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Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 116
Tytuł:
Immunolocalization of extensin and pectin epitopes in Liparis loeselii protocorm and protocorm-like bodies
Autorzy:
Starke, Michał D.
Bohdanowicz, Jerzy
Płachno, Bartosz
Kapusta, Małgorzata
Opis:
Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich, an endangered member of the Orchidaceae family, is found in alkaline fens. With the declining populations of L. loeselii, there is a pressing need to reintroduce this species in Central Europe. As in vitro germination is a crucial tool for obtaining plants for introduction into the environment, we looked at the morphological changes occurring during the early stages of L. loeselii development in vitro. As the early stages of orchid development, especially the protocorm stage, are thought to be responsible for SAM formation and the initiation of symbiotic association, we focused on cell wall elements whose epitopes have been found in similar processes in other species: the extensin and pectin rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) side chain epitopes. We addressed the following questions: Does the cell wall of L. loeselii change its composition during the early stages of development, as noted in other species? Are there noticeable similarities in the cell wall to organs of different species whose function is to contact microorganisms? Are there regularities that allow the recognition of individual structures on this basis? Immunolocalization revealed changes in the distribution of certain extensins (JIM11 and JIM20) and RG-I (LM5 and LM6) side chain epitopes. Extensins, a type of cell wall protein, were observed during the initial stages of the formation of PLB and the shoot apical meristem of protocorms and PLBs. RG-I, on the other hand, was found to play a significant role in the development of the protocorm and PLB. In pseudobulbs, which appeared on the protocorms, extensins occurred in their storage part. However, RG-I side chains (1→4)-β-galactans (LM5), and (1→5)-α-L-arabinans (LM6) were not found in pseudobulbs. We revealed that a common feature of protocorms and PLBs was an increased amount of extensins, which were detected with the JIM11 antibody, and pectins, which were detected with the LM5 antibody, that were present together, which may prove helpful in determining the identity of the induced structures and distinguishing them from pseudobulbs. Thus, our study unveiled the role of extensins and RG-I during the growth of protocorms and PLBs. We suggest that PLBs may mimic the wall remodelling that occurs in protocorms, which indicates that using cell wall components is an invitation to be colonised by a fungal partner. However, this needs to be tested in future research. The findings of this research can help interpret future studies on the propagation, acclimatisation, and introduction of L. loeselii into the natural environment.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
GT61 β-1,2-xylosyltransferases define a conserved xylan modification in gymnosperm and Arabidopsis primary cell walls
Autorzy:
London, James Andrew
Stott, Katherine
Yoshimi, Yoshihisa
Dupree, Paul
Anders, Nadine
Temple, Henry
Yu, Xiaolan
Echevarría‐Poza, Alberto
Thorlby, Glenn
Yates, Henry
Wurman‐Rodrich, Joel
Fleischmann, Christina
Davis, Katharine
Tryfona, Theodora
Sorieul, Mathias
Spodsberg, Nikolaj
Krogh, Kristian B. R. M.
Yu, Li
Hanning, Kyrin R.
Liszka, Aleksandra
Opis:
Plant primary and secondary cell walls differ in molecular composition, structure and mechanical properties. While secondary wall xylan has been extensively characterised, the structure of xylan in primary walls remains less well understood, particularly in gymnosperms. Here, we identify a previously uncharacterised β-1,2-linked xylosyl side chain in conifer and Arabidopsis thaliana xylan. Using enzymatic fingerprinting, NMR, and mass spectrometry, we show that this structure is positioned two xylose residues away from glucuronic acid substitutions, forming an evenly patterned substituted xylan. This spacing pattern is consistent with xylan–cellulose interaction, suggesting a structural role in primary wall architecture. This modification, found in primary wall-rich tissues of diverse conifer species, including needles and pro-embryogenic mass (PEM), is also present in Arabidopsis callus. We demonstrate that conifer Group III GT61 glycosyltransferases introduce this modification with consistent positional specificity. In Arabidopsis, three closely related GT61 enzymes act redundantly to generate the same structure, and their combined loss results in its complete absence. These findings uncover a conserved primary wall xylan modification in seed plants and define the GT61 enzymes responsible for its biosynthesis, opening new avenues to explore how xylan structure contributes to primary wall function.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Binding of human plasminogen and high-molecular-mass kininogen by cell surface-exposed proteins of Candida parapsilosis
Autorzy:
Karkowska-Kuleta, Justyna
Zajac, Dorota
Bras, Grazyna
Bochenska, Oliwia
Rapala-Kozik, Maria
Kozik, Andrzej
Tematy:
candidiasis
cell wall proteins
fibrinolysis
contact system
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Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038573.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Pathogenic microbes can recruit to their cell surface human proteins that are components of important proteolytic cascades involved in coagulation, fibrinolysis and innate immune response. Once located at the bacterial or fungal surface, such deployed proteins might be utilized by pathogens to facilitate invasion and dissemination within the host organism by interfering with functionality of these systems or by exploiting specific activity of the bound enzymes. Aim of the study presented here was to characterize this phenomenon in Candida parapsilosis (Ashford) Langeron et Talice - an important causative agent of systemic fungal infections (candidiases and candidemias) in humans. We have investigated the interactions of fungal surface-exposed proteins with plasminogen (HPG) and high-molecular-mass kininogen (HK) - the crucial components of human fibrinolytic system and proinflammatory/procoagulant contact-activated kinin-forming system, respectively. After confirming ability of the fungal surface-exposed proteins to bind HPG and HK, four of them - two agglutinin-like sequence (Als) proteins CPAR2_404780 and CPAR2_404800, a heat shock protein Ssa2 and a moonlighting protein 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 1 - were purified using ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration and chromatofocusing. Then, their affinities to HPG and HK were characterized with surface plasmon resonance measurements. The determined dissociation constants for the investigated protein-protein complexes were within a 10-7 M order for the HPG binding and in a range of 10-8-10-9 M for the HK binding. Detailed characterization of adsorption of these two important plasma proteins on the fungal cell surface may help to increase our understanding of molecular mechanisms of C. parapsilosis-dependent candidiasis.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Surfaceome of pathogenic yeasts, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis, revealed with the use of cell surface shaving method and shotgun proteomic approach
Autorzy:
Karkowska-Kuleta, Justyna
Zajac, Dorota
Bochenska, Oliwia
Kozik, Andrzej
Tematy:
cell surface shaving
proteomics
fungal pathogens
cell wall
Candida
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038923.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
In the course of infections caused by pathogenic yeasts from the genus Candida, the fungal cell surface is the first line of contact with the human host. As the surface-exposed proteins are the key players in these interactions, their identification can significantly contribute to discovering the mechanisms of pathogenesis of two emerging pathogens from this genus, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify the cell wall-attached proteins of these two species with the use of cell surface shaving and a shotgun proteomic approach. Different morphological forms of C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis cells obtained after growth under various conditions were subjected to this treatment. This allowed to indicate the most abundant cell surface proteins on the basis of the normalized spectral abundance factors. In case of yeast-like forms these were, among others, proteins similar to a chitinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and an inducible acid phosphatase for C. parapsilosis, and a constitutive acid phosphatase, pyruvate decarboxylase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase for C. tropicalis. In case of pseudohyphal forms, proteins similar to a cell surface mannoprotein Mp65, chitinase and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored transglycosylase Crh11 were identified at the cell surface of C. parapsilosis. The Rbt1 cell wall protein, a hyphally regulated cell wall protein and proteins from agglutinin-like sequence protein family were found as the most abundant on C. tropicalis pseudohyphae. Apart from the abovementioned proteins, several additional covalently bound and atypical cell wall proteins were also identified. These results extend the current knowledge regarding the molecular basis of virulence of these two non-albicans Candida species.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Organismal view of a plant and a plant cell.
Autorzy:
Wojtaszek, Przemysław
Tematy:
cell wall
plant cell
organismal theory
plant
cell theory
apoplast
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1044138.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Cell walls are at the basis of a structural, four-dimensional framework of plant form and growth time. Recent rapid progress of cell wall research has led to the situation where the old, long-lasting juxtaposition: "living" protoplast - "dead" cell wall, had to be dropped. Various attempts of re-interpretation cast, however, some doubts over the very nature of plant cell and the status of the walls within such a cell. Following a comparison of exocellular matrices of plants and animals, their position in relation to cells and organisms is analysed. A multitude of perspectives of the biological organisation of living beings is presented with particular attention paid to the cellular and organismal theories. Basic tenets and resulting corollaries of both theories are compared, and evolutionary and developmental implications are considered. Based on these data, "The Plant Body" - an organismal concept of plants and plant cells is described.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 116

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