Temat: composting - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Change of physical properties of biodegradable waste during decomposition
Autorzy:: Stejskal, B.
Tematy:: physical property
property change
biodegradable waste
waste
decomposition
composting
home composting
biodegradable waste composting; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/61136.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The article mentions results from changes of physical properties of composted material during the composting process. Composting conditions in compost pile were simulated in five vessels with volume of 90 m3 under home conditions. Composted material was variously modified (mixing and turning, moistening, adding fresh material) during the composting process. Temperature and oxygen concentration inside vessels were measured, as well as reduction in volume of compost material during time, pH and electric conductivity of selected compost. It appeared that the temperature of the compost material in small volume in the compost pile was lower than the requirement for hygienization of the composted material. The temperature higher than 50°C was measured only sporadically and already during the first week of the experiment temperatures inside the vessels corresponded with outside temperatures. Oxygen concentration in all vessels was sufficient to ensure the aerobic process during the entire period of the experiment. The lowest measured oxygen concentration was higher than 10 %. These low values were measured only during the first week of the experiment, during the following weeks the oxygen concentrations exceeded 15% only with small exceptions. Reduction in volume of the composted material highly depended on whether the compost material was mixed and turned during the course of the composting process. Mixed and turned composted material was reducing its volume significantly, quicker than the composted material not being mixed and turned. The effect of moistening on the composted material was not proved. Measured pH values and electric conductivity (EC) values of the compost material from selected vessel K2 (composted material being mixed and turned, moistened, fresh compost material was not added) showed values fully corresponding with a quality well-matured compost. The average pH value was 7.76 with a standard deviation of 0.04 and the average EC value was 1.79 mS.cm-1 with a standard deviation of 0.27.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Composting in Bags
Kompostowanie w workach polietylenowych
Autorzy:: Mudrunka, Jaroslav
Lyckova, Barbora
Kucerova, Radmila
Glogarova, Veronika
Takac, David
Ossova, Klara
Tematy:: odpady
odpady biodegradowalne
kompostowanie w workach
metody kompostowania
proces kompostowania
waste
biodegradable waste
composting in bags
composting methods
composting process; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/318830.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: A progressive method of processing biodegradable waste is its composting in bags which is considered a very advantageous technology from the financial and operational point of view (Diaz, 2007). This composting method is relatively new, it was developed in Germany in the early 1970’s, and consequently it spread into other countries as well. Currently, attempts to apply composting in bags in the Czech Republic are being recorded too. (eurobagging.com, 2011).
Innowacyjną metodą przetwarzania odpadów biodegradowalnych jest ich kompostowanie w workach, co jest uważane za bardzo korzystną technologię z finansowego i operacyjnego punktu widzenia (Diaz, 2007). Ta metoda kompostowania jest stosunkowo nowa, została opracowana w Niemczech na początku lat siedemdziesiątych, w związku z czym rozprzestrzeniła się również na inne kraje. Obecnie rejestrowane są również próby zastosowania kompostowania w workach w Czechach. (eurobagging.com, 2011).
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Control of heat collection and airing process during composting with compactrio controller
Sterowanie procesem odbioru ciepła i napowietrzania w procesie kompostowania przy pomocy sterownika compactrio
Autorzy:: Neugebauer, M.
Sołowiej, P.
Tematy:: composting
composting process
control
fuzzy logic
heat collection
kompostowanie
sterowanie
logika rozmyta
odbiór ciepła; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Rolniczej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/93541.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Composting of biological waste constitutes an exothermic process. Some heat generated during composting is required to maintain the process and possible batch disinfection. The compost heap temperature increases often during the process up to 80ºC. According to the literature, the most advantageous composting temperature of the thermophilic phase is the temperature of 55ºC. However, excessive heat collection may be used at another location. Yet temperature inside the composting material shall not decrease below 50ºC as it may cause slowing down or even inhibition of the composting process. During composting, air supply (oxygen) is crucial to ensure optimum conditions for microorganism growth. Therefore the proper control of heat collection and airing process is required. The paper presents the fuzzy logic and LabView language based application that ensures control of the composting process. Conducted tests of the workstation and application confirmed heat collection of 101 MJ and pumping 0.68 m3 of water.
Proces kompostowania odpadów biologicznych jest procesem egzotermicznym. Część powstającego w procesie kompostowania ciepła jest potrzebna dla podtrzymania samego procesu i ewentualnej higienizacji wsadu. W pryzmie kompostu w czasie procesu temperatura wzrasta często do 80ºC. Według literatury najkorzystniejszą temperaturą kompostowania w fazie termofilnej jest temperatura 55ºC. Nadmiar ciepła może być jednak odebrany z kompostu i wykorzystany w innym miejscu. Nie należy jednak dopuścić do tego, aby temperatura wewnątrz kompostowanego materiału spadła poniżej 50ºC ponieważ może to spowodować zwolnienie lub nawet wstrzymanie przebiegu procesu kompostowania. W trakcie kompostowania trzeba dostarczać powietrze (tlen), aby zapewnić mikroorganizmom optymalne warunki rozwoju. Wynika z tego potrzeba sterowania procesem odbioru ciepła i napowietrzania. W pracy przedstawiono aplikację sterującą procesem kompostowania napisaną w języku LabView i wykorzystującą logikę rozmytą. W trakcie prób stanowiska i aplikacji, w układzie odbioru ciepła odebrano 101MJ ciepła i przetoczono 0,68 m3 wody.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Reduction of Odors from Composting Processes Using an Ecological Method
Autorzy:: Gałwa-Widera, Monika Iwona
Tematy:: biofiltration
odor
composting
industry; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1838417.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The complete elimination of odorants from the gases released into the atmosphere is a practically impossible task. This is mainly due to the fact that they are released not only during the technological process itself, but also during unloading, reloading, and transport, which are components of the technological line and also sources of emissions. It is not always possible to encapsulate these stages. Many gases belonging to the group of odorous compounds, characterized by unpleasant odors, have a very low detection threshold. Thus, for the odor to be imperceptible, the compound must be completely removed from the exhaust gas. This task would involve the necessity to take into account the complete air-tight sealing already at the stage of design and construction of the installation. This article concerns the tests carried out in the composting plant in the field of protection against odors. In the experiment, a biofilter with a permanent filling with full process monitoring was used. The research was carried out to determine the process parameters for the real object.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Impact of reduced straw content on the sewage sludge composting process
Autorzy:: Sidełko, Robert
Walendzik, Bartosz
Smuga-Kogut, Małgorzata
Janowska, Beata
Szymański, Kazimierz
Głowacka, Anna
Leśniańska, Aleksandra
Tematy:: sewage sludge
composting
humification process; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1845370.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The main objective of presented research work was the assessment of the impact of reduced straw content, as organic carbon source, on the course of sewage sludge composting process. During the research work performed in industrial conditions, the composting process going in periodically overturned windrows differing in proportion of dehydrated sludge, straw and structural material being 4:1:1 and 8:1:2 respectively, was observed. The consequence of increase of sludge concentration with relation to straw was decrease of C:N ratio in the input material from 11.5 to 8.5. The following parameters were analyzed as indicators for the assessment of the composting process: contents of fulvic acids (FA), humic acids (HA), lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose as well as absorbance in UV/VIS (λ=280, 465 and 665 nm) range. The results obtained have indicated that the increase of sludge content extends the elevated temperature (T>50°C) period from 42 days to approximately 65 days. Our tests did not confirm that limitation of straw content added to sewage sludge had any adverse effect on the course of composting. PI index (HA/FA), which qualifies the compost as mature in the first case – No 1, exceeds limit value of 3.6 on the 83rd day whereas, in the second case No 2, on the 48th day.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Evaluation of the hygenisation effectiveness of municipal waste composting process
Ocena skuteczności higienizacyjnej procesu kompostowania odpadów komunalnych
Autorzy:: Kanarek, Piotr
Breza-Boruta, Barbara
Bauza-Kaszewska, Justyna
Tematy:: Ascaris suum
composting
Salmonella
kompostowanie; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Politechnika Bydgoska im. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich. Wydawnictwo PB
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216445.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Background. The aim of the study was to determine the hygienisation efficiency of the municipal waste composting process based on the inactivation rate of the bacteria Salmonella Senftenberg W775 H2S- and Ascaris suum eggs. Material and methods. The research was conducted in a composting plant located in northern Poland. The processed material was organic waste (kitchen waste) consisting of food waste (plant origin – approx. 50%, animal origin – approx. 20%) and grass and leaves (approx. 10%). Temperature generated in the compost heap was measured using a sensor in its upper part and a mobile probe. Results. The fastest elimination of Salmonella bacilli occurred after 18.5 hours in the upper part of the compost heap. In the middle part of the pile bacteria were not isolated after 24 hours, whereas at the bottom – after 48 hours. In the lateral part of the compost heap Salmonella were not isolated after 65 hours of composting process. Total inactivation of Ascaris suum eggs occurred after 18.5 hours in the middle part of the heap and 89 hours in the lateral part. Conclusion. Obtained results confirm the higienisation potential of the process of municipal waste composting in terms of inactivating pathogens. A correct course of the process guarantees microbiological safety of the final product use for agricultural purposes.
Celem badań była ocena efektywności higienizacyjnej procesu kompostowania odpadów komunalnych w oparciu o tempo inaktywacji pałeczek Salmonella Senftenberg W775 H2S- oraz jaj Ascaris suum. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że bakterie z rodzaju Salmonella ulegały najszybszej eliminacji w górnej warstwie pryzmy, gdzie nie wykrywano ich obecności już po 18,5 godz. Z części środkowej pryzmy nie izolowano ich po 24 godzinach, a w dolnej po 48 godzinach kompostowania. Najdłużej bakterie wskaźnikowe przeżywały w bocznej części pryzmy (do 65 godzin procesu kompostowania). Całkowita inaktywacja inwazyjnych jaj Ascaris suum następowała w czasie od 18,5 do 89 godz. kompostowania. Badania potwierdzają potencjał higienizacyjny procesu kompostowania odpadów komunalnych w zakresie inaktywacji drobnoustrojów patogennych. Prawidłowy przebieg procesu gwarantuje bezpieczeństwo mikrobiologiczne stosowania produktu finalnego do celów rolniczych.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Influence of the autochthonous cellulolytic bacteria on the domestic compost process improvement
Autorzy:: Ćwiertniewicz-Wojciechowska, Magdalena
Ślipko, Katarzyna
Banach-Wiśniewska, Anna
Ziembińska-Buczyńska, Aleksandra
Tematy:: composting
autochthonous biovaccine
cellulolytic bacteria; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16677663.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: This work aimed to determine the influence of the inoculation of autochthonous cellulolytic bacteria on the composting process without any modifications of physical or chemical parameters. Bacteria with cellulolytic abilities were isolated from composted material containing food and plant leftovers and identified as Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus altitudinis, and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus. The experimental composter containing garden and household wastes was inoculated with bio-vaccine prepared as a mixture of isolated cellulolytic bacterial strains and composted for the next 96 days parallelly to the control composter without the inoculation. During the experiment, changes in temperature, humidity, the content of the humic acids (HAs), organic carbon, nitrogen, and C:N ratio were determined. As the particular microbial groups play a key role in the composting process, the biodiversity of the microorganisms present in the composter as well as the number of psychrophilic, mesophilic, and sporeforming microorganisms, Actinomycetes, and fungi were analyzed. The changes in the abundance of particular bacterial groups were convergent with temperature changes in the temperature of composting material. The composting material inoculated with autochthonous microorganisms was characterized by higher HA content and lower biodiversity. The inoculation with autochthonous microorganisms positively influenced the composting material in the corners for the entire process and in the middle of the container for 61 days. Thus, the effect of inoculation depended on the localization of the process inside the container subjected to biopreparation.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Bio-waste composting as a part of rural development
Autorzy:: Stejskal, B.
Tematy:: biowaste
composting
rural development
sorting
waste utilization
waste management
municipal waste
biodegradable waste composting
compost; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/60722.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: One of the most serious problems of waste management in Czech Republic is the useful treatment of biodegradable municipal waste because EU Council Directive 1999/31/EC requires of member states to limit the amount of biodegradable waste deposited into landfill. Composting of biodegradable municipal waste can be a solution of this problem but there are many operational and economic problems. This article describes advantages and problems of bio-waste composting in rural conditions (of Czech Republic) at all parts of composting process, i.e. from bio-waste sorting and collection through bio-waste composting to utilization and sale of compost. Bio-waste composting in countryside brings many benefits. The waste is treated at the place of origin and it is possible to get the organic mass of compost back to the field with minimal transport distances. Decentralized waste treatment brings jobs to regions of a small rate of employment. It is necessary to solve many problems related to the process of composting. Quality of input raw material is the first of them. It was found that the amount of undesirable impurities in separately collected biodegradable municipal waste depends on the type of building density and the settlement size. By the measurement of 200 kg samples of sorted bio-waste it was showed that purity of waste sorting is much better in small villages than in rather big cities. Right size of composting plant is another question to discussion. A lot of small composting plants built for several villages allow waste treatment in the place of origin but just a big composting plant is rich enough to have adequate machine equipment. Of course, in this case transport distances are long. Compost selling is connected with other problems. Farmers usually do not want even high-quality compost because of the costs of compost application to the field (although missing of organic mass in the soil). Lots of low-quality compost is used as a reclaim material.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Investigation on Rapid Fermentation Technology of Seasonally Effective High-End Tobacco-Specific Organic Fertilizers
Autorzy:: Jiang, Chaoying
Xie, Yanghe
Tian, Weiqiang
Gao, Weichang
Wu, Feng
Li, Zhanghai
Han, Guomin
Pan, Wenjie
Tematy:: high-end tobacco-specific organic fertilizer
composting method
optimization
rapid composting
cost reduction
efficiency enhancement; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59256692.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: While organic fertilizers enhance tobacco quality and economic value, their low maturity levels often limit their effectiveness when applied within the same growing season, discouraging farmer adoption. Conventional composting methods typically require over 90 days to achieve full maturity. This study aimed to optimize composting methods and material formulations for large-scale factory production to shorten the fermentation period, enabling same-season application and benefits. Two large-scale experiments (each exceeding 100 tons) compared molecular membrane forced aeration combined with static and windrow composting against traditional windrow composting. Different material ratios of cow dung, mushroom residue, and distillery waste were also evaluated. Results showed that the optimized method, utilizing molecular membrane technology and adjusted material ratios, reduced the composting time from over 90 days to 60 days. The optimal formula consisted of cow dung, mushroom residue, and distillery waste at a 4:3:3 dry weight ratio with a moisture content ≤ 63%. After 60 days, this optimized process yielded organic fertilizer meeting all quality standards, including humic acid content, nutrient levels, and absence of harmful organisms. This accelerated composting method facilitates same-season fertilizer application, benefiting farmers and enhancing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of organic fertilizer production.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Evaluation of forced aerated and turned pile composting of rose oil processing wastes
Autorzy:: Ekinci, Kamil
Tosun, İsmail
Sülük, Kemal
Şevik, Fevzi
Kumbul, Barbaros Salih
Bitrak, Necati Berk
Tematy:: composting method
composting
solid waste
essential oil
aeration
metoda kompostowania
kompostowanie
odpad stały
olejek eteryczny
napowietrzanie; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2057621.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Composting of rose oil processing solid wastes was experimented by two different aeration methods: forced aeration and mechanical turning. The objective of this study was to assess which aeration methods were the most convenient for the composting process. Assessment of aeration methods was performed based on the parameters such as temperature, O2, CO2, CH4 concentration profiles, and physical and chemical properties of the finished composts. The two aeration methods were also compared based on the energy consumed by aeration per unit organic matter loss (OML) of composting, which is a major proportion of operating costs. Although composting performance parameters of temperature and O2/CO2 in the function of time showed some differences, similar end-product quality in terms of moisture, pH, electrical conductivity, NH+4–N and NO-3–N and contents was obtained. These results suggested that both methods (forced aeration and mechanical turning) may be utilized for composting operation of rose oil processing solid wastes. However, in this study, energy consumed by aeration provided by mechanical turning per unit OML of composting was 1.24 times higher than that of forced aeration. Furthermore, mechanical turning created anaerobic conditions for the formation of CH4 concentration in the pile, which was higher than that of the forced aeration.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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