Temat: biodegradable waste

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Change of physical properties of biodegradable waste during decomposition
Autorzy:: Stejskal, B.
Tematy:: physical property
property change
biodegradable waste
waste
decomposition
composting
home composting
biodegradable waste composting; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/61136.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The article mentions results from changes of physical properties of composted material during the composting process. Composting conditions in compost pile were simulated in five vessels with volume of 90 m3 under home conditions. Composted material was variously modified (mixing and turning, moistening, adding fresh material) during the composting process. Temperature and oxygen concentration inside vessels were measured, as well as reduction in volume of compost material during time, pH and electric conductivity of selected compost. It appeared that the temperature of the compost material in small volume in the compost pile was lower than the requirement for hygienization of the composted material. The temperature higher than 50°C was measured only sporadically and already during the first week of the experiment temperatures inside the vessels corresponded with outside temperatures. Oxygen concentration in all vessels was sufficient to ensure the aerobic process during the entire period of the experiment. The lowest measured oxygen concentration was higher than 10 %. These low values were measured only during the first week of the experiment, during the following weeks the oxygen concentrations exceeded 15% only with small exceptions. Reduction in volume of the composted material highly depended on whether the compost material was mixed and turned during the course of the composting process. Mixed and turned composted material was reducing its volume significantly, quicker than the composted material not being mixed and turned. The effect of moistening on the composted material was not proved. Measured pH values and electric conductivity (EC) values of the compost material from selected vessel K2 (composted material being mixed and turned, moistened, fresh compost material was not added) showed values fully corresponding with a quality well-matured compost. The average pH value was 7.76 with a standard deviation of 0.04 and the average EC value was 1.79 mS.cm-1 with a standard deviation of 0.27.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Catalogue of good practice in the collection of bio-waste
Katalog dobrych praktyk w zbieraniu bioodpadow
Autorzy:: Horak, Natalia
Bojanowicz-Bablok, Anna
Eidsmo, Sarah
Potapowicz, Izabela
Bidłasik, Małgorzata
Kuśmierz, Agnieszka
Wydawca:: Instytut Ochrony Środowiska - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Opis:: The aim of separate collection of municipal waste, including biodegradable waste, is to reduce the amount of waste going to landfills, to reuse products, to obtain secondary raw materials and to reduce the negative impact on the environment. Depending on the available infrastructure, bio-waste can be directed to composting plants or biogas plants, hence the similarities and differences in waste collection systems between municipalities in Poland and in other countries. The quality of the environment we live in depends on the efficiency of the waste management system. Over recent years, recycling and recovery of waste has been increasing in Poland and other European countries as a result of EU and national regulations. The same regulations bring further challenges to municipalities in terms of increasing levels of recycling and reducing landfilling. The catalogue presents examples of good practice in bio-waste collection from Poland, Norway and other European countries where efficient biodegradable waste management systems have been in place for many years. We would like these examples to be a guideline for taking action to improve bio-waste collection systems and their further processing.
The document was produced as part of the project “Green transition in practice: Demonstrating and disseminating the benefits of producing biogas from bio-waste”, implemented by the Institute of Environmental Protection-National Research Institute and Vista Analyse, funded by the Bilateral Cooperation Fund, the European Economic Area Financial Mechanism 2014-2021 and the Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021 (EEA and Norway Funds).
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Centrum Otwartej Nauki

Książka

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Characteristics of Municipal Waste Biodegradable Fraction and Evaluation of its Processing
Autorzy:: Meller, E.
Jarnuszewski, G
Rogalska, P.
Baran, M.
Tematy:: municipal waste
biodegradable waste
methane fermentation
composting
biogas; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123446.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: A growing interest in Renewable Energy Sources initiated the use of biogas as an energy generating material. Biodegradable waste coming from different streams is an important resource for biogas production. The studies were conducted on 20–80 mm fraction of municipal waste separated by rotary screen in the technological process of The Waste Recovery and Storage Plant in Leśno Górne. Morphological composition of the examined waste and their parameters determining their usefulness for composting and fermentation were analysed. On the basis of organic carbon content, the amount of biogas that may be produced from 1 kg of waste was estimated. An approximate amount of biogas which can be obtained in the process of methane fermentation from energy piles, formed from 10 000 Mg of waste was also calculated. Depending on the temperature it was from. 2.8 to 3.8 mln m³.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Ocena wpływu wykorzystania odpadów biodegradowalnych na redukcję CO2
Impact of the energy use of biodegradable waste on CO2 emission reduction
Autorzy:: Alwaeli, M.
Tematy:: odpady biodegradowalne
CO2
węgiel
biodegradable waste
coal; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Politechnika Śląska
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/357131.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Wzrost zapotrzebowania na surowce energetyczne i wzrost cen paliw kopalnych oraz obawy związane z globalnym ociepleniem wymusiły na krajach Unii Europejskiej większe wykorzystanie alternatywnych źródeł energii w celu zastąpienia paliw konwecjonalnych oraz ograniczenia emisji dwutlenku węgla. Według Deryktywy zwanej 3 razy 20% (2009/28/EC) Polska zobowiązała się do roku 2020 ograniczyć emisji gazów cieplarnianych o 20% (w porównaniu z rokiem 1990). W pracy przedstawiono potencjał energetyczny odpadów biodegradowalnych w województwie śląskim oraz możliwości ich wykorzystania dla zmniejszenia emisji CO2.
The constant increase of energy consumption and the global greenhouse effect are the reasons for introducing the policy of replacement of conventional energy sources by renewable energy sources in EU. As a result the Directive known as 3x20 was introduced in 2008. One of possible way of CO2 emission reduction from combustion processes in Poland is thermal utilization of bio-fraction of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge as sources of energy. The potential and possible effect of this process in Silesia region is presented in the paper.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Effect of the intensive aerobic biostabilization phase on selected microbiological and physicochemical parameters of wastes
Autorzy:: Wolny-Koładka, K.
Malinowski, M.
Sikora, A.
Szymonik, K.
Pelczar, G.
Wawrzyniak-Turek, K.
Tematy:: waste
bacteria
fungi
mechanical treatment
biological treatment
biodegradable waste
biostabilization process; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101466.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: One of the most frequently applied methods of mixed municipal solid waste biological treatment in mechanical-biological treatment installations (MBT) is their disposal in aerobic biostabilization process. The process comprises an intensive phase and maturation phase. The intensive phase relies on waste heating in result of organic matter breakdown conducted by microorganisms settling the wastes. Microorganisms living in wastes have optimal conditions for development, i.e. a considerable space volume, optimal material fragmentation and organic matter availability. The aim of the aerobic biostabilization process is stabilizing and hygienization of wastes, so that they become a valuable raw material for other recovery processes (e.g. RDF production, Refuse-Derived Fuel) or their disposal is safe for the environment and do not pose any epidemiological hazard for people employed in waste treatment plants. Analyses presented in the paper aimed to determine the number and species composition of vegetative and endospore bacteria, mold fungi, actinomycetes and pathogenic microorganisms, i.e. Staphylococcus spp., E. coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., E. faecalis, C. perfringens, settling municipal wastes prior to and after aerobic stabilization process. The aerobic stabilization process (intensive phase) was conducted in a laboratory BKB 100 bioreactor using the wastes, characterized by low share of biodegradable wastes (<40%), obtained from MBT installation during the period from December 2015 to February 2016. The temperature, loss on ignition, waste density, ash content, moisture and pH were monitored during the analyses. The research was conducted on the undersize and oversize fraction separated from mixed municipal wastes on MBT installation. The maximal temperature reached in the bioreactor, between c.a. 40 and 55°C, persisting for many hours is insufficient for efficient elimination of the determined microorganism groups. Paradoxically, the conditions created in the bioreactor proved convenient for the microorganisms, therefore an increase in their number was observed. Only in one case, when the share of biodegradable wastes exceed the value of 45 % it was observed, that the aerobic stabilization process of these wastes was going correctly and caused among others a decrease in loss on ignition.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Bio-waste composting as a part of rural development
Autorzy:: Stejskal, B.
Tematy:: biowaste
composting
rural development
sorting
waste utilization
waste management
municipal waste
biodegradable waste composting
compost; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/60722.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: One of the most serious problems of waste management in Czech Republic is the useful treatment of biodegradable municipal waste because EU Council Directive 1999/31/EC requires of member states to limit the amount of biodegradable waste deposited into landfill. Composting of biodegradable municipal waste can be a solution of this problem but there are many operational and economic problems. This article describes advantages and problems of bio-waste composting in rural conditions (of Czech Republic) at all parts of composting process, i.e. from bio-waste sorting and collection through bio-waste composting to utilization and sale of compost. Bio-waste composting in countryside brings many benefits. The waste is treated at the place of origin and it is possible to get the organic mass of compost back to the field with minimal transport distances. Decentralized waste treatment brings jobs to regions of a small rate of employment. It is necessary to solve many problems related to the process of composting. Quality of input raw material is the first of them. It was found that the amount of undesirable impurities in separately collected biodegradable municipal waste depends on the type of building density and the settlement size. By the measurement of 200 kg samples of sorted bio-waste it was showed that purity of waste sorting is much better in small villages than in rather big cities. Right size of composting plant is another question to discussion. A lot of small composting plants built for several villages allow waste treatment in the place of origin but just a big composting plant is rich enough to have adequate machine equipment. Of course, in this case transport distances are long. Compost selling is connected with other problems. Farmers usually do not want even high-quality compost because of the costs of compost application to the field (although missing of organic mass in the soil). Lots of low-quality compost is used as a reclaim material.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Trends in Biogas Technologies
Autorzy:: Busch, G.
Grossmann, Jochen
Tematy:: biogas technologies
flexible operation
biodegradable waste
phosphorus and nitrogen recovery
methanation; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Gdańska Szkoła Wyższa
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1190171.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The presentation is meant to give a short overview on the state of the development of biogas technologies with special emphasis on the situation in Germany. Although the share of biogas based electrical energy among other types of renewable energies has become smaller, it still plays an important role for the compensation of fluctuating alternative energies and for the recycling of important substances like fertilisers as well. The growth of biogas capacities is limited due to the limited abundance of substrates. But newer technologies allow the biochemical production of biogas from carbon dioxide and hydrogen without any organic matter. Most probably, such processes will have the potential to change the common practise of biogas upgrading at least.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Determination of the composter volume required for garden grass treatment
Autorzy:: Stejskal, B.
Tematy:: determination
composter volume
garden grass
grass treatment
biodegradable waste
decomposition
home composting; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/61290.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The paper presents results from an experiment focused on the establishment of total grass biomass amount grown in the house garden during the growing season and volume of the domestic composter required for biomass treatment. Grass in the experimental part of the garden (area 43.75 m2) was cut at regular intervals (1x2 weeks) during the growing season. The cut green biomass was mixed with wood shavings at a volume ratio of 3:1 and the mixed material was placed inside a home composter (volume 300 dm3). During the composting process, the blended biomass was mixed and aerated for 1x4 weeks. The total amount of grass biomass from the experimental plot was 44.8 kg; the amount of added wood shavings was 13.9 kg. The total volume of raw mixture (fresh) was nearly 370 dm3 but due to the composting process during the growing season, the volume of composted raw materials was reduced at the end of the growing season to about 168 dm3. The measured and calculated values show that the composter volume required for the treatment of grown-up and cut grass biomass per 1m2 of garden lawn is 3.83 dm3. Due to fluctuations of grass biomass production in individual years, it is recommended to increase the required composter volume to 4 dm3 per 1m2 of garden lawn.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Biofiltracja jako metoda unieszkodliwiania odorów powstających podczas kompostowania frakcji biodegradowalnej odpadów komunalnych i przemysłowych
Neutralization of odors generated during composting of biodegradable fraction of municipal and industrial waste by biofiltration
Autorzy:: Kwarciak-Kozłowska, A.
Bańka, B.
Tematy:: kompostowanie
odpady biodegradowalne
biofiltracja
odory
biofiltr
composting
biodegradable waste
biofiltration
odor
biofilter; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Politechnika Częstochowska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Częstochowskiej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/297263.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: W artykule zaprezentowano zagadnienia związane z emisją związków zapachowych podczas kompostowania bioodpadów. Ze względu na skład gazów i charakter emitowanych związków w procesie kompostowania, a także niskie koszty i łatwą eksploatację biofiltracja wydaje się jedną z korzystniejszych metod dezodoryzacji w obiektach gospodarki odpadami. Biofiltracja wpisuje się w trend rozwoju zrównoważonego w dziedzinie neutralizacji zapachów drogą biologiczną bez używania reagentów chemicznych. Proces biologiczny opiera się na zasadzie reakcji utleniania związków w obecności tlenu i mikroorganizmów, dzięki czemu powstają biomasa, woda oraz produkty mineralne. Dzięki temu procesowi można uzyskać dobre efekty usuwania typowych zanieczyszczeń emitowanych z kompostowni (siarkowodór, amoniaki i lotne związki organiczne). Skuteczność usuwania H2S i amoniaku osiąga wartości bliskie 98%. W przypadku usuwania lotnych związków organicznych efektywność biofiltrów jest niższa i wynosi średnio 50%.
The paper presents the issues associated with the emission of aroma compounds during composting of biowaste. Biological methods for purification of air from volatile organic compounds such as biofiltration are effective and competitive in relation to the adsorption or absorption of thermal and catalytic combustion. This type of decontamination procedure does not require any substantial additional amounts of problematic substances and the quantities of waste generated is small. Due to the composition and nature of the gases emitted in the process of composting of the compounds, as well as low cost and easy operation of the biofiltration this method appears to be one of the more preferred ones in case of deodorization of waste management facilities. The essence of the biofilter is based on the degradation of contaminants by aerobic microorganisms contained in the filter material (biomass) disposed in the biofilter. Biological waste gas treatment is based on two main processes, which are the absorption of pollutants in water and biological decomposition of pollutants absorbed. Both processes take place at the same time and the effect of their common impact assessments is that the gases are purified by absorbing in the biological decomposition of pollutants sorbent regeneration. The purified gases might not involve inhibiting substances (including heavy metals or toxins), and their temperature must be within the range tolerated by the microorganisms colonizing the membrane biofilter filling. Decomposition of organic compounds using biofilters is carried out to CO2 and H2O with the participation of aerobic heterotrophic microorganisms. Autotrophic bacteria are capable of removing inorganic compounds from gases such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. Through this process you can get good results removing common pollutants emitted from the composting plant (hydrogen sulfide; ammonia and volatile organic compounds). The removal efficiency can reach 99% and 98% for hydrogen sulfide and ammonia respectively. In the case of the removal of volatile organic compounds biofilter efficiency is lower and amounts to an average of 50%.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Disposal of Gastro Waste in the Czech Republic Related to Valid Legislation
Regulacje prawne dotyczące składowana odpadów gastronomicznych w Czechach
Autorzy:: Kiraly, A.
Mudrunka, J.
Lyckova, B.
Tematy:: prawo
odpady gastronomiczne
odpady ulegające biodegradacji
zagrożenie zdrowia
gastro waste
biodegradable waste
health risks
legislation; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/318018.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Although the decisive Council Directive 1999/31/EC, on landfilling of waste, which binds the EU member countries to drastically reduce the landfilling of biowaste, the European legislation has not dealt with the questions of gastro waste disposal in detail to date. The directive decrees to reduce the volume of such waste disposed in landfills to 35% by 2020 related to 100% of the produced biodegradable waste in 1995. Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and the Council on wastes requires changes in the legislation of the EU member states in the form of accepting relevant legislation regulating biowaste disposal. Apart from the major goal of making a legislative framework for the use of such waste, the legal norms concerning the issue of biodegradable waste also strive to ensure the protection of public health and environmental soundness during waste processing. The importance of meeting the legislative principles becomes especially clear in gastro waste disposal as the risks of microbial contamination are particularly high.
Dyrektywa Rady 1999/31/WE w sprawie składowania odpadów, zobowiązuje kraje członkowskie do radykalnego zmniejszenia ilości składowanych bioodpadów, jednak w ustawodawstwie europejskim brak szczegółowych regulacji dotyczących odpadów gastronomicznych (kuchenne). Dyrektywa odpadowa stanowi, że ilość odpadów biodegradowalnych ma być zredukowana do roku 2020 do 35% ilości odpadów składowanych w 1995 r. Dyrektywa 2008/98 /WE Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady w sprawie odpadów wymaga wprowadzenia zmian w przepisach państw członkowskich UE w postaci przyjęcia odpowiednich przepisów dotyczących utylizacji odpadów organicznych. Oprócz głównego celu jakim jest tworzenie ram prawnych dla składowana tego typu odpadów, wprowadzane są normy prawne dotyczące ochrony zdrowia i stanu środowiska podczas utylizacji odpadów. Regulacje prawne dotyczące odpadów gastronomicznych są szczególnie ważne z uwagi na zagrożenie mikrobiologiczne.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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