Temat: cognitive distraction

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: A conceptual analysis of cognitive distraction for transit bus drivers
Autorzy:: D'Souza, K. A.
Siegfeldt, D. V.
Hollinshead, A.
Tematy:: accident risk management
driver inattention
driver distraction
physical distraction
mental distraction
driver training
cognitive distraction
multitasking
Behavioral Science; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/407079.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The purpose of this paper is to analyze cognitive distraction data to determine its impact of transit bus drivers' capability. Much of the theory and results applied in this paper are from the work of researchers working on similar projects. In order to understand cognitive distraction and how it can be mitigated, a Cognitive Distraction Model is outlined. The model was analyzed to evaluate the correlation between driver capability, and demographics and driving patterns. A model that provides an understanding about cognitive workload and driver capability could provide better psychological solutions to mitigate the number of accidents due to cognitive distraction and develop relevant driver training programs. Through additional research from the neurological and behavioral sciences, regulators could develop a better understanding of the causal factors and ways to control cognitive distraction.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Distorted reasoning by analogy in schizophrenia
Zaburzone rozumowanie przez analogię w schizofrenii
Autorzy:: Kucwaj, Hanna
Opis:: Cognitive deficits are the core feature of schizophrenia. Impairments refer mainly to working memory and executive functions, which are crucial abilities in analogical reasoning. However, studies on analogical reasoning in schizophrenia are limited. In this study, the four-term analogies were used to compare analogical reasoning in individuals with schizophrenia (SCH) and healthy controls (HC). Raven’s Matrices and the Stroop Test were used to investigate a relation between analogical reasoning and other cognitive abilities. The study showed deficits in analogical reasoning in SCH comparing to HC. Specifically, the effect of distraction was significant for both groups, but it was significantly higher for SCH. Unlike in HC, in SCH the Pearson correlation did not reveal any significant relationship between analogical reasoning and other cognitive measures used in the study. Lack of such correlations for SCH, in comparison to the substantial relationships reported for HC, suggests a substantial disintegration of the structure of cognitive abilities in schizophrenia.
Deficyty poznawcze są podstawowym zaburzeniem w schizofrenii. Dysfunkcje dotyczą przede wszystkim pamięci roboczej i funkcji wykonawczych, które są kluczowymi zdolnościami w rozumowaniu przez analogię. Jednak jak dotąd niewiele publikacji dotyczy rozumowania przez analogię w schizofrenii. W niniejszym badaniu porównano wyniki rozumowania przez analogię osób ze zdiagnozowaną schizofrenią (SCH) i grupy kontrolnej (HC), używając analogii o strukturze A:B::C:D. Ponadto wykorzystano Matryce Ravena oraz Test Stroopa, aby zbadać związek między rozumowaniem przez analogię a innymi zdolnościami poznawczymi. Wyniki badania wskazują na deficyty w rozumowaniu przez analogię u SCH w porównaniu do HC. Efekt dystrakcji okazał się istotny dla obydwu grup, jednak był istotnie statystycznie wyższy dla SCH. W przypadku SCH korelacja Pearsona nie wykazała istotnego związku pomiędzy rozumowaniem przez analogię a pozostałymi miarami w badaniu, natomiast wyniki testów w grupie HC korelują ze sobą. Wskazuje to na znaczną dezintegrację struktury zdolności poznawczych w schizofrenii.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Tytuł:: Susceptibility to distraction during analogical reasoning in schizophrenia
Autorzy:: Kucwaj, Hanna
Chuderski, Adam
Opis:: Proportional analogies between four objects (e.g., a squirrel is to tree as a golden fish is to? aquarium) were examined in 30 schizophrenia patients and 30 healthy controls. Half of the problems included distracting response options: remote semantic associates (fishing rod) and perceptually similar salient distractors (shark). Although both patients and controls performed fairly accurately on the no-distraction analogies, patients’ performance in the presence of distractors was distorted, suggesting deficits in attention and cognitive control affecting complex cognition. Finally, although education, fluid intelligence, and interference resolution strongly predicted distractibility in the control group, in the schizophrenia group susceptibility to distraction was unrelated to these markers of general cognitive ability, implying an idiosyncratic nature of reasoning distortions in schizophrenia.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Tytuł:: Captured by associations : semantic distractibility during analogical reasoning in schizophrenia
Autorzy:: Gajewski, Zdzisław
Kucwaj, Hanna
Chuderski, Adam
Ociepka, Michał
Opis:: Impaired cognitive control, for instance increased distractibility in simple conflict tasks such as Stroop, is considered one of fundamental cognitive deficits in schizophrenia patients. Relatively less is known about patients proneness to distraction in more complex, longer-lasting cognitive tasks. We applied the four-term analogies with and without distraction to 51 schizophrenia patients in order to examine whether they display increased distractibility during analogical reasoning, and to test which kind of distractors (semantic, categorical, or perceptual) elicits their strongest distraction, as compared to 51 matched controls. We found that (a) both groups reasoned by analogy comparably well when distraction was absent; (b) in both groups distraction significantly decreased performance; (c) schizophrenia patients were significantly more distracted than the controls; (d) in both groups the semantic distractors were selected more frequently than the categorical distractors, while the perceptual distractors were virtually ignored; as well as (e) in both groups distractibility in the four-term analogies was unrelated with distractibility in the simple perceptual conflict task, suggesting that these two distraction types tap into different cognitive mechanisms. Importantly, a significantly stronger distractibility in the schizophrenia group could not be explained by their lower intelligence, because the two groups were matched on the fluid reasoning test. We conclude that during complex cognitive processing schizophrenia patients become captured by irrelevant semantic associations. The patients are also less willing to critically evaluate their responses.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Tytuł:: Problematic smartphone use and cognitive failures : an explorative study among free different generations (x, y, z)
Autorzy:: Penna, Maria Pietronilla
Mascia, Maria Lidia
Renati, Roberta
Bonfiglio, Natale Salvatore
Cataudella, Stefania
Tomczyk, Łukasz
Wydawca:: IADIS Press
Opis:: The present study focuses on smartphone overuse and on problematic behaviors related to it, investigating possible differences at the intergenerational level among the variables considered. Through the administration of self-report questionnaires, the perception of smartphone distraction, smartphone problematic use, phubbing, and cognitive failures were surveyed. Two hundred and twenty subjects took part in the research. The participants, aged between 18 and 57, were divided by generation Z, Y and Z, according to Ristiyono, classification (2022). Data analysis was carried out through the application of Spearman's rho was used to analyze correlations between subscales. The Kruskal-Wallis test was invectively used to analyze differences between participants. The results confirm our hypotheses showing positive correlations between perceptions of smartphone distraction, phubbing behavior, smartphone problematic use, and cognitive failures, and a significant difference was found between generations in perceptions of all variables considered. Generation Z (18-26 years) shows the highest scores in almost all subscales examined.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Tytuł:: "Don’t stare at it" : the component-dependent relation between cognitive control and self-control
Autorzy:: Nowak, Michał
Janik, Beata
Wójcik, Natalia
Orzechowski, Jarosław
Gruszka-Gosiewska, Aleksandra
Nęcka, Edward
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Lateral frontopolar theta-band activity supports flexible switching between emotion regulation strategies
Autorzy:: Adamczyk, Agnieszka
Bramson, Bob
van Peer, Jacobien M.
Koch, Saskia B. J.
Wyczesany, Mirosław
Roelofs, Karin
Opis:: Flexible emotion regulation is essential for mental health and well-being. However, neurocognitive mechanisms supporting emotion regulation flexibility remain unclear. Lateral frontal pole (FPl) contributes to flexible behavior by monitoring the efficacy of alternative strategies. This preregistered study examines if FPl also supports flexible use of emotion regulation strategies. It focuses on pre-decision theta-band activity as a potential indicator of this adaptive process. Sixty-three participants performed an emotion regulation strategy-switching task, involving three phases: (1) implementing an instructed (reappraisal or distraction) strategy, (2) deciding whether to ‘maintain’ the current or ‘switch’ to the alternative strategy, and (3) implementing the chosen strategy. Results showed that switching is predicted by the reduced efficacy of an initial emotion regulation strategy (indexed with EMG corrugator activity) and is made in accordance with situational demands (stimulus reappraisal affordances). Critically, switching to an alternative emotion regulation strategy is associated with increased theta-band power in FPl around the time of the decision. These findings support the previously established role of FPl theta-band activity in monitoring counterfactual efficacy of alternative strategies. Crucially, they extend this notion to cognitive emotion regulation, thereby offering promising neural targets for stimulation-based therapies aimed at enhancing emotion regulation flexibility in affective psychopathologies.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Smartphone distraction : Italian validation of the Smartphone Distraction Scale (SDS)
Autorzy:: Agus, Mirian
Penna, Maria
Mascia, Maria Lidia
Bonfiglio, Natale
Tomczyk, Łukasz
Bellini, Diego
Opis:: This work aimed to validate the use of the Smartphone Distraction Scale (SDS) in Italy. The SDS was devised to assess distraction related to smartphone use in adult populations. A cross-sectional study was conducted among n = 609 adults (females = 76.4%; mean age = 30.26; SD age = 9.90). An assessment of the factorial structure of the Italian version was carried out using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The four factors identified by Throuvala and colleagues were confirmed (i.e., attention impulsiveness, online vigilance, multitasking and emotion regulation). Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.703–0.889). The scale’s scores showed significant linear correlations with validated instruments, including the Mobile Phone Problematic Use Scale (MPPUS)and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ). A multivariate analysis of variance showed significant differences in the means among participants belonging to different age groups (born before 1995 vs. born after 1996). In summary, the good psychometric properties observed led us to assume that this instrument can be applied and used in Italian studies to assess the cognitive dimension of distraction related to the use of smartphones.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: A pilot experiment on mechanisms of cognitive radio ad avoidance among college students.
Pilotażowe badanie kognitywnych mechanizmów unikania reklamy radiowej u studentów
Autorzy:: Trzepla, Szymon
Opis:: Advertising is subject to a lot of research, but little attention is paid to radio advertising. The work presents results of a pilot study based on the paper of Chattopadhyay and his collaborators from 2003. The subject of the experiment was the effect of voice modulation on the recall of the ad and the opinion about the product. The experiment showed some positive effects of acceleration of a speaker's voice, and also revealed how important it is to conduct advertising research in conditions close to the natural. The presentation of the advertisement under such circumstances has shown a considerable scale of the phenomenon known as "cognitive avoidance", manifesting itself as a lack of ability to report the content of the advertisement and even its presence. Due to a small amount of literature devoted to it, the phenomenon was referred to better described terms such as "the cognitive overload" and "the banner blindness". This opens up a new field of research into radio advertising.
Reklamy są przedmiotem wielu badań, jednak niewiele uwagi poświęcono reklamie radiowej. Praca prezentuje wyniki badania pilotażowego oparte o opracowanie Chattopadhyaya oraz współpracowników z 2003 roku. Przedmiotem eksperymentu był wpływ modulacji głosu lektora na zapamiętanie reklamy i opinię o produkcie. Eksperyment pokazał pozytywne skutki przyspieszenia głosu lektora, a także jak istotne jest dokonywanie badań reklamy w warunkach maksymalnie zbliżonych do naturalnych. Prezentacja reklamy w takich właśnie okolicznościach ukazała znaczną skalę zjawiska zwanego „kognitywnym unikaniem”, objawiającym się brakiem możliwości zaraportowania treści reklamy, a nawet jej obecności. Z racji niewielkiej ilości literatury poświęconej temu zagadnieniu, zjawisko zostało odniesione do: „przeładowania kognitywnego”, czy „ślepoty na internetową reklamę banerową”. Otwiera to nowe pole badań dotyczące reklamy radiowej.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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