Temat: compensatory liability

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Compensatory liability for illegal action of public authorities on the ground of Polish Constitution and the Civil Code
Odpowiedzialność odszkodowawcza za niezgodne z prawem zachowanie organów władzy publicznej na gruncie Konstytucji RP i Kodeksu cywilnego
Autorzy:: Witkowski, Łukasz
Opis:: Author analyses conditions of State Treasury compensatory liability for acts of public authorities undertaken against the law during executing the public authority on the ground of article 417 of the Civil Code and article 77 section 1 Polish Constitution. The bachelor's thesis was divided in two parts. In first one is shown the historical development of institution of compensatory liability od Polish State for damages caused its null and void action. The second part was dedicated to analyses conditions of compensatory liability on the ground of binding provisions, explaining in detail the theme of damage and its size, cause-and-effect relationship, lawless, and the theme of executing the public authority, range and level of compensatory duty and the manner of redress the damage.
Autor analizuje przesłanki odpowiedzialności odszkodowawczej Skarbu Państwa za niezgodne z prawem zachowanie przy wykonywaniu władzy publicznej na podstawie art. 417 k.c. oraz art. 77 ust. 1 Konstytucji RP. Praca licencjacka została podzielona na dwie części. W pierwszej z nich przedstawiono historyczny rozwój instytucji odpowiedzialności Państwa Polskiego za szkody wywołane swoim bezprawnym zachowaniem. Druga część poświęcona jest analizie przesłanek odpowiedzialności odszkodowawczej na gruncie obowiązujących przepisów, szczegółowo wyjaśniając pojęcie szkody i jej rozmiaru, związku przyczynowego, bezprawności, a także pojęcie wykonywania władzy publicznej, zakresu i wysokości obowiązku odszkodowawczego oraz sposobów naprawienia szkody.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: On the Issue of Compensatory Liability of Circuit Electoral Commission Members Acting as Public Officials
Autorzy:: Zych, Radosław
Tematy:: public official
circuit electoral commissions
compensatory liability
judicial decisions
public authority; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Stowarzyszenie Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/55991766.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The purpose of this paper is to answer the question whether the following can incur civil liability for damage caused by an unlawful act or omission committed by members of circuit electoral commissions: Is it the State Treasury or a local government unit or another legal person exercising public authority under the law? In my opinion it is necessary to verify the hypothesis whether the activity of members of circuit electoral commissions constitutes exercise of public authority. Moreover: Is the manner of appointing their members, their qualifications and competences important for qualifying them in this category? This paper examines the case law of the Supreme Court and common courts of various instances, starting from 2013. This date is justified by the expiry of the relevant deadline since the entry into force of the Electoral Code, which would make it possible to identify matters that are subject to my considerations. I believe the activities of circuit electoral commissions can be said to have a special character because the credibility of the voting process and the determination of its results depend on their work.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: The Condition of Fault in Private Enforcement of Competition Law – a Comparative Analysis of U.S. v. Polish and European Approach
Autorzy:: Mackiewicz, Marta
Tematy:: anonymous fault
compensatory liability
corporate fault
infringement
of competition law
intent
interchange fees
negligence
private enforcement; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158943.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The purpose of the Polish Act on Claims for Damages for Remedying the Damage Caused by Infringements of Competition Law, based on and implementing EU law – the Damages Directive, was to enable undertakings to effectively use private enforcement of their damages claims from competition law offenders. Infringement of competition law is classified as a tort according to the said Act on Claims. Therefore, the Act on Claims refers to tort liability rules. The conditions of classic tort liability in domestic law do not have exactly the same dogmatic meaning and scope as the conditions of public or private liability for the infringements of domestic and EU competition law. In practice, their application by national courts may rise many questions regarding conformity between domestic and EU law. This paper aims to analyse one of the key conditions of tort liability, that is, the fault of both the undertaking – the offenders, as well as the fault of their governing bodies and officers. If one were to understand the notion of fault within the limits laid down by civil law, and follow the literal wording of the Polish Civil Code’s provisions referring to the fault condition, the efficiency of private enforcement of damage claims arising from infringements of competition law would be doubtful. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide the readers with such an interpretation of the notion of fault, as a condition of liability of undertakings, that the legislative purpose of the Act on Claims is achieved and that the principles of efficiency and equivalence of the EU law are observed. In order to present a comprehensive picture, this paper will also discuss the case law of the CJEU concerning ‘anti-trust fault’, accompanied by a comparative analysis of the German and French approach to the fault condition as well as United States antitrust laws in the same area.
L’objectif de la loi polonaise sur les actions en dommages et intérêts pour les infractions au droit de la concurrence, qui se base sur le droit de l’UE et le transpose était de permettre aux entreprises d’utiliser efficacement l’exécution privée de leurs demandes de dommages et intérêts auprès des auteurs d’infractions au droit de la concurrence. La violation du droit de la concurrence est qualifiée comme un délit civil selon la loi sur les demandes d’indemnisation. Par conséquent, la loi sur les demandes d’indemnisation renvoie aux règles de responsabilité délictuelle. Les conditions de la responsabilité délictuelle classique en droit national n’ont pas exactement la même signification et portée dogmatique que les conditions de la responsabilité publique ou privée pour les infractions au droit national et européen de la concurrence. Dans la pratique, leur application par les tribunaux nationaux peut soulever de nombreuses questions concernant la conformité entre le droit national et le droit de l’UE. Le présent document vise à analyser l’une des principales conditions de la responsabilité délictuelle, à savoir la faute de l’entreprise ainsi que la faute de ses organes et dirigeants. Si on voulait comprendre la notion de faute dans les limites fixées par le droit civil, et suivre la formulation littérale des dispositions du code civil polonais relatives à la condition de faute, l’efficacité de l’exécution privée des demandes de dommages et intérêts résultant d’infractions au droit de la concurrence serait incertaine. Par conséquent, le présent article vise à fournir aux lecteurs une interprétation de la notion de faute, en tant que condition de la responsabilité des entreprises, qui permette d’atteindre l’objectif législatif de la loi sur les demandes d’indemnisation et de respecter les principes d’efficacité et d’équivalence du droit de l’UE. Afin de présenter un cadre complet, cet article examine également la jurisprudence de la CJUE concernant la “faute antitrust”, accompagnée d’une analyse comparative des approches allemande et française de la condition de faute ainsi que des lois antitrust américaines dans le même domaine.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Odpowiedzialność za podwładnego w najnowszym orzecznictwie Sądu Najwyższego
Liability for a Subordinate in the Most Recent Jurisprudence of the Supreme Court
Autorzy:: Kaliński, Maciej
Tematy:: odpowiedzialność odszkodowawcza za podwładnego
pedofilia
związek przyczynowy
compensatory liability for a subordinate
pedophilia
causation; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Fundacja Utriusque Iuris
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59576584.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The author discusses the problem of interpreting the “while performing” notion used in article 430 of the Civil Code – on the basis of the Supreme Court sentence of 2020. He criticizes the view, according to which, in order to impose liability on a supervisor, it is enough to have an adequate causal link between the act of entrustment and infringement of the aggrieved party’s goods. Its application would almost always mean imposing a quasi-guarantee liability on the supervisor. On the other hand, he defends the subordinate’s actions taken in order to perform the entrusted activity as the assessment criterion. The supervisor is liable to the extent to which he or she entrusts the performance of an activity to a person who: 1/ is subject to his or her management and 2/ is obliged to follow his/her instructions. It follows that article 430 of the Civil Code defines the notion of subordination in a stringent way. It corresponds with the position reflected in the earlier judicial decisions, which requires inter alia that the subordinate acts in general within the framework of the activities entrusted to him or her. This issue gains particular significance when a subordinate remains in a relationship of sub-ordination with several supervisors, and the areas of entrustment are disparate. It is then necessary to indicate which area of entrustment is the subordinate’s breach of conduct connected with.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Liability in Polish law for infringement of the pre-contractual obligation to inform
Autorzy:: Dziedzic, Magdalena
Tematy:: pre-contractual liability
compensatory liability
obligation to inform
pre-contractual obligation to inform
damages
trust
infringement of pre-contractual obligation to inform; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788283.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: In contemporary contract and consumer law, obligations to inform are an example of instruments (protective ones) which imposes on business entities a duty to make a statement of knowledge (a representation), the content of which is determined by regulations and the purpose of which is to aid the consumer in taking a well-informed, rational decision. Appropriate regulations referring to liability for failing to carry out this obligation to inform aim to maintain optimal trust between the contracting parties and, as a result, lead to a balance in the parties’ position, at the same time upholding the principle of the freedom of contract. In accordance with the fundamental assumption in European consumer law, one’s liability towards a consumer should meet the criteria of both efficiency and proportionality, which means that one should not strictly consider such liability purely formally, i.e., as maintaining an economic balance between the parties. The sanction the company shall incur is to serve the actual satisfaction of the interests of the consumer, and not only to make a profit. Additionally, the sanctions for neglecting the obligation to inform are expected to encourage companies to comply with them. Neglecting this obligation to inform in the pre-contractual phase may take the form of not providing information which is required and explicitly defined by law or providing incomplete information. A large amount of detail in determining a business’s responsibility is presumedto guarantee the consumer knowledge of his/her rights and to enable him/her to evaluate the risks resulting from entering into a particular transaction. One must not, however, ignore the fact that providing excessive, thus illegible, information must be treated equally to non-disclosure of such information, which may result in infringement of the aforementioned regulations. Neglecting the obligation to inform may also arise in such a case where the consumer is not provided with a particular piece of information, despite the lack of a definite legal basis in this regard – such as a detailed regulation contained in an act – but such a duty would result from a general loyalty duty between the contracting parties. In the beginning, it should be noted that the liability for an infringement of the pre-contractual obligation to inform is characterised by system heterogeneity. In particular, it refers to the distinct consumer protection regime. It is very often the case that depending on the contractor’s status (professional or nonprofessional) the legal consequences of failing to inform or improperly informing are framed in different ways. One must bear in mind the difference between solely the failure to inform or to improperly carry out the pre-contractual obligation to inform (pursued within pre-contractual liability, fundamentally according to an ex delicto regime) and the consequences arising from the content of the delivered information, i.e., the guarantee of definite elements in the legal relationship of an obligatory nature (assigned to the classic liability in an ex contractu regime). The subject of civil liability for the infringement of duties to inform can be analysed from two perspectives: firstly, from an economic point of view, i.e., whether for the aggrieved party and for the market at large it would be more favourable for the infringement of the duty to inform to be pursued within an ex contractu or ex delicto regime, and secondly, from the perspective of the theory of law, whether for the system of contract law it would be better for this liability to be pursued within an ex contractu or ex delicto regime. In response to the second question, the position of academics is that the liability for the violation of trust due to failing to properly inform the consumer should be pursued in an ex delicto system in order to maintain the internal cohesion of contract law.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Nawiązka orzekana na podstawie art. 46 § 2 Kodeksu karnego w świetle Ustawy z dnia 20 lutego 2015 r. o zmianie ustawy Kodeks karny oraz niektórych innych ustaw. Zagadnienia wybrane
The punitive damage predicated pursuant to Art. 46 § 2 of the Criminal Code in the light of the Act of 20 February 2015 amending the Criminal Code Act and some other acts. Selected issues
Autorzy:: Filek, Bartłomiej
Tematy:: punitive damage
compensatory measure
liability for damages or compensation for suffered harm
the victim; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Opolski
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/697538.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The issue of the publication is the problematic aspect of compensatory measure of the punitive damage that is predicated pursuant to Art. 46 § 2 of the Criminal Code in the light of the Act of 20 February 2015 amending the Criminal Code Act and some other acts. In the publication the author has analyzed the issue of the scope of meaning of the various conditions necessary to predicate punitive damage pursuant to Art. 46 § 2 of the Criminal Code. Furthermore, the issue of the article is the problematic aspect of how to determine the amount of punitive damage, in particular the aspect of the application of this compensatory measure while judicial decision about the size of penalty set out in Art. 53, Art. 54 § 1 and Art. 55 of the Criminal Code. At the same time the author has analyzed the relationship that occurs between the punitive damage and liability for damages or compensation for suffered harm. Additionally, in publications, apart from the comments de lege lata, de legeferenda proposals were also presented within the scope of the subject of the analyzed problems.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Rozważania na temat represyjnych i prewencyjnych elementów odpowiedzialności odszkodowawczej na przykładzie instytucji odszkodowania karnego (punitive damages) w świetle orzeczenia Sądu Najwyższego oraz Trybunału Konstytucyjnego
Deliberations on the punitive and preventive elements of the liability for damages in light of the rulings of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Tribunal
Autorzy:: Kochanowski, Maciej
Tematy:: the law of obligations
liability for damages
punitive damages
the compensatory function of damages; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/927080.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The verdict of the Supreme Court of 11 October 2013 (fi le I CSK 697/12) and the decision of the Constitutional Tribunal of 25 June 2015 (fi le SK 32/14) are discussed and their signifi cance for the understanding of punitive damages analysed. The main problem discussed in this paper is the question whether there is room under Polish law for punitive damages modelled a common law system and whether the adoption of this solution could possibly infl uence the basic premises constituting the liability for damages already adopted. The main focus has been put on the argumentation of the Supreme Court presented in its verdict regarding the possibility of enforcing by Polish courts a judgment in which a foreign court awarded punitive damages, and the arguments of the Constitutional Tribunal regarding the constitutionality of a legal provision establishing a possibility of fl at-rate damages, being awarded and increased in the event of the determination of guilt by the breaching party. Certain detailed provisions that are contradictory from the point of view of the fundamental assumptions underlying the liability for damages in Polish law and the laws of most European legal systems (and the German system in particular) are also examined. Further, a synthetic analysis of the positive and negative aspects of punitive damages identifi ed by other researchers is presented. This is followed by a mention of other institutions available under Polish law which may constitute an alternative to punitive damages, at least when it comes to the provision of an adequate preventive and punitive measure in the event of gross or culpable damage.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Prawnopracownicze skutki o charakterze niekompensacyjnym popełnienia czynu zabronionego
The non-compensatory legal and labour effects of committing a prohibited act
Autorzy:: Pogan, Łukasz
Opis:: Niniejsze opracowanie stanowi próbę omówienia zagadnień związanych z odpowiedzialnością pracowniczą za czyn zabroniony w rozumieniu karnistycznym. Praca ta ma na celu odpowiedzieć na pytanie o charakter sankcji i innych środków niekompensacyjnych przewidzianych na gruncie prawa pracy za popełnienie przez pracownika czynu zabronionego oraz ustalenie czy są one adekwatne w danej sytuacji. Tezą niniejszej pracy jest represyjny charakter niekompensacyjnej odpowiedzialności pracowniczej za czyn zabroniony. Dalsze rozważania ogólnoteoretyczne i analiza dogmatyczna poszczególnych instytucji wspomnianej wyżej odpowiedzialności będą służyć weryfikacji te tezy. W pierwszej części wyjaśnione zostało pojęcie odpowiedzialności pracowniczej, zaprezentowany został jej klasyczny podział oraz wnioski de lege ferenda co do niego. Następnie dokonana została analiza wartości leżących u podstaw statuowania instytucji realizujących odpowiedzialność za czyn zabroniony, popełniony przez pracownika w sferze prawa pracy. W dalszej części niniejszej pracy scharakteryzowane zostały najważniejsze środki reakcji na czyn zabroniony na gruncie prawa pracy.
The aim of this thesis is to conduct an in-depth analysis the non-compensatory legal and labour effects of committing a prohibited act. In the first part, the concept of employee responsibility was explained, and its classic division was presented. Next, an analysis was made of the values underlying the statuses of institutions implementing liability for a prohibited act committed by an employee in the sphere of labor law. In the further part of this work, the most important means of reaction to an offense under labor law were characterized.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Orzeczenie o obowiązku naprawienia szkody przez członka zarządu spółki w procesie karnym. Glosa do wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 26 stycznia 2016 r., V KK 323/15 (krytyczna)
Judgment on the obligation of a member of the company’s management board to repair damage in a criminal trial. Gloss to the judgment of the Polish Supreme Court of January 26, 2016, case file no. V KK 323/15
Autorzy:: Matejko, Witold
Tematy:: klauzula antykumulacyjna
naprawienie szkody
środek kompensacyjny
odpowiedzialność członka zarządu spółki z o.o.
anti-accumulation clause
reparation of damage
compensatory measure
liability of a member of the management board of a limited liability company; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/61043192.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The commented judgment is part of the line of jurisprudence advocating the thesis that, on the grounds of the so-called anti-accumulation clause of Article 415 § 1 of the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure, it is inadmissible to impose on a convicted member of the management board of a limited liability company an obligation to repair damage in favour of a wronged creditor of that company if the creditor has previously obtained an enforcement title against the company. In the author’s opinion, such an interpretation is not correct. The assumption that there is a subjective identity between a limited liability company and a member of its management board is, in the author’s opinion, contrary to the fundamental norms of civil law and commercial companies law. Contrary to the theses of the Polish Supreme Court outlined in the justification of the ruling, a creditor has no legal grounds to pursue, based on an enforceable title issued against the company, a claim against a member of the management board at the enforcement stage.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Bezprawność jako podstawa odpowiedzialności cywilnej za szkody w sporcie
Unlawfulness as a basis for a civil liability for sport injuries
Autorzy:: Ginszt, Jakub
Tematy:: tort, wrongful act
sport
unlawfulness
guilt
justifi cation
loss
damage
harm
injury
damages
sportsperson
coach
sports club
instructor
consent
risk
civil law
sports
rules
tort liability
compensatory damages; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Europejskie Stowarzyszenie Studentów Prawa ELSA Poland
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/478529.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: This article covers the topic of the grounds for civil liability in the case of injuries suffered while doing sports. This issue is very important, as injuries constitute an inherent element of physical activity. The focus of the article is on a tort liability. It is pointed out that the act has to be fi rst recognised as unlawful to be considered a tort. That is why the article tries to answer the question, which behaviours should be considered illegal. This is infl uenced by such issues as: the breach of sports rules, the consent of an injured person, and the situation where such person acts at his/ her own risk.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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