Temat: biomethane - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Biomethane use in Sweden
Autorzy:: Backman, M.
Rogulska, M.
Tematy:: biomethane
transport
Sweden
biometan
Szwecja; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/263392.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Transport is responsible for around a quarter of EU greenhouse gas emissions making it the second biggest greenhouse gas emitting sector after energy. Biogas is one of the cleanest and most versatile renewable fuels available today, answering on challenges of EU sustainable development strategies. Upgraded biogas–biomethane–has the same advantages as natural gas, but additionally is a sustainable fuel that can be manufactured from local waste streams thereby also solving local waste problems. During the last years, the production and use of biomethane has significantly increased in many European countries. Sweden is world leading both in terms of automotive use of biomethane and its non-grid based transportation.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Reduction of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions from combustion engines of vehicles by using biomethane
Autorzy:: Merkisz, J.
Gis, W.
Tematy:: vehicles
combustion engines
pollutants
biomethane; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950096.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: This paper discusses generally the possibility of reduction carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions from internal combustion engines of vehicles by using biomethane. The road transport in Europe almost fully depends on fossil fuels. Diversification of the road transport fuels will be a key attribute for road transport in the coming years. Purified biogas is one of alternative renewable fuels. Actually, in Poland biogas is used for generating electricity and heat. In some countries (for example in Sweden), upgraded biogas to natural gas quality (biomethane) is used as a vehicle fuel too. In this paper estimated biogas production potential in Baltic See Region countries: Poland and Sweden. It was one of the purposes of European Project Baltic Biogas Bus, and it is taken into account in European Project More Baltic Biogas Bus realized presently. Comparative studies of exhaust emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides from city buses powered by diesel and CNG engine were carried out. The study was conducted under real traffic conditions in southern Polish city Rzeszow. Due to the lack in-service city buses with emission level Euro V in Rzeszow, comparative studies of this type of city buses powered by diesel and CNG engine was conducted in SORT I test. Determined mean values of road emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides in g/km for the city buses operated in Rzeszow. Estimated value of the total road emissions in the case that would be replaced half the fleet of city buses (40 CNG buses and about 35% of the diesel engine powered buses, meet Euro III emission standard) by the CNG-powered (biomethane) city buses, complying with Euro V (EEV) emission standard.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Swedish Urban Transport Model Powered by Biomethane
Autorzy:: Żółtowski, Andrzej
Tematy:: urban transport
alternative fuels
biomethane; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Międzynarodowa Wyższa Szkoła Logistyki i Transportu
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/504088.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: In the recent years, the European Community has been implementing a plan to increase the share of renewable fuels used for energy production and powering vehicles. It aims to partially reduce the dependence on crude oil imports and reduce CO2 emission. Particularly interesting are the achievements of Sweden against this background, for which the European Commission has set the highest value of the indicator, and to implement which Sweden adopted unconventional solutions across Europe. One of them is the plan to eliminate by the 2030 fossil fuels from the urban transport, and one of the fuels that is to replace today still widely used diesel oil, would be biomethane. The article describes the reasons and circumstances which made Sweden use biomethane to power buses used in urban transport on a very large scale, in comparison with other European countries. The article shows the characteristics of this fuel, the method of its production and application prospects.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Biomethane as a fuel for city transport
Autorzy:: Gis, W.
Żółtowski, A.
Grzelak, P. L.
Tematy:: biomethane
biogas
road transport
environmental protection
CNG; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247861.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Depletion of fossil energy sources, and thus the prices increase of conventional fuels such as gasoline or diesel fuel, the energy security and dependence on imported fuels, as well as the deteriorating environment and global warming mean that there are more and more new technologies using renewable energy sources nowadays. In the medium- and long-term perspective a significant changes are needed regarding means of transport in ensuring "sustainable mobility", while the horizon of short-term solution is the implementation of biofuels, including biogas refined to form of biomethane, and renewable alternative fuels. Biomethane is produced from waste organic matter. Directive 2009/28/EC indicates the benefits of using waste for the production of transport fuels, to decarbonisation of the energy sector and requires Member States of UE to use renewable fuels. The paper presents possibilities for the biomethane production, as well as conditions to use it as fuel to power city buses. The level of current use of gaseous fuels in the national urban transport was specified, and also conducted an evaluation of benefits, especially ecological, to use these fuels for these applications.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Feasibility study of biogas project development : technology maturity, feedstock, and utilization pathway
Autorzy:: Kalinichenko, Antonina
Havrysh, Valerii
Tematy:: manure
biomethane
economic analysis
crop residue
EROEI; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/205197.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Biogas production has a big potential to provide clean energy. To evaluate the future production and maturity of biogas technology the generalized Weng model was proved to be effective, due to it has the minimum error. The simple algorithms to determine its parameters have been proposed. The simulation results for China, USA, and EU have been presented. The quantity and quality analysis for biogas feedstock has been carried out. Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI) indicator for different biofuels was considered. According to analysis done biogas from maize residue and chicken manure has high EROEI. Shannon Index was suggested to evaluate the diversity of feedstock supply. Biomass energy cost indicator was grounded to be used for feedstock energy and cost assessment. Biogas utilization pathways have been shown. Biogas boilers and CHP have the highest thermal efficiency, but biogas (biomethane) has the highest potential to earn as a petrol substitute. Utilization of biogas upgrading by-product (carbon dioxide) enhances profitability of biogas projects. Methods to assess the optimal pathways have been described.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Possibilities of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture on the example of a biogas plant
Autorzy:: Samson-Bręk, Izabela Agata
Matuszewska, Anna
Tematy:: biogas
biomethane
GHG emission
life cycle
agriculture; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/263244.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The subject of this publication is to determine the impact of biogas plants on the environment, with particular emphasis on greenhouse gasses emissions associated with the production and management of biogas as the main plant product. The environmental impact of the agricultural sector as well as the state of development of the biogas market in European Union are presented as background for consideration of greenhouse gas emissions. One of the economy sectors responsible for GHG emissions is agriculture. One of the solutions of GHG reduction in agriculture is slurry management using biogas technology. It should be emphasized, that biogas not always has favorable emission parameters. The final emission throughout the whole life cycle of this energy carrier depends on many factors. The structure of GHG emissions largely depends on what type of raw material it used for biogas production and in what kind of tanks the digestate sludge is stored. If waste raw materials are used for biogas production, then GHG emission associated with their acquisition is assumed to be zero. On the other hand, if dedicated energy crops are used for biogas production, the emission connected with cultivation of these plants are added to the total GHG emissions. They are directly related to the use of fertilizers and plant protection products, field emissions of nitrous oxide and fuel combustion during the operation of agricultural machinery. Influence on the GHG emission has also the kind id digestate storage tank. If these are closed tanks, there is no emissions to the atmosphere. If tank is open, then methane is emitted directly to the air and is included in the total GHG balance.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: The Impact of Extrusion on the Biogas and Biomethane Yield of Plant Substrates
Autorzy:: Pilarski, K.
Pilarska, A. A.
Witaszek, K.
Dworecki, Z.
Żelaziński, T.
Ekielski, A.
Makowska, A.
Michniewicz, J.
Tematy:: extrusion
lignocellulosic biomass
anaerobic digestion
biomethane yield
economic balance; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/952409.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The objective of the present work was to determine the effect of pretreatment by extrusion on the biogas and biomethane yield of lignocellulosic substrates such as maize silage and maize straw silage. The biogas yields of the substrates before and after treatment were compared. Moreover, energy efficiency of pretreatment by extrusion was analyzed in order to assess the applicability of the process in an agricultural biogas plant. Extrusion tests were carried out in a short single-screw extruder KZM-2 in which the length-to-diameter ratio of the screw was 6:1 and rotational speed was 200 rpm. The biogas yield tests of the plant substrates after extrusion were carried out in a laboratory scale, using 15 biofermenters operated in a periodic manner, at a constant temperature of 39°C (mesophilic digestion) and controlled pH conditions. The gas-emission analysis was performed using a certified gas analyzer from Geotech GA5000. Pretreatment by extrusion was observed to improve the quantity of methane generated: in terms of fresh matter for maize silage subjected to extrusion, the methane yield was 16.48% higher than that of the non-extruded silage. On the other hand, maize straw silage after extrusion gave 35.30% more methane than did the same, non-extruded, material. Differences in yields relative to dry organic matter are also described in this paper. Taking into account the amount of energy that is spent on pretreatment and the generated amount of methane, the energy balance for the process gives an idea of the economics of the operation. For maize silage, energy efficiency was lower by 13.21% (-553.2 kWh/Mg), in contrast to maize straw silage, where the increase in energy was 33.49% (678.4 kWh/Mg). The obtained results indicate that more studies on the pretreatment and digestion of maize silage are required in order to improve the efficiency of its use for making biogas. To fully utilize its potential, it is necessary to know thoroughly the effect of the extrusion process and of biogas production on energy efficiency at different conditions.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Zastosowanie separacji membranowej do uzdatniania biogazu
The biogas upgrading by membrane separation
Autorzy:: Janusz-Cygan, Aleksandra
Tańczyk, Marek
Jaschik, Jolanta
Wojdyła, Artur
Sołtys, Elżbieta
Tematy:: separacja membranowa
biogaz
biometan
membrane separation
biogas
biomethane; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Inżynierii Chemicznej PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1955369.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Przeprowadzono analizę możliwości zatężania metanu pochodzącego z syntetycznych mieszanin gazowych o składzie zbliżonym do biogazu w komercyjnym module membranowym firmy Air Products. Przeprowadzono doświadczalne badania procesu permeacji czystego metanu i ditlenku węgla oraz badania separacji mieszanin CH4/CO2 zawierających 50 lub 60% obj. CH4. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że moduł ten można zastosować do uzdatniania biogazu do biometanu.
An analysis was carried out of the possibility of concentrating methane from a synthetic biogas in an Air Products membrane module. Experimental investigations concerning the permeation of pure gases and mixture of these gases containing 50 and 60 vol.% of methane and carbon dioxide, were carried out. An important conclusion from the investigationt is that this module can be used for the upgrading of biogas to biomethane.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Methane - a fuel for agriculture
Autorzy:: Piętak, A.
Radkowski, S.
Tematy:: renewable energy sources
biofuels
gaseous biofuels
methane
biomethane; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247160.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The development of societies building modern economies and production was and is associated with the continuous growth of energy consumption. Nowadays the world was forced to take a different look at the problem of energy consumption and fossil fuels. Because of cost of mining and production, unstable political situation in resource-rich countries and ecological perspective, many scientists seeks renewable energy sources, in quantity sufficient to meet the demand. Because of development of technologies obtaining many types of renewable energy sources that can be adapted to the needs of energy and the environment in which it will be received. Because of rich resources of ingredients that make production possible biogas, it is the most appropriate renewable fuel for agricultural infrastructure. The paper comprehensively describes factors influencing the development of renewable energy to their nature and technology in the application of renewable fuel gas with particular reference to methane gas and biomethane. There is general agreement on the Reed for sustainable biofuel industry, there is little understanding on how to avoid social and environmental degradation with global biofuel production. Results showed a variety of government policies, the most significant of which concerns agricultural production. In analyses the impact of government's policies on promotion of affordable, alternative energy sources capable of maintaining current energy consumption standards.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Investigation of separation properties of membrane materials based on polyphenylene oxide or diphthalic anhydride and diamine for biogas separation processes
Badanie właściwości separacyjnych materiałów membranowych wytworzonych na bazie tlenku polifenylu oraz bezwodnika diftalowego i diaminy na potrzeby procesu rozdzielania biogazu
Autorzy:: Janusz-Cygan, Aleksandra
Hamryszak, Łukasz
Pawlaczyk-Kurek, Anna
Jaschik, Jolanta
Gosiewski, Krzysztof
Wojdyła, Artur
Sołtys, Elżbieta
Tańczyk, Marek
Tematy:: separacja membranowa
biogaz
biometan
membrane separation
biogas
biomethane; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Inżynierii Chemicznej PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59112598.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Decarbonization, minimizing greenhouse gas emissions, circular economy and the waste-to-energy trend lead to increased demand for gas and green energy. The European Biogas Association shows that biomethane gas can cover 30-40% of EU gas demand by 2050. There is a steady increase in the number of biomethane installations in Europe. The application of membrane processes to biogas upgrading has been intensively researched. It is practically used in large installations with several hundred m3/ h of biogas, operating at pressures higher than 1 MPa [3-5].The problem arises when dealing with small farms, such as in Poland. Despite the estimated energy potential of the Polish agro-food sector for biogas production being over 7.8 bcm per year, there is a lack of small-scale biogas upgrading technologies suitable to Polish conditions. A good energy efficiency and overall profitability of the investment may be more difficult to achieve in this case. The proper design of a membrane separation process should be based on a thorough knowledge of the membrane characteristics, i.e. the permeability coefficients and selectivity on it, under conditions as close as possible to the actual operating conditions of the plant [6]. The aim of the work was to develop a methodology leading to a non-invasive estimation of the actual values of the permeability coefficients of the main biogas components CH4 and CO2. The laboratory tests were carried out on two kinds of flat polymer membranes (PPO 70 and AE 55) prepared by the Center for Polymer and Carbon Materials of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Zabrze. Both membranes had an active surface of 58 cm2 and a thickness of 85 μm. The pure gases CH4, CO2 and mixtures CO2/CH4 were examined separately. Permeation studies of pure gases were carried out at a feed gas flow rate of approximately 40 ml/min, a transmembrane pressure drop in the range of 1.7-7.5 bar (abs) at temperatures 19-21°C. However, the tests on the separation process of CO2/CH4 mixtures were carried out for feed gas flow rates of 60, 100, and 130 ml/min, with a constant transmembrane pressure drop of approximately 7 bar (abs), at a temperature of 20-22°C where methane concentration in carbon dioxide was 40, 50 and 60 vol.%. It was found that carbon dioxide was a component that permeated more quickly through both of the membranes. Moreover, it was observed that in each case the permeability coefficients are not constant, but change with the change in the feed gas pressure. The data from experimental research allowed to determine permeability coefficients and ideal CO2/CH4 separation factors which were respectively: PCO2 = 150 barrer PCH4 = 61 barrer, α*CO2/CH4 = 2.46 for the PPO 70 membrane, and PCO2 = 162.6 barrer, PCH4 = 25.8 barrer and α*CO2/CH4 = 6.3 in case of the AE 55 membrane.
Wyznaczono współczynniki przepuszczalności składników biogazu (CH4 i CO2) dla dwóch membran, wykonanych odpowiednio z tlenku polifenylu (PPO 70) oraz bezwodnika diftalowego i diaminy AE 55). Badania prowadzono dla czystych gazów i ich mieszanin w płaskich membranach polimerowych. Stwierdzono, że dla obu membran lepiej permeującym gazem jest CO2. Współczynnik permeacji tego gazu wyniósł 150 barrerów dla PPO 70 oraz 162,6 barrera dla AE 55, a idealny współczynnik rozdziału (α*CO2/CH4), odpowiednio 2,46 i 6,3.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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