdecydowano przyjrzeć się temu problemowi bliżej.Spożywanie alkoholu skutkuje poważnymi problemami w młodym wieku. Z tego powodu celem pracy było przedstawienie tego zjawiska wśród młodzieży gimnazjalnej.Praca powstała w oparciu o wybraną literaturę przedmiotu oraz przeprowadzone badanie ankietowe, w którym wzięło udział 73 uczniów w wieku 14-16 lat.Pracę podzielono na trzy główne rozdziały. W dwóch pierwszych, korzystając z dostępnej literatury naukowej, opisano problem alkoholu w wybranej grupie młodzieży. Uwzględniono wewnętrzne i zewnętrzne czynniki wpływające na spożywanie alkoholu, opisano wzory picia, najczęstsze powody sięgania po alkohol oraz społeczne i zdrowotne konsekwencje picia. Przedstawiono również obowiązujące w Polsce uregulowania prawne dotyczące alkoholu. W ostatnim rozdziale opisano wyniki przeprowadzonego badania.Przeprowadzona analiza danych pozwoliła na sformułowanie następujących wniosków:- Średni wiek inicjacji alkoholowej wśród badanej młodzieży gimnazjalnej wyniósł dla piwa i wina 12 lat, a dla wódki 13 lat;- 70% badanych osób przynajmniej raz w życiu spożywało alkohol;- Najczęściej wybieranym napojem alkoholowym było piwo, które podczas ostatniej sytuacji spożywało 40% ankietowanych;- Główne powody, dla których młodzież sięga po alkohol to: ciekawość (38%) oraz chęć zapomnienia o swoich problemach (7%);- Młodzież najczęściej pije alkohol w grupie przyjaciół (16%) oraz otrzymuje go od rodziców (16%), jak również od starszego rodzeństwa (7%);- Badani uczniowie najczęściej spożywają alkohol u kogoś w domu (24%), na świeżym powietrzu (21%) oraz we własnym w domu (18%);- 16% badanych stwierdza, że nikt z ich znajomych nie pije alkoholu, zaś 42% odpowiedziało, że kilkoro znajomych spożywa alkohol.Spożywanie alkoholu przez gimnazjalistów to ważna kwestia, która powinna być przedmiotem zainteresowania podczas tworzenia lokalnych oraz krajowych programów profilaktycznych.
Nowadays, the main health problems (together with other civilized diseases) include addictions from different psychoactive substances. Since after war time in the developing countries, people have noted the growth of alcohol consumption. In Poland a violent growth came after the political changes in 1989. Currently we still observe a growing tendency of alcohol drinks consumption, that is why, I want to have a closer look at this problem.Alcohol consumption at young age gives serious problems. Because of this, the goal of this thesis was showing the phenomenon among grammar school students.The thesis has been created on the base of the subject chosen literature and surveys, carried out in grammar schools, in which 73 students aged 14 – 16 took part.The thesis has been divided into three main chapters. Making use of approachable scientific literature, in the first two chapters I have described the alcohol problem in a chosen group of young people. I have considered, both internal and external factors that influence alcohol drinking, I have described patterns of alcohol use, the most often reasons of drinking alcohol and social and health consequences of drinking. I have also shown the legal rules concerning alcohol, which are applied in Poland. In the last chapter I have described results of the performed study.The performed analysis , allowed for creating the following conclusions:- an average age of alcohol initiation (among examined young people) was 12 years for beer and 13 years for vodka.- 70 per cent of examined people consumed alcohol, at least once in their life time- The most often chosen beverage was beer, which was consumed by 40 per cent of surveyed people recently- The main reasons why young people reach for alcohol are: curiosity (38%) and the will to forget about problems (7%)- Young people drink alcohol the most often in a group of friends (16%) and receive it from parents(16%), as well as from older siblings(7%)- The examined students consume alcohol most often at someone's place(24%), on an open air(21%), and at home(18%)- 16 % claim that none of their friends drink alcohol, 42% say that only some of them consume alcoholAlcohol consumption by grammar school students is an important issue, which should be the subject of interest during creating local and state prophylactic programmes.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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