Temat: cereals - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: The impact of packaging on the microbiological quality of breakfast cereals
Autorzy:: Śliżewska, Katarzyna
Nowakowska, Agata
Olejnik, Tomasz Piotr
Sobiecka, Elżbieta
Tematy:: breakfast cereals
microbial contamination
quality of breakfast cereals; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Skórzanego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59115436.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The aim of the paperwork was to study the microflora found in breakfast cereals available in stores, and to assess the effect of packaging on the microbiological product quality. The flakes tested were hermetically packed and sold by weight. The microbiological analysis included determination of the total number of mesophilic microorganisms, the total number of aerobic bacteria and mould, coagulase-positive bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family, including coliform bacteria, Salmonella, and Shigella. It was found that spore bacterial and moulds of the Aspergillus and Penicillum genus were the dominant microflora that contaminated flakes. There were no coagulasepositive staphylococci and Salmonella and Shigella bacteria. The most contaminated products were cocoa balls and wheat flakes with rice sold by weight. In general, lower contamination levels were found in hermetically packaged flakes than in those sold by weight.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Level of contamination with mycobiota and contents of mycotoxins from the group of trichothecenes in grain of wheat , oats, barley, rye and triticale harvested in Poland in 2006-2008
Autorzy:: Stuper-Szablewska, Kinga
Perkowski, Juliusz
Tematy:: cfu
ergosterol
trichothecenes
cereals; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989017.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Introduction and Objective. The risk of cereal exposure to microbial contamination is high and possible at any time, starting from the period of plant vegetation, through harvest, up to the processing, storage and transport of the final product. Contents of mycotoxins in grain are inseparably connected with the presence of fungal biomass, the presence of which may indicate the occurrence of a fungus, and indirectly also products of its metabolism. Materials and method. Analyses were conducted on 378 grain samples of wheat, triticale, barley, rye and oats collected from grain silos located at grain purchase stations and at mills in Poland in 2006, 2007 and 2008. The concentrations of ERG and mycotoxins from the group of trichothecenes, as well as CFU numbers were analysed. Results. The tested cereals were characterised by similarly low concentrations of both the investigated fungal metabolites and the level of microscopic fungi. However, conducted statistical analyses showed significant variation between tested treatments. Oat and rye grain contained the highest amounts of ERG, total toxins and CFU. In turn, the lowest values of investigated parameters were found in grain of wheat and triticale. Conclusions. Chemometric analyses, based on the results of chemical and microbiological tests, showed slight differences between contents of analysed metabolites between the years of the study, and do not confirm the observations on the significance of the effect of weather conditions on the development of mycobiota and production of mycotoxins; however, it does pertain to treatments showing no significant infestation. Highly significant correlations between contents of trichothecenes and ERG concentration (higher than in the case of the correlation of the total toxin concentrations/log cfu/g), indicate that the level of this metabolite is inseparably connected with mycotoxin contents in grain.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Predicting wheat stripe rust epidemics according to influential climatic variables
Autorzy:: Naseri, B.
Sharifi, F.
Tematy:: cereals
climate
epidemiology
yellow rust; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2084878.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: From 2009 to 2018, a total of 80 wheat crops were studied at plot and regional scales to predict stripe rust epidemics based on influential climatic indicators in Kermanshah province, Iran. Disease onset time and epidemic intensity varied spatially and temporarily. The disease epidemic variable was classified as having experienced nonepidemic, moderate or severe epidemics to be used for statistical analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify climatic variables associated with occurrence and intensity of stripe rust epidemics. Two principal factors accounting for 70% of the total variance indicated association of stripe rust epidemic occurrence with the number of icy days with minimum temperatures below 0°C (for subtropical regions) and below −10°C (for cool temperate and semi-arid regions). Disease epidemic intensity was linked to the number of rainy days, the number of days with minimum temperatures within the range of 7−8°C and relative humidity (RH) above 60%, and the number of periods involving consecutive days with minimum temperature within the range of 6−9°C and RH% > 60% during a 240-day period, from September 23 to May 21. Among mean monthly minimum temperatures and maximum relative humidity examined, mean maximum relative humidity for Aban (from October 23 to November 21) and mean minimum temperature for Esfand (from February 20 to March 20) indicated higher contributions to stripe rust epidemic development. Confirming PCA results, a multivariate logit ordinal model was developed to predict severe disease epidemics. The findings of this study improved our understanding of the combined interactions between air temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and wheat stripe rust development over a three-season period of autumn-winter-spring.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Isolated endosperm tissue as a model for experimental botany
Autorzy:: Popielarska-Konieczna, Marzena
Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno, Małgorzata
Ślesak, Halina
Kwolek, Dagmara
Marcińska, Izabela
Opis:: Experiments conducted on isolated endosperm under in vitro conditions have opened new possibilities to investigate this specific and unique plant tissue. Results are important as well for basic knowledge as for agriculture practice.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: THE POSITION OF POLAND AS A CEREAL PRODUCER IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER EU COUNTRIES
Autorzy:: Dawid, Dobrowolski,
Paweł, Śmidoda,
Tematy:: cereal market
European Union
cereals
Polska; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Kujawsko-Pomorska Szkoła Wyższa w Bydgoszczy
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/898154.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: THE POSITION OF POLAND AS A CEREAL PRODUCER IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER EU COUNTRIES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Wybrane metody hodowlane wykorzystywane przez DANKO Hodowla Roślin Sp. z o.o. oraz oczekiwania spółki wobec polskich naukowców
Selected breeding methods used by DANKO Hodowla Roślin Sp. z o.o. and the companys expectations towards Polish scientists
Autorzy:: Haremza, Jarosław
Tematy:: DANKO HR
hodowla
zboża
breeding
cereals; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2199486.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: W pracy syntetycznie przedstawiono działalność hodowlaną spółki DANKO Hodowla Roślin Sp. z o. o. Wskazano zakres prowadzonych prac jak i możliwości nawiązania współpracy z nauką. przedstawiono metody i techniki stosowane przez spółkę w pracach hodowlanych.
The work presents the breeding activity of DANKO Hodowla Roślin Sp. z o. o. The scope of work was indicated as well as opportunities to establish cooperation with science. Methods and techniques used by the company in breeding are presented.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Effect of storage conditions on the formation of type A and B trichothecenes in cereal products
Autorzy:: Pokrzywa, P.
Cieślik, E.
Surma, M.
Tematy:: trichothecenes
cereals
cereal products
mycotoxin production; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2083082.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Introduction and objective. Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by certain types of fungi, causing pathological changes in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of contamination of selected cereal grains, bran and cereal products intended for children, with mycotoxins using GCxGC-TOF-MS technique. The study involved mycotoxins belonging to the type A and B trichothecenes group, including T-2 toxin (T-2), HT-2 toxin (HT-2), scirpenol (SCI), 15-monoacetoxyscirpenol (15-MAS), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), triacetoxyscirpenol (TAS), fusarenon-X (FUS-X), nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyl-DON (3-Ac-DON), 15-acetyl-DON (15-Ac-DON). The study also assessed the effect of conditions in which the samples were stored, including temperature (6 °C and 28 °C) and time (14 and 28 days), on fungal growth and mycotoxin production. Among all studied compounds, only DAS and HT-2 toxins were detected in tested samples, with the exception of products intended for children. Measured HT-2 mycotoxin content in tested samples was in the range 83.9 – 196.4 μg kg-1. Results and conclusions. Experiments with storage conditions showed a statistically significant increase in the HT-2 toxin level after 14 days of storage in all samples, irrespective of temperature. Prolonged storage (additional 14 days) did not cause significant changes in the HT-2 content. Further analyses showed a statistically significant effect of storage temperature on HT-2 toxin levels only in cereal products intended for children after both 14 and 28 days. Interestingly, lower temperature (6 °C) was more optimal then higher temperature (28 °C) for the HT-2 toxin production. No significant effect of storage temperature on HT-2 level was observed for cereal grains and bran.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Występowanie mikotoksyny deoksyniwalenolu w surowcach i produktach spożywczych
Occurrence of deoxyniva lenol in raw materials and food products
Autorzy:: Kawecka, W.
Rachtan-Janicka, J.
Wrońska, A.
Dymerska, K.
Tematy:: trichoteceny
zboża
toksyczność
trichothecenes
cereals
toxicity; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Wyższa Szkoła Menedżerska w Warszawie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/228762.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę budowy i działania deoksyniwalenolu będącego wtórnym metabolitem grzybów strzępkowych z rodzaju Fusarium. Najwięcej mikotoksyny produkują komórki grzybów należące do gatunków Fusarium graminearum i Fusarium culmorum. Optymalne podłoże dla rozwoju grzybni z zarodników tych grzybów stanowią ziarna zbóż we wszystkich strefach geograficznych. Deoksyniwalenol (DON) może być produkowany w komórkach grzybni zarówno w okresie przedżniwnym, pożniwnym oraz w czasie przechowywania, transportu i przetwarzania ziarna zbóż. Według wielu autorów opracowań naukowych DON wykazuje silne działanie toksyczne u ludzi i zwierząt.
This paper presents the characteristics of the constitution and operation of deoxynivalenol which is a secondary metabolite of fungi of the genus Fusarium. Fungi of the genus Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum produce mycotoxins at most. The optimal substrate for mycelial growth of these fungi spores are the grains in all geographical areas. Deoxynivalenol (DON) can be produced in the cells of the mycelium on grains before harvest, after harvest, during storage, transport and processing. According to many authors of scientific papers, DON has a strong toxic effect in humans and animals.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Rynek zbóż w Unii Europejskiej i jego wpływ na sytuację w Polsce
The market of cereals in the European Union and his influence on the situation in Poland
Autorzy:: Kalicki, Andrzej
Tematy:: rynek zbóż
the market of cereals; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Centrum Doradztwa Rolniczego w Brwinowie. Oddział w Poznaniu
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2232291.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Decydujący wpływ na skalę hossy na rynku surowców rolnych w latach 2007-2008 r. miały przede wszystkim czynniki finansowo-spekulacyjne. Rekordy cenowe biły nie tylko zboża, także ropa naftowa, metale czy kruszce. Po okresie szybkiego wzrostu oraz spadku cen następuje zazwyczaj okres szukania nowego poziomu równowagi, charakteryzujący się krótkookresowymi, dość gwałtownymi wahaniami cen. Według Amerykańskiego Departamentu Rolnego, zbiory zbóż na świecie (łącznie z ryżem) w sezonie 2009/2010 szacowane są na 2,196 mld ton wobec 2,231 mld ton sezon wcześniej. Podaż ziarna będzie jednak wyższa niż w 2008/2009 – wzrost z 2,592 mld ton do 2,641 mld ton. Większe będą też zapasy końcowe – wzrost z poziomu początkowego 444,9 mln ton do 451,5 mln ton. Konkurencja o rynki zbytu będzie wyjątkowo ostra również ze względu na mniejsze zapotrzebowanie na importowane ziarno ze strony kluczowych odbiorców. Wiele z tych krajów zanotowało bowiem bardzo dobre, rodzime zbiory. Dodatkowym czynnikiem mającym wpływ na handel będzie obecny kryzys na rynkach finansowych. Na rynku Unii Europejskiej bardzo istotnym czynnikiem mogącym mieć wpływ na rynek zbóż pozostaje skup interwencyjny. Tanie zboża mogą mieć znaczenie dla ożywienia i poprawy opłacalności produkcji mięsa i mleka. Wiele będzie zależało od popytu na te produkty, a więc od ogólnej koniunktury gospodarczej. W stabilizowaniu polskiego rynku zbóż coraz większą rolę mogą zacząć odgrywać biopaliwa i bioenergia zwłaszcza w warunkach systematycznego ograniczania wszelkich form interwencjonizmu na unijnym rynku zbóż. W Polsce ich produkcja wciąż znajduje na bardzo wczesnym etapie rozwoju.
The decisive influence on scale of market boom of farming raw materials in years 2007-2008 year had first of all financial-speculative factors. Price records struck not only a cereal, also crude oil, metals or ores. After the period of rapid growth and slump follows usually the period of seek of new level of equilibrium, being characterized short, enough impetuous price variations. According to the American Agriculture Department, yield of cereals in the world (inclusive rice) in season 2009/2010 are estimated on 2,196 billions tone in face 2,231 bil. tone. the season earlier. Supply of grain will be however higher than in 2008/2009 -- the height with 2,592 bln tone to 2,641 bil. tone. Greater will be also closing stocks -- the height from first level 444,9 millions tone to 451,5 millions tone. The competition for marked will be exceptionally sharp also for smaller application on imported grain on the part of key-receivers. Many from these countries it noted as very good native yields. An additional factor having influence on the trade will be present crisis on financial markets. On the European Union market crucial actor to have influence on cereals market have interventional purchasing. Cheap cereals can count animations and improvements of profitability of meat and milk production. Many will be relative to demand on these products, so from the general business conditions. In stabilizing of the Polish market of cereals the more and more greater part can begin play biofuel and bioenergy especially conditioned of systematical stint of all forms of interventionism on the Union cereals market. In Poland their production continually finds on very early stage of development.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Zboża jako składnik rolnictwa i gospodarki Polski
Cereals as a component of agriculture and Polish economy
Autorzy:: Kapusta, Franciszek
Tematy:: cereals
area
production
structure
balance
self-sufficiency; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/569868.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The aim of this study was to: a) show the place and role of cereals in the Polish economy in the early twenty-first century; b) analyze changes in the area of cereal crops and their share in the structure of crops in the years 1938-2013; c) analyze trends in the size and structure of grain production in the years 1938-2013; d) perform balance of cereals and determination of Polish self-sufficiency in this product; e) characterize trends in destiny cereals; f) present state intervention in the grain market. The analysis is based on sources such as scientific publications, reports of the Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics − National Research and statistical materials. The collected material was developed and interpreted using the methods: a comparison in the horizontal and vertical form, statistical form and determine the Polish self-sufficiency in grain production in terms of technical and economical Kapusta method. Cereals are an important component of agriculture and Polish economy since they are grown by 89.5% of farms, occupy almost three quarters of crop area and are an essential component of crop rotation (2013). 19.1% of global agriculture production and 35.5% of plant production and 13.1% of the agricultural commodity production and 29.1% of crop production form an important source of nutrients, the basis of the food pyramid and a basic component of food security, cereals and their derivatives are the subject of foreign trade and a source of increasing surplus in the trade balance (2012/2013 + 1 150 thousand euros). Already in pre- WWII Poland the position of grain was high, and in post-war Poland variable with a tendency to increase their role in plantings and agricultural production. Under the influence of various factors, mainly economic and natural there are changes to the total cereal cultivation area and the individual species. The universality of cereal crops makes difficulties in disseminating biological and technological progress. Although in the post-war period there was a decrease in areas planted with cereals, their collections are on the rise; also changes its structure in favor of more intensive species at a higher value in use (wheat, barley, triticale, corn). The production is realized in order to satisfy human needs, and therefore a good measure of the production of goods per 1 inhabitant, in this case the grain. From the pre-war years to modern years grain production has increased from 404 kg per capita to 739 kg. In the balance sheet of cereals at the beginning of the twenty-first century, we have two different situations; relatively stable internal consumption is accompanied by high volatility on the production side (changes in acreage and yields), which generates the need for imports in the years of crop failure. In Poland, cereals consumed (average of the years 2000 / 01-2012 / 13, for 13 years) are as follows: grazing − 60.5%, consumption − 22.2%, sowing (reproduction) − 7.2%, industrial processing − 4.5%, other (loss defects) − 3.7%. At the same time Poland exported 15,676 thousand tons of grain, and imported 16, 530 thousand tones, i.e. 854 thousand tons more. In subsequent years, however, there were changing trends in the balance of foreign trade in grain. In the period of Polish membership in the European Union we observe the increased foreign sales of grain and milk (both exports and imports). As a result of well-developed grain processing and export of its products Poland has achieved positive balance of trade with increasing surplus with foreign countries in terms of value for several years. The cereals market in Poland − as in other European Union countries − is regulated, and this action is led the Agricultural Market Agency on behalf of the state.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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