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Wyszukujesz frazę "climate variability" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Maize yield sensitivity to climate variability in South Africa: application of the ardl-ecm approach
Autorzy:
Shoko, Rangarirai Roy
Belete, Abenet
Chaminuka, Petronella
Tematy:
maize
climate variability
ARDL model
cointegration
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Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1911913.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Climate affects crop production decisions and outcomes in agriculture. From very short-term decisions about which crops to grow, when to plant or harvest a field, to longer-term decisions about farm investments, climate can positively or negatively affect agricultural systems. Although the general effects of climate change on agriculture are broadly understood, there are limited studies that model the relationship between specific crops and climate variables. The study uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to analyze the sensitivity of maize yield to climate variables, fertilizer use and other non-climate variables. This paper uses annual time-series data of 47 observations spanning from 1970 to 2016. The results reveal that rainfall and temperature are important maize yield drivers in South Africa. However, if excessive, they will produce negative effects. The findings of this analysis are relevant for designing long-term interventions to mitigate the effects of climate change on maize production.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The sensitivity of vegetation in the lower Tigris basin landscapes to regional and global climate variability
Autorzy:
Alhumaima, Ali S.
Abdullaev, Sanjar M.
Tematy:
climate variability
vegetation
global modulation
precipitation
temperature
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/35516789.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
This study investigates the lower Tigris basin’s the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) sensitivity in 2000–2016 to regional climate variability reflected by the monthly precipitation and temperature time series of seven global datasets as well as to four global circulation indices. To examine the effect of climate variability on the different ecosystems, the study area has been classified into 10 smaller natural and anthropogenic landscapes based on landforms and land cover patterns. The preliminary analysis showed that the maximum biological productivity reflected by the NDVI of March and April has the highest correlation (0.5–0.8) to the same cumulative amounts of October–March period total precipitation and January–March period mean temperatures according to all datasets. In addition, this article showed there is a correlation between landscapes’ NDVI and global modulation represented by the September–February state of El Nińo-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (0.55–0.70) and December state of the dipole mode index (DMI) (0.35–0.72). The significant differences in the original precipitation and temperature levels according to the different datasets have urged the use of normalized time series: z-score of temperatures and analogous six-months the standardized precipitation index (SPI). However, the multiple correlation analysis showed that using ERA-
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zróżnicowanie warunków klimatycznych w Japonii
Differentiation of climatic conditions in Japan
Autorzy:
Kopaczka, Diana
Opis:
The purpose of the study is to characterize Japan's climatic conditions based on the data from the period 1961-2015. Climate-specific factors have been identified as well as the most important features of Japan's climate. The spatial variability of climatic conditions was analyzed on the basis of the annual cycle of selected elements of the climate. In addition the variability of air temperature and total precipitation was analyzed. Significant contrasts in climatic conditions were found both between the analyzed regions and stations within the regions. The greatest variability was noted for the western and eastern coasts, which are characterized by different features during the winter monsoon. The meridional extent also affects the strong thermal and precipitation diversity between northern and southern Japan.
Celem opracowania jest charakterystyka warunków klimatycznych Japonii na podstawie danych ze 128 stacji z lat 1961-2015. Określono czynniki klimatotwórcze, a także przedstawiono najważniejsze cechy klimatu Japonii. Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne warunków klimatycznych analizowano na podstawie przebiegu rocznego wybranych elementów klimatu. Dodatkowo dokonano analizy zmienności temperatury powietrza i opadów. Znaczne kontrasty w warunkach klimatycznych wykazano zarówno między analizowanymi regionami jak i stacjami wewnątrz regionów. Największe zróżnicowanie zaznacza się na zachodnim i wschodnim wybrzeżu, które podczas monsunu zimowego charakteryzują się odmiennymi cechami. Rozciągłość południkowa wpływa również na silne zróżnicowanie termiczne i opadowe między północną i południową Japonią.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Inne
Tytuł:
Factors influencing farmers’ awareness and choice of adaptation strategies to climate change by smallholder crop farmers
Autorzy:
Mdoda, Lelethu
Tematy:
Climate variability, awareness, crop productivity, adaptation strategies, Binary Model, Libode.
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Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1891793.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Climate variability is a global phenomenon and its effects on agricultural productivity have been experienced by developing countries drastically. Climate differences such as high temperatures, drought and long seasons have led to a loss in food production through crop failure, water stress, and human disease outbreak. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate factors influencing farmers’ awareness and choice of adaptation strategies to climate variability by smallholder crop farmers in Libode, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Primary data were purposively collected from 120 smallholder crop farmers. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate factors influencing farmers’ awareness while Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the choice of adaptation strategies employed by crop farmers. Results showed that farmers have perceived climate change and have adapted to changing climatic conditions. The empirical results have showed that socio-economic factors such as years spent in school, land size, farm experience, and extension services affect farmers' awareness positively while age has a negative influence. Few farmers have adjusted their farming practices to account for the effects of climate change. Thus, the study identifies crop diversification and agroforestry as being the most promising strategies with benefits for farmers, the environment and future generations. The government should develop policies aimed at providing and enhancing farmers’ knowledge on climate change. Farmers are encouraged to form farm organizations and be active as to serve as a platform to share knowledge on indigenous and technological farming practices for effective climate change adaptation.  
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of the climatic variations in the wind waves parameters on the alongshore sediment transport
Autorzy:
Divinsky, B.V.
Kosyan, R.D.
Tematy:
climate variability
wind wave
coastal zone
sediment transport
numerical modelling
Black Sea
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Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2079275.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
The purpose of this work was to analyze the influence of climatic variability of wind waves and swell parameters in the coastal zone on the sediment transport and to assess the contribution of the swell to the formation of alongshore fluxes. The object of research is the Anapa bay-bar (the Black Sea). Mathematical modeling has shown that in the Anapa bay-bar area the average annual wind waves and swell powers have significant interannual variability. For the period from 1979 to 2017, in the southern part of the bay-bar, there was a statistically significant decrease in the share of swell in the alongshore transport, directed from NW to SE, in the central part – an increase in the contribution of swell to the total sediment flow from SE to NW, in the northern part – probable increase in flows to NW and decrease – to SE. Such a dynamic is consistent, in general, with experimental observations of the processes of erosion and accumulation of beach-forming material along the Anapa bay-bar coastline. A separate description of the bottom sediment fluxes under the influence of wind waves and swell made it possible to explain the fluctuations of the coastline over a climatic period.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Survival potential of Phytophthora infestans sporangia in relation to environmental factors and late blight occurrence
Autorzy:
Olanya, O.M.
Anwar, M.
He, Z.
Larkin, R.P.
Honeycutt, C.W.
Tematy:
survival
Phytophthora infestans
sporangia
environmental factor
late blight
occurrence
climate variability
potato
tomato
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Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/65009.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Potato is an important crop globally and late blight (Phytophthora infestans) often results in severe crop loss. The cost for late blight control can be in excess of $210 million in the United States. We utilised a non-parametric density distribution analysis of local temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH), from 2005 to 2009, to assess and validate sporangia survival potential using survival model and late blight risks during the potato cropping season at Presque Isle, in the northern part of the state of Maine, USA. Modelbased analyses showed that ambient temperatures of 3−30°C and RH values of 45−100% were conducive for sporangia survival. Disease outbreaks and risk periods coincided with a high sporangia survival probability (15−35%). Due to the omission of solar radiation (SR) in the computation of survival potential in previous research, we applied a Cox proportional model to estimate the probability of sporangia survival [i.e. hazard at a specific time H(t)] as a function of baseline hazard (H0) and the influencing parameters. The model is: H(t) = H0(t) × exp(0.067ET + 0.138T + 0.083RH + 0.001SR) where ET is exposure time. The survival model indicated that RH (β = 0.083) and T (β = 0.138) were significant (p < 0.05) factors in sporangia survival in comparison to SR (β = 0.001). The hazard ratio, indicative of sporangia survival risk, varied with the predictors. For the unit increase of T, sporangia survival hazard increased by 1.148 times. The Cox model and sporangia hazard probabilities can be used for short-term disease forecasts based on the risk period most conducive for pathogen survival and targeted fungicide applications for optimum late blight management.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Extension support for grain crop producers under climate variability scenario: implications for extension management in Limpopo province, South Africa
Rozszerzone wsparcie dla rolników prowadzących uprawę zbóż przeciwdziałające efektom zmian klimatycznych: przesłanki do stosowania rozszerzonego zarządzania w prowincji Limpopo w Afryce Południowej
Autorzy:
Afful, D.B.
Ayisi, K.K.
Tematy:
extension support
grain crop
producer
climate variability
farm management
Limpopo province
South Africa
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43194.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
The paper examined how the farm management support provided by public extension to mitigate the effects of climate variability influences farmers’ production, and whether this support considers farmers’ capital assets. Both probability and non-probability sampling procedures were used to select districts, municipalities and farmers from 20 villages of Limpopo province, South Africa in January, 2014. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data from field-level extension agents and smallholder grain farmers. The most common climate variability coping strategy promoted by many agents was climate-smart agriculture practices. This strategy was applied by most users and non-users of extension support. The most popular channel used by agents to communicate information to farmers was farm visits. There were indications that agents did not consider producers’ capital assets in their choice of channels to communicate information to producers. Results further indicate that extension support, including climate variability information, contributed to increased crop yields, albeit small. It is recommended that field trials be done to ensure proper application of climate variability coping measures. More use of mass media and group methods to supplement farm visits is recommended.
W artykule zbadano, jak wsparcie w zarządzaniu gospodarstwem – w ramach pomocy publicznej służącej złagodzeniu skutków zmienności klimatu – wpływa na produkcję w gospodarstwach i czy przy jego udzielaniu uwzględnia się zasoby kapitałowe tych gospodarstw. Do badań przeprowadzonych w styczniu 2014 roku wybrano powiaty, gminy i rolników z 20 wsi w prowincji Limpopo w Afryce Południowej, przy zastosowaniu doboru losowego i nielosowego. Do zbierania danych posłużyły specjalnie przygotowane kwestionariusze, wypełnione przez przedstawicieli terenowych i rolników prowadzących małe gospodarstwa rolne. Najczęściej wskazywaną przez przedstawicieli terenowych strategią radzenia sobie ze zmianami klimatycznymi było stosowanie metod prowadzenia gospodarstwa odpowiednio uwzględniających te warunki. Wykorzystywało ją większość osób, zarówno korzystających, jak i niekorzystających ze wsparcia. Przedstawiciele terenowi najczęściej przekazywali informacje bezpośrednio podczas wizyt w gospodarstwach. Wskazywano, że przedstawiciele nie uwzględniali zasobów kapitałowych gospodarstw przy udzielaniu wsparcia producentom rolnym. Wyniki wskazują również, że udzielane wsparcie uwzględniało przekazywanie informacji o zmianach klimatycznych mających wpływ na uprawy polowe, aczkolwiek w niewielkim stopniu. Zaleca się przeprowadzenie badań terenowych w celu zapewnienia właściwego stosowania strategii radzenia sobie ze zmianami klimatycznymi. Uzupełnieniem tego może być wykorzystanie mediów masowych i metod grupowych.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The major Baltic inflow in January 2003 and preconditioning by smaller inflows in summer-autumn 2002: a model study
Autorzy:
Meier, H.E.M.
Doscher, R.
Broman, B.
Piechura, J.
Tematy:
climate variability
numerical modelling
bottom boundary layer
Baltic Sea
major inflow
Baltic inflow
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Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48684.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Using the results of the Rossby Centre Ocean model (RCO) the Baltic inflows in summer/autumn 2002 and January 2003 have been studied. The model results were extracted from a long simulation with observed atmospheric forcing starting in May 1980. In RCO a bottom boundary layer model was embedded. Both the smaller inflows and the major inflow in January 2003 are simulated in good agreement with observations. We found that a total of 222 km3 water entered the Baltic in January; the salinity of 94 km3 was greater than 17 PSU. In August/September 2002 the outflow through the Sound and inflow across the Darss Sill were simulated. The net inflow volume amounted to about 50 km3.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of climate variability on Quercus rubra phenotype and spread in Lithuanian forests
Autorzy:
Straigyte, L.
Zalkauskas, R.
Tematy:
climate variability
Quercus rubra
phenotype
spread
Lithuania
forest
alien plant
maritime region
seedling
stem
quality
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41531.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
This study investigates the effect of climate variability on the phenotype, leaf litter decomposition intensity and seedling spread of alien red oak (Quercus rubra L.). Twenty-eight red oak forest stands located in Lithuania were evaluated. Indirect climate change indicators such as continentality were used in the analysis. Simulation of climate warming was achieved using an agro sheet cover. According to the results, the morphological traits of red oak stems in the maritime regions (warmer winters) do not differ significantly from those of red oaks stems in the continental areas of Lithuania (colder winters, more frequent spring frosts). Red oak leaf litter under an agro sheet cover (warmer conditions) decomposes at almost the same intensity as without the cover (natural conditions). The red oak seedlings spread 100 m or more irrespective of continentality. These results showed indirectly that climate change will not affect red oak stem quality or microorganism activity in the process of leaf litter decomposition. Red oak will thus remain as an invasive species, threatening composition change in native forests.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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