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Tytuł:
Neurofeedback training for peak performance
Autorzy:
Pąchalska, Maria
Kropotov, Iurii D.
Mańko, Grzegorz
Mirski, Andrzej
Łukaszewska, Beata
Graczyk, Marek
Kochanowicz, Kazimierz
Ziółkowski, Artur
Opis:
Aim. One of the applications of the Neurofeedback methodology is peak performance in sport. The protocols of the neurofeedback are usually based on an assessment of the spectral parameters of spontaneous EEG in resting state conditions. The aim of the paper was to study whether the intensive neurofeedback training of a well-functioning Olympic athlete who has lost his performance confidence after injury in sport, could change the brain functioning reflected in changes in spontaneous EEG and event related potentials (ERPs). Case study. The case is presented of an Olympic athlete who has lost his performance confidence after injury in sport. He wanted to resume his activities by means of neurofeedback training. His QEEG/ERP parameters were assessed before and after 4 intensive sessions of neurotherapy. Dramatic and statistically significant changes that could not be explained by error measurement were observed in the patient. Conclusion. Neurofeedback training in the subject under study increased the amplitude of the monitoring component of ERPs generated in the anterior cingulate cortex, accompanied by an increase in beta activity over the medial prefrontal cortex. Taking these changes together, it can be concluded that that even a few sessions of neurofeedback in a high performance brain can significantly activate the prefrontal cortical areas associated with increasing confidence in sport performance.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Domain-general and language-specific contributions to speech production in a second language : an fMRI study using functional localizers
Autorzy:
Szewczyk, Jakub
Wodniecka-Chlipalska, Zofia
Szwed, Marcin
Wolna, Agata
Diaz, Michele
Domagalik, Aleksandra
Opis:
For bilinguals, speaking in a second language (L2) compared to the native language (L1) is usually more difficult. In this study we asked whether the difficulty in L2 production reflects increased demands imposed on domain-general or core language mechanisms. We compared the brain response to speech production in L1 and L2 within two functionally-defined networks in the brain: the Multiple Demand (MD) network and the language network. We found that speech production in L2 was linked to a widespread increase of brain activity in the domain-general MD network. The language network did not show a similarly robust differences in processing speech in the two languages, however, we found increased response to L2 production in the language-specific portion of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). To further explore our results, we have looked at domain-general and language-specific response within the brain structures postulated to form a Bilingual Language Control (BLC) network. Within this network, we found a robust increase in response to L2 in the domain-general, but also in some language-specific voxels including in the left IFG. Our findings show that L2 production strongly engages domain-general mechanisms, but only affects language sensitive portions of the left IFG. These results put constraints on the current model of bilingual language control by precisely disentangling the domain-general and language-specific contributions to the difficulty in speech production in L2.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modulatory effects of happy mood on performance monitoring : insights from error-related brain potentials
Autorzy:
Pourtois, Gilles
Walentowska, Wioleta
Bakic, Jasmina
Paul, Katharina
Dondaine, Thibaut
Opis:
Goal-adaptive behavior requires the rapid detection of conflicts between actions and intentions or goals. Although many studies have focused in the past on the influence of negative affect on this cognitive control process (and more specifically, on error monitoring), little is known about the possible modulatory effects of positive affect on it. To address this question, we used a standard (positive) mood induction procedure (based on guided imagery) and asked participants to carry out a speeded go/no-go task while high-density electroencephalography was recorded concurrently. As a control condition, we used a group with neutral mood. Event-related potential results showed that the error-related negativity (ERN) component, reflecting early error detection within the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, was not influenced by happy mood. In contrast, the subsequent error positivity (Pe) component, related to the appraisal of the motivational significance of errors, was reliably smaller in the happy than in the neutral mood group. Complementing source localization analyses showed that this effect was explained by decreased activation within the posterior cingulate and insular cortices. These results were obtained in the absence of group differences regarding behavioral performance and tonic arousal. These findings suggest that happy mood likely decreases and changes the motivational significance of worse-than-expected events (Pe), while leaving their earlier automatic detection (ERN) unaltered. We discuss these new results in terms of dynamic changes in the complex interplay of performance monitoring with motivation.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Behave yourself! NAS-50 as a reliable tool for assessment of adolescent self-control
Autorzy:
Fryt, Joanna
Smoleń, Tomasz
Czernecka, Karolina
Tematy:
NAS-50
self-control
adolescents
cognitive control
impulsivity
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Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2121544.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Self-control is a complex and multifaceted construct that can be regarded as an individual trait that follows its own developmental trajectory. In the presented study we used NAS-50 for the assessment of self-control in adolescents and young adults. Since the questionnaire has not been used before in underage participants we tested its reliability in adolescent and adult samples. We also investigated possible age and gender differences in self-control abilities as well as relations between NAS-50 and behavioral measures of cognitive control and impulsivity. Although the sample was quite small, the reliability of the questionnaire was similar to the results achieved by its authors. According to the predictions in the literature we did not find relations between NAS-50 and behavioral measures of cognitive control and impulsivity. We also did not observe significant age differences in the assessment of self-control abilities. The theoretical relevance of our results is discussed.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tracking components of bilingual language control in speech production : an fMRI study using functional localizers
Autorzy:
Szewczyk, Jakub
Wodniecka-Chlipalska, Zofia
Szwed, Marcin
Wolna, Agata
Diaz, Michele
Domagalik, Aleksandra
Opis:
When bilingual speakers switch back to speaking in their native language (L1) after having used their second language (L2), they often experience difficulty in retrieving words in their L1: this phenomenon is referred to as the L2 after-effect. We used the L2 after-effect as a lens to explore the neural bases of bilingual language control mechanisms. Our goal was twofold: first, to explore whether bilingual language control draws on domain-general or language-specific mechanisms; second, to investigate the precise mechanism(s) that drive the L2 after-effect. We used a precision fMRI approach based on functional localizers to measure the extent to which the brain activity that reflects the L2 after-effect overlaps with the language network (Fedorenko et al., 2010) and the domain-general Multiple Demand network (Duncan et al., 2010), as well as three task-specific networks that tap into interference resolution, lexical retrieval, and articulation. Forty-two Polish-English bilinguals participated in the study. Our results show that the L2 after-effect reflects increased engagement of domain-general but not language-specific resources. Furthermore, contrary to previously proposed interpretations, we did not find evidence that the effect reflects increased difficulty related to lexical access, articulation, and the resolution of lexical interference. We propose that difficulty of speech production in the picture naming paradigm – manifested as the L2 after-effect – reflects interference at a non-linguistic level of task schemas or a general increase of cognitive control engagement during speech production in L1 after L2.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ignoring stimuli related to self involves not only attention inhibition but also self-control
Autorzy:
Orzechowski, Jarosław
Wujcik, Radosław
Nęcka, Edward
Wójcik, Natalia
Gruszka-Gosiewska, Aleksandra
Nowak, Michał
Opis:
Previous studies have shown that individuals high in the self-control trait are more skilled at avoiding distraction, including higher resistance to affective stimuli. In the current study, we aimed to examine whether self-control moderates working memory performance under the distraction of self-referential stimuli. We assumed that the level of familiarity of a photo of a person presented peripherally as irrelevant stimuli during a goal-directed task, will translate to the level of distractibility. Eighty-six volunteers (10 men) participated in the study. A spatial working memory span task was used as a goal-directed task, while photos of faces varying in their self-reference and attention-capturing propensity were used as distraction. The participants’ task was to focus on the spatial working memory span task while ignoring the distractors. The obtained results show that individuals who are average and high in proactive control (a component of self-control) exhibited higher resistance to the self-reference stimuli presented during the working memory task, thus they were more adept at avoiding distraction than those with low proactive control. Our findings suggest that only certain components of the self-control trait may be at least partially responsible for resistance to self-related distraction.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Methodology of control and supervision of web connected mobile robots with CUDA technology application
Autorzy:
Będkowski, J.
Masłowski, A.
Tematy:
mobile robot
cognitive control and supervision
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Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/384757.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
The main problem of the following paper is control and supervision of web connected mobile robots. Taking up this subject is justified by the need of developing new methods for control, supervision and integration of existing modules (inspection robots, autonomous robots, mobile base station). The methodology consists of: multi robotic system structure, cognitive model of human supervisor structure, system algorithms and cognitive model algorithms. The research problem comprises web connected mobile robots system development structure with exemplification based on inspection-intervention system. The modelling of human supervisor's behaviour is introduced. Furthermore, the structure of a cognitive model of human supervisor with the application of the new NVIDIA CUDA technology for parallel computation is proposed. The results of experiments performed in real, virtual and hybrid environments are discussed. The methodology is verified by exemplification based on a system composed of autonomous mobile robot ATRVJr and robot INSPECTOR.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 116

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