Temat: comparative advantage

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: HOW SOPHISTICATED ARE POLAND’S AND TURKEY’S EXPORTS?
Autorzy:: Emirhan, Pınar Narin
Tematy:: Export Sophistication
Revealed Comparative Advantage
Export Similarity; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/450500.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: This paper is an attempt to use the sophistication index developed by Lall et al. (2006) to analyze the export structures of Turkey and Poland. Export sophistication index is calculated to determine the sophistication levels of each industry at the 3 digit ISIC system. These index values are then used to compare export sophistications of Poland and Turkey. The findings indicate that export structures of the two countries were similar with regard to their sophistication levels in 1985, Poland’s position improved and Turkey’s position declined in the last two decades. Today Poland is exporting relatively more sophisticated manufactured products than Turkey.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: EXPORT SPECIALIZATION IN SERVICES OF THE VISEGRAD COUNTRIES
Autorzy:: Stefaniak-Kopoboru, Joanna
Kuczewska, Joanna
Tematy:: international trade
services
specialization
comparative advantage
Visegrad countries; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517313.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The importance of services and the international trade in services is growing systematically. There are some reasons for that, especially the rapid development of IT technologies. This increase in the international trade in services is a global phenomenon, however there are some other specific issues, other than economic or technological, which might influence the trade in services in particular countries. As for the countries of the Central and Eastern Europe such a factor could be the accession to the European Union (EU). The objective of the paper is to analyse the export specialization of the Visegrad countries in the international trade in services and how it changed over seven years after the EU accession. The service sector comprises of a variety of highly heterogeneous economic activities and the diversity of services is also reflected in the international trade of particular countries. Generally, the trade theories deal with trade of goods, but there are some attempts already to apply these theories for services. To find out the export specialization based on the comparative advantage in particular services, the main categories of services are analysed based on the adjusted RCA index assumptions. The analysis prepared in the paper is based on the balance of payment statistics provided by the WTO. The article is concluded by discussing the questions about the export specialization of particular countries and how it changed after the accession to the EU.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: The Competitive Position of Poland in Bio-Based Products Trade on the European Union Market
Autorzy:: Jarosz-Angowska, Aneta
Nowak, Anna
Krukowski, Artur
Tematy:: bio-products
competitiveness indices
trade
bioeconomy, comparative advantage; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2168360.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Theoretical background: The strategies for the development of the European Union presented at the beginning of the new century portrayed bioeconomy as a modern concept of ensuring the sustainable and dynamic development of EU member states and bioeconomy itself became an important area of interest to the EU authorities. At present, the development of bioeconomy is a significant element of implementing the economic development strategies of respective EU member states.Purpose of the article: This article aimed to examine the international competitive position of Poland in the bio-based products trade on the common EU market in comparison to other member states of the EU.Research methods: The competitive position in bio-based products trade was evaluated based on the following indicators: balance of trade, Poland’s share in EU exports and imports, trade coverage ratio, import penetration ratio, relative export orientation ratio, intra-industry trade intensity ratio, and export specialisation index. Groups of bio-based products identified based on an official classification of products according to CPA, version 2.1, consistent with NACE. The analysis was based on data derived from the Eurostat database for the years 2008–2017.Main findings: The surveys imply that in 2008–2017, the competitive position of Poland improved mostly in the Forestry, Wood products, Paper and paper products, and Food sector, and in particular in the Tobacco products sector, which has been in line with the bioeconomy development strategy of the European Union.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Forecasting Russian Foreign Trade Comparative Advantages in the Context of a Potential WTO Accession
Autorzy:: Savin, Ivan
Winker, Peter
Tematy:: comparative advantage
economy in transition
Balassa index
Lafay index; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/483275.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: For the private and public sector in any particular country it is crucial to know, which industries may exhibit comparative advantages, that for some reasons are not realized. This can efficiently help all current and potential actors to improve their economic strategy both at the micro- and macroeconomic level. In this paper we propose an approach of forecasting comparative advantages dynamics in foreign trade. The instrument is based on relative price differences and is efficient for countries in the process of economic liberalization. An empirical analysis based on the example of Central and East European countries confirms a good performance in the sense of predictive power of this instrument. On the example of Russia, experiencing a period of economic liberalization and with the prospect to join the WTO agreements, we demonstrate which sectors are most likely to contain comparative advantages in the near future.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Innovation distance of Polish regions in relation to European models
Autorzy:: Szajt, Marek
Tematy:: high technology
innovation level
region
relative technological comparative advantage; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1016029.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: This article deals with the subject of the level of innovative development that is characteristic of Polish regions in comparison with other nations of the European Union. Among the main measures of innovation, the following factors were taken into account: patent activity, employment in the R&D sector, expenditure on R&D, and human resources for science and technology. Based on numerous studies indicating that this is an issue, an attempt has been made to measure the innovation gap in spatial and dynamic terms using a number of statistical tools. The innovation gap index, the innovation level change index and the patent advantage indicator were used as measures. Each of these methods takes into account certain measures of innovation (and their different approaches), which allows the problem to be comprehensively studied. Statistical data from the Eurostat, OECD and EPO databases for 2009–2017, which are related to the availability of data presented in regional innovation rankings, were used in the study. The results clearly show a disproportion in the development of Polish regions in relation to their European counterparts, but also in the direction of change over recent years. There are in addition symptoms of positive changes illustrated by detailed assessments of the indicators examined for selected Polish regions.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Status of cattle and beef external trade of Poland and Hungary outside the European Union between 2002 and 2015
Stan polskiego i węgierskiego handlu zagranicznego bydłem i wołowiną poza Unię Europejską w latach 2002 i 2015
Autorzy:: Meszaros, K.
Lencses, E.
Tematy:: cattle
beef
trade
export
European Union
comparative advantage
comparative disadvantage; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: The Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/864561.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Both Hungary and Poland are net exporter in cattle and beef trade. Because of the large Polish and Hungarian supply these countries cannot sell all products on domestic and EU single markets. Cattle and beef production of both countries have to be sold on non-EU markets. These markets have a special attribute because import of cattle and beef to EU is regulated but the export to these countries is not under European limitation. This special attribute results in the fact that there are less available scientific indexes to use studying the international trade. In this paper we aimed to examine the comparative advantages of Hungarian and Polish cattle and beef export to non-EU markets between 2002 and 2015. Out analysis based primary on Balassa index (RCA) which is compared with the share of product export of the reference countries in their entire export. Secondary, the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) was used as a correction of RCA (makes the RCA symmetrical). Primary we established that both studied countries have the same non-EU target markets with the highest importance of Turkey and Russia. During the examined period several changes were resulted, for example the decrease of Turkish market and the Russian embargo. These changes had an effect on comparative advantages.
Celem artykułu jest określenie przewag komparatywnych dla eksportu bydła i mięsa wołowego z Polski i Węgier poza jednolity rynek Unii Europejskiej w latach 2002-2015. Analizę oparto na wskaźniku Balassa (RCA ) porównywanym z eksportem krajów odniesienia w całości eksportu. Obliczono także symetryczne przewagi komparatywne (RSCA ). W wyniku analiz stwierdzono, że oba kraje mają takie same rynki docelowe spoza UE . Największe znaczenia miały Turcja i Rosja. W badanym okresie wystąpiło kilka zmian, np. spadek eksportu do Turcji oraz wprowadzone embarga, miały one wpływ na powstanie przewag komparatywnych.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Polska w obliczu nowej polityki klimatyczno-energetycznej świata
Autorzy:: Sobański, Jacek
Tematy:: comparative advantage
geoeconomics
stock-source model
climate change
COP 19; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032718.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Poland is not well prepared for forthcoming changes in global economy model. Polish economy tied to old stock-source model will lose competition advantages in coming decades if government will not react properly. Suitable area for acting is already being shaped – new climate-energy policy which is constructed by world elites druring UN Conferences of Parties (COPs). Future changes are mainly: redirecting economy form stock-source model to flow-source model and final revision of free trade ideology along international relations within trade and goods exchanges. One of the most important issues considered during global talks are: intergenerational justice of growth and pending increase of demographical, ecological and resoruce pressures. Author of article claims that polish government does not have any ideas to cope with problems which are direct consequences of changing global mosaic.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Competitiveness of the forest products industry in Turkey: the revealed comparative advantage index
Autorzy:: Akyüz, Kadri Cemil
Yildirim, İbrahim
Ersen, Nadir
Akyüz, İlker
Memiş, Doğan
Tematy:: wood
articles of wood
wood charcoals
comparative advantage
trade balance; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/342803.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: This study, aimed to determine the competitive position of the forest products industry in Turkey between 2001 and 2017 using the revealed comparative advantage approach. One of the three product sectors of the forest products industry (wood and articles of wood, wood charcoal;sector 21) was examined at the level of product subgroups. This sector was found to be far from the desired position in terms of competition. When the sector was analysed by sub-group, especially the product subgroups 4411, 4413 and 4415 had a competitive position. Moreover, it was found that the trend in Turkey's imports of wood and wooden articles was not high. However, imports under specified product groups were above the general level of imports in Turkey.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: The position of China in trade in services within the European Union
Autorzy:: Ambroziak, Adam A.
Stefaniak, Joanna
Tematy:: trade in services
China
European Union
comparative advantage
trade position; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19322536.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Research background: In recent decades, services in international trade have been growing steadily in importance, and there has been strong growth in China's trade in services as a result of the 'opening up' policy. China has become the European Union's second biggest trading partner in services with the European Union (EU), being China's largest trading partner. The EU is one of the addressees of the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative, which creates opportunities and threads to the European Internal Market in services. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to contribute to the literature and fulfil the research gap on the position of China in intra-EU trade in services. Methods: We identified the most important types of services offered by China to purchasers from the EU countries. By using the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) and trade balance (LFI) indices, we classified the Chinese exports to the EU Internal Market by types of services and by their trade position. Findings & value added: We found out that China might be perceived as a strong competitor for intra-EU trade in selected services, especially those concerning low-end service tasks, that use relatively low-skilled labour and are less knowledge- and capital-intensive. However, China's attitude is changing towards more sophisticated services for example R&D. It creates a need for a new approach to the EU economic policies (in terms of both protectionism and interventionism) in trade relations in services with China.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Comparative Advantage of Yarn and Weaving Industries: Evidence for Türkiye and Top Exporters
Autorzy:: Kantur, Çiğdem
Türkekul, Berna
Tematy:: comparative advantage
convergence
market share
product mapping
rank correlation; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Biopolimerów i Włókien Chemicznych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24200928.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: With the repeal of the MFA agreement, the competitive conditions in yarn and weaving industries have changed. Especially, with the cheap labour of Asian and Far Eastern countries, they have become advantageous in this unrestricted competition environment. Therefore, this study was conducted to help to identify those products where Türkiye and her competitors have comparative advantages. This study mainly focuses on analysing the complementarity and substitutability of selected countries such as Türkiye, India, China and the USA. RTA, RC, RSCA and trade specialisation (TSI) indices were used to evaluate the competitive advantage. The results showed that Türkiye’s competitiveness in cotton yarn and cotton weaving has deteriorated. However, India and China, which are the major countries in the world’s cotton production, have a positive impact on their long-term competitiveness. Moreover, for these countries there is convergence in cotton yarn and divergence in cotton fabric products.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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