Temat: allocative - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Improving the Relationship between Welfare Economics and Ethics
Autorzy:: Pagliari, Carmen
Odoardi, Iacopo
Tematy:: Welfare Economics
Methodological Individualism
Allocative Efficiency
Ethics; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/653227.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: In this essay, the essential aspects of Welfare Economics are summarized in order to analyse the possible links with Ethics, and consequently to provide useful suggestions for Economic Policy. The Introduction contains the principles of neoclassical Welfare Economics, without considering the circumstances in which the so‑called failures of competitive markets occur. The second part of this paper contains a description of two possible solutions to the problem concerning the integration of Welfare Economics and Ethics. The first solution is the determination of the optimal combination of general competitive equilibrium principles and social ethics ones, without removing the theoretical structure of Welfare Economics. This first proposal, while retaining some economic liberalism principles, assigns a central role to the government, which is delegated to superimpose on the Pareto criterion a distributive justice rule. Another solution, which is suggested by Sen, is essentially directed to modify Welfare Economics by ethical criteria aimed at improving every individual deprivation, and it is based on the distinction between the two concepts of ‘utility’ and ‘agency’. We also proposed exploiting the original considerations written by Smith about social aspects as a useful integration and support to Sen’s approach.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Analysis of efficiency differentials in Fadama III programme areas in Kogi State, Central Nigeria
Autorzy:: Ali, Sunday Ojochonu
Abu, Godwin Aijenu
Ater, Peter Iorhor
Aye, Goodness Chioma
Tematy:: Fadama III
farmers
beneficiaries
technical
allocative
efficiency; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2033349.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Introduction: The impact of Fadama III programme on the efficiency levels of farmers in Kogi state, Nigeria was investigated. Materials and methods: Primary data were obtained with a questionnaire administered to 382 respondents selected through a stratified random sampling procedure. The Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production and cost functions were employed in the analyses. The resulting efficiency estimates for beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries were compared using the t-test. Major findings: Efficiency analyses indicate that the quantities of Seed, fertilizer and agrochemicals used were the drivers of technical efficiency among both categories of farmers, while costs of land, fertilizer and family labour were the drivers of allocative efficiency. Technical efficiency estimates for both categories of farmers were 0.79 and 0.71 respectively and respective allocative efficiency estimates were 1.22 and 1.44. Mean comparison of the technical efficiency levels indicated a t-estimate of 2.52 (α= 0.0124) in favour of the beneficiaries while a t-estimate of -24.56 (α= 0.000) indicated that beneficiaries were also more allocatively efficient. Conclusion: The beneficiaries, by acquiring skills and supports from Fadama III, became were more efficient than their non-benefiting counterparts. Continuous training will assist farmers to improve their efficiencies and reduce the noticed deficits.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: A Maintenance of a Dominant Market Position – on the Example of the Polish Post Office
Autorzy:: Bernat, Tomasz
Tematy:: dominant position
antitrust law
maintenance of dominant position
allocative inefficiency; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517423.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The system changes of the Polish economy, which began in the 80s of the 20th century and were continued after the accession to the European Union in 2004, have caused significant transformations, not only in the economy and ownership relations, but also in single markets. What is more, some of the European Commission’s guidelines have introduced the market regulations which were dominated by natural monopolies. These changes were to cause the competitiveness on the market and to improve its functioning in an efficiency allocative sense in order to make the consumers’ situation better. However, it is often a kind of struggle without any visible effects in short or long term. One of such examples is the Polish Post Office as the national operator in the market of postal services. The scientific objective of this study is to answer the question whether the changes in the law regulating the postal market cause real changes in the market structure, resulting in a reduction in allocative inefficiency? The working hypothesis referring to such research problem is formulated as follows: large business entities operating in the monopolistic market structure until now use all of the tools – including changes in the law, to maintain their position. It causes an increase in allocative inefficiency of companies and market. The object of the research is Poczta Polska SA. The primary research method will be based on the analysis of the legal rules, the analysis of the activities and entities’ decisions and the comparative analysis. The active research is supported by the literature recognition.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Economic efficiency analysis of small-scale tomato farmers in Greater Letaba Municipality
Autorzy:: Nakana, Tshegofatso Morgan
Hlongwane, Johannes Jan
Belete, Abenet
Tematy:: economic efficiency
technical efficiency
allocative efficiency
tomato
and small-scale farm; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2033370.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: This paper analysed the economic efficiency of small-scale tomato farmers in the Greater Letaba municipality of South Africa’s Limpopo Province. Primary data were collected from 68 tomato farmers based on structured questionnaires and using convenience and purposive sampling procedures. The Cobb-Douglas production function was used to analyse the level of economic efficiency. The study utilised the output approach, where the output achieved by the farmers is compared to the maximum output attainable using the given inputs. The empirical results reveal that mean technical, allocative, and economic efficiency levels are at 0.95, 0.41 and 0.39, respectively. The study also found that land (farm size), seedlings, labour, pesticides and water have a positively significant relationship with the production of tomatoes in the study area. Therefore, it is recommended that the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development provide farmers with enough extension services by employing more extension personnel. Government programmes such as the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme should be intensified – through the pillar of training and capacity building – to reach the small-scale farmers in the municipality, whereby farmers should be provided with training on the recommended minimum and maximum application of inputs like pesticides, fertilisers, seedlings and water in tomato production.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Efektywność – rozważania nad istotą i typologią
Autorzy:: Kozuń-Cieślak, Grażyna
Tematy:: typology of efficiency, static efficiency, dynamic efficiency, technical efficiency, allocative efficiency, X-efficiency.; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/630355.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: In today’s world the term efficiency gained a status of an imperative at all levels of economic activity (micro, mezo, macro) as well as in all sectors of the economy (private, public, non-profit). The prevalence of “efficiency” in scientific discussions discloses existence of a number of approaches to the understanding of this concept as well as existence of conceptual differences regarding the essence of efficiency, resulting from different ideological foundations of relevant economic theories. This study distinguishes between two analytical approaches: 1) static efficiency – conceptually inscribed in the paradigm of neoclassical economics, 2) dynamic efficiency – developed on the grounds of heterodox evolutionary economics. Within these two theoretical approaches various types of efficiency have been identified and characterized. This resulted in a typology that established a conceptual framework for clarifying different meanings of the term “efficiency”.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Strategie, polityki i narzędzia wspierania kreatywności i innowacyjności w gospodarce w Unii Europejskiej. Praktyczne zastosowanie multilevel governance na poziomie krajowym i wspólnotowym
Autorzy:: Bartoszewicz, Artur
Tematy:: typology of effi ciency, static effi ciency, dynamic effi ciency, technical effi ciency, allocative effi ciency, X-effi ciency; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/630382.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The article analyzes the Lisbon Strategy and the Strategy Europe 2020 which concentrate on supporting economic innovation within the EU. Moreover EU common policies are discussed, particularly competition policy that sets the rules for public aid. The tools for supporting creativity and innovations are also discussed, beginning with the EU Framework Programs, operational programs on state level, and ending at common initiatives. Horizon 2020, a new framework program for the years 2014–2020, is particularly interesting in the context of creativity and innovations. Horizon 2020 includes actions aimed at increasing the level of innovation in economy and society of EU and its member states. The analysis was conducted in the context of mulitlevel governance in the areas of creativity and innovation in economy, culture and society.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Koncepcja sin tax jako instrument zapewniający ochronę zdrowia publicznego na przykładzie opłaty od środków spożywczych
The concept of sin tax as an instrument to protect public health on the example of a levy on foodstuffs
Autorzy:: Gajewski, Piotr
Tematy:: sin tax
public health
levy on foodstuffs
allocative function of taxes
stimulus function of taxes
healthcare system:
healthcare system
podatek od pokusy
zdrowie publiczne
opłata od środków spożywczych
funkcja alokacyjna podatków
funkcja stymulacyjna podatków
system ochrony zdrowia; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2137583.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Badania opisane w niniejszym artykule zostały podjęte w związku z niedawną aktywnością polskiego ustawodawcy, który wprowadził opłatę od środków spożywczych do ustawy o zdrowiu publicznym. Opłata ta ma stanowić jedno z dodatkowych źródeł dochodu państwa i być wydatkowana na cele poprawy zdrowia publicznego. Celem niniejszych badań było zweryfikowanie hipotezy, że opłata od środków spożywczych stanowi realizację koncepcji sin tax obowiązującej w nauce prawa podatkowego. W toku badań została wykorzystana analiza krytyczna, w tym analiza lingwistyczna aktów prawnych. Ponadto wykorzystano analizę dorobku doktryny prawa finansowego dotyczącego koncepcji sin tax. Niniejsze badania doprowadziły do wniosków, że wprowadzona do polskiego porządku prawnego opłata od środków spożywczych stanowi formę sin tax oraz realizuje zarówno funkcję stymulacyjną, jak i alokacyjną prawa podatkowego.
The research presented in this article was undertaken in connection with the recent activity of the Polish legislator, who introduced a levy on foodstuffs into the Public Health Act. This levy is intended to be one of the additional sources of state revenue to be spent on improving public health. The aim of the presented research was to verify the hypothesis that the levy on foodstuffs is an implementation of the sin tax concept existing in the doctrine of tax law. During the research, a critical analysis was used, including a linguistic analysis of legal acts. In addition, an analysis of the body of financial law doctrine on the concept of sin tax was performed. The present research leads to the conclusion that the levy on foodstuffs introduced into the Polish legal order constitutes a form of sin tax and performs both the stimulative and allocative functions of tax law.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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