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Wyszukujesz frazę "defeat" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
"Lernen aus Niederlagen" und "Schwächediskurse"? Oder doch nur "aut vincere aut emori“? : Bemerkungen zum komplexen Umgang Roms mit militärischen Niederlagen
Autorzy:
Stoll, Oliver
Opis:
This article examines defeats and losses as phenomena of an ‘expanded military history’ of Roman History from the Republic to the Principate. It adopts a cultural historical perspective of the military historical phenomenon. “Patterns”and “strategies”are defined, that appear in the sources when dealing with Roman defeats, losses and losers (in particular the commanders or even the emperor himself). Above, the historiography of the Roman imperial period is exemplary examined to see what reasons, interpretations or explanations are given there for suffering a defeat and whether and how these are part of narrative strategies. Sometimes military catastrophes simply were concealed, belittled or reinterpreted. How Rome dealt with defeat tells something about Rome’s society and especially the elite: “Roman culture”or “Rome’s political culture” shaped the way how the military phenomenon of defeat was dealt with. Defeats could also be seen as chances for future victories, they were good for learning and examples for withstanding with the help of morale and disciplina. In the end Rome’s strategies in dealing with such catastrophic events of ‘military history’overall seem to paint the picture of Rome as a resilient socio-political and military system!
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Blame Game: Narratives of Electoral Defeat and Party Change. The Case of Four Polish Political Parties
Gra w obwinianie: narracje o porażce wyborczej a zmiany w partii. Studium przypadku czterech polskich partii politycznych
Autorzy:
Bachryj-Krzywaźnia, Maciej
Tematy:
electoral defeat
party change
narrative
interpretive approach
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048231.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
The purpose of the article is to present party elites’ narratives about electoral defeat in order to identify characteristics of the narratives which may inhibit or facilitate party change. The opening sections explain theoretical approach and methodology adopted for the research. The next paragraphs reconstruct and compare narratives of four Polish political parties, which experienced electoral defeat in 2011 and 2015 parliamentary elections, and give a psychological explanation for their emergence. As a result, four narrative strategies were identified of which only one seems to have potential to facilitate party change. Its distinctive feature is internalization of blame, whereas the others reveal tendency to denial or personalize and externalize blame.
Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie narracji elit politycznych na temat porażki wyborczej w celu zidentyfikowania cech mogących sprzyjać zmianom w partii lub utrudniać je. We wstępnych częściach artykułu zaprezentowane zostały teoretyczne podstawy rozważań oraz przyjęta metodologia. W kolejnych częściach zrekonstruowano i porównano narracje czterech polskich partii politycznych, które doświadczyły porażki wyborczej w wyborach 2011 i 2015 roku, próbując wyjaśnić zaistnienie tychże narracji w kategoriach psychologicznych. W rezultacie zidentyfikowane zostają cztery strategie narracyjne, z których tylko jedna jawi się jako sprzyjająca zmianie w partii. Jej cechą wyróżniającą jest internalizacji winy, podczas gdy pozostałe ujawniają tendencje do zaprzeczenia winie bądź do personalizowania i eksternalizowania winy za porażkę.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Electoral Defeat and Party Change: When do Parties Adapt?
Autorzy:
Pacześniak, Anna
Bachryj-Krzywaźnia, Maciej
Kaczorowska, Małgorzata
Tematy:
electoral defeat
political parties
party change
Europe
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1375464.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Electoral defeat has sometimes been called the mother of party change, but is this reputation warranted? In this paper we investigate whether party characteristics such as government status, party systemic origins, or ideological family affect how parties respond to defeat. Examining 73 parties in 28 countries, considering party efforts to change their leadership, their programs and their organizations, we conclude that only systemic origin (post-communist vs. West European countries) is a relevant factor affecting depth of party change. Parties take some corrective actions after electoral defeat, however, they are not likely to be a wholesale reforms. Thus, it would be more accurate to describe electoral defeat as a midwife of a party change, not as its mother.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
,Lernen aus Niederlagen‘ und ,Schwächediskurse‘? Oder doch nur „aut vincere aut emori“? Bemerkungen zum komplexen Umgang Roms mit militärischen Niederlagen
Autorzy:
Stoll, Oliver
Tematy:
Winston Churchill
“Lays of Ancient Rome”
aut vincere aut emori
Valerius Maximus
disciplina
virtus
learning from defeat
R. Koselleck
explanations for defeat
clades Crassiana/ clades Lolliana/ clades Variana
the role of the commander
imperial supreme commanders and defeat
belittling/concealing/reinterpreting
collective fear
strategies in dealing with defeat
defeat as an opportunity
Rome as a resilient system
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52405203.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
This article examines defeats and losses as phenomena of an ‘expanded military history’ of Roman History from the Republic to the Principate. It adopts a cultural historical perspective of the military historical phenomenon. “Patterns”and “strategies”are defined, that appear in the sources when dealing with Roman defeats, losses and losers (in particular the commanders or even the emperor himself). Above, the historiography of the Roman imperial period is exemplary examined to see what reasons, interpretations or explanations are given there for suffering a defeat and whether and how these are part of narrative strategies. Sometimes military catastrophes simply were concealed, belittled or reinterpreted. How Rome dealt with defeat tells something about Rome’s society and especially the elite: “Roman culture”or “Rome’s political culture” shaped the way how the military phenomenon of defeat was dealt with. Defeats could also be seen as chances for future victories, they were good for learning and examples for withstanding with the help of morale and disciplina. In the end Rome’s strategies in dealing with such catastrophic events of ‘military history’overall seem to paint the picture of Rome as a resilient socio-political and military system!
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of the intra-party democracy on political parties reactions to the electoral defeats - a case study of the selected political groupings in Poland
Autorzy:
Kaczorowska, Małgorzata
Tematy:
intra-party democracy
electoral defeat
political parties
Polska
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2156608.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
An electoral defeat usually marks a significant turning point in the life of political parties. It is often the beginning of the changes taking place within them (Harmel, Janda 1994; Gauja 2016: p. 50–51). Existing research suggest that the desire to improve the electoral outcome is the main argument for reform within political parties (Janda 1990; Harmel et al. 1995). This article looks at a relationship between the reactions of political parties to electoral defeat and one factor found to be important in this respect – i.e. the level of intra-party democracy (IPD) analysed at the organisational level. The study uses the IPD measurement model developed by Benjamin von dem Berge and his team (see: von dem Berge et al. 2013). The article provides the analysis of the level of intra-party democracy of the selected four Polish political parties (on the basis of their statutes) continuously present on the Polish political scene after 2001 and its impact on changes within political groupings after electoral defeats. The author examined the statutes of the Law and Justice (PiS), the Civic Platform (PO), the Polish People’s Party (PSL) and the Democratic Left Alliance (SLD). These parties suffered defeats either in the 2011 or 2015 elections. The main research problem is to determine how the level of IPD of the examined parties influences their reactions after electoral defeats. The research hypothesis is: political parties with a higher level of IPD should change under the influence of electoral defeats more than parties with a lower level of this indicator. The study used also the methodology of data analysis (party’s statutes and other documents) and 21 structured in-depth interviews with representatives of party elites. Based on the results, the index of change after defeat in political parties is created.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Termination of war: factors affecting the outcome (in the example of the Second Karabakh War)
Autorzy:
Iskandarov, Khayal
Gawliczek, Piotr
Tomasik, Jerzy
Tematy:
“War termination” theory
armed forces
victory
defeat
concession
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131378.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Termination of war has become one of the most important aspects of modern warfare for the last couple decades. There are a number of factors presented by the historians, military analysts and defence policy critics, which affect the outcome of the war. The presented paper describes the comparative analysis of pre-war strength of Azerbaijan and Armenia, indicates the factors leading to Azerbaijan’s resounding victory and Armenia’s defeat in the Second Karabakh War. The authors highlight four generalized factors in order to shed light on Azerbaijan’s victory. The paper examines the means of war termination and associates only one of them – “Negotiated by Third Party” with the outcome of the Second Karabakh War.
Termination of war has become one of the most important aspects of modern warfare for thelast couple decades. There are a number of factors presented by the historians, military analystsand defence policy critics, which affect the outcome of the war. The presented paper describes thecomparative analysis of pre-war strength of Azerbaijan and Armenia, indicates the factors leadingto Azerbaijan’s resounding victory and Armenia’s defeat in the Second Karabakh War. The authorshighlight four generalized factors in order to shed light on Azerbaijan’s victory. The paper examinesthe means of war termination and associates only one of them – “Negotiated by Third Party” withthe outcome of the Second Karabakh War.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Joaquín Costa i regeneracja Hiszpanii
Joaquín Costa and the Regeneration of Spain
Autorzy:
Gołaszewska-Rusinowska, Dominika
Tematy:
Regenerationism
Joaquín Costa
Spanish Restoration
Cuban Defeat 1898
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16026096.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
This case study focuses on the life and work of Joaquín Costa. He was a Spanish intellectual who in late 19th century and early 20th century started the intellectual and political movement called Regenerationism. This movement emerged in response against the political system of Spanish Restoration.  
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Operation Leyte – operational fires
Autorzy:
Janić, Mladen
Tematy:
air strikes
the Philippines
Leyte
kamikazes
defeat
operational fires
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576323.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Operational fires are one of most important functions in a synergy effect with other operational functions that contribute to the achievement of targeted operational goals. The main operational goal of the American takeover of the Philippines was cutting Japan’s supply lines. This goal had been achieved primarily by effective planning of operational fires. The Japanese forces were neutralised by air strikes, primarily on air bases and aviation, sea ports and ships and those places where they could provide support to forces in the Philippines. This created conditions for landing in the Philippines. By the successful isolation of the Philippines, the US forces gained an advantage that resulted in landing their troops in the Philippines, and the victory in the largest naval and air battle at that time – the Battle of Leyte Gulf. Th e Japanese desperate attempts to use the kamikazes could not prevent the inevitable, and that was the military defeat of Japan.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Theories of war in practice : causes and termination (in the example of the Second Karabakh War)
Autorzy:
Guner, Ender
Iskandarov, Khayal
Gawliczek, Piotr
Tematy:
war termination theory
Second Karabakh War
victory
defeat
concession
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Wiedzy Obronnej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2201590.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Most military operations, military campaigns and wars in history have lasted longer than expected. Why do wars last longer than expected? In general, what factors determine the duration of the war? These are some of the questions that researchers think about the most. It should be noted that in order to draw reasonable conclusions about the duration of wars, they must be grouped according to their characteristics. Wars vary in intensity and scale. While some wars lasted for years, even decades, others lasted only a few days. Some wars involved only two countries, some took on a global scale. In some wars, limited battles took place and some have been engraved in history with heavy destruction. In many cases, while countries mobilize the whole society for war, some do not see the need for it. The article depicts the essence of the theories of war regarding the causes and termination, substantiates the link between them and highlights the factors that affect the duration of the war. The results of the analysis of the the Second Karabakh War and the conditions of peace have been presented. Opinions have been put forward about the outcomes of the war.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
L’inutilité de la volonté – les protagonistes masculins de l’univers désespéré de Barbey d’Aurevilly
Autorzy:
Sadkowska-Fidala, Agata
Tematy:
will
strength
defeat
loss
revolution
wola
siła
porażka
strata
rewolucja
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2083870.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
The male protagonists of Barbey’s Norman novel cycle are characterized by a strong, even steadfast will. Despite this, regardless of the circumstances, each of them is defeated, contributing to the misfortune of others. They fail to achieve happiness, fulfill even the most noble mission or achieve a goal. This is because their fate is inseparably connected with Barbey's vision of the world and the philosophy of history.
Męscy bohaterowie normandzkiego cyklu powieści Barbey’a d’Aurevilly charakteryzują się silną, wręcz niezłomną wolą. Pomimo to, niezależnie od okoliczności, każdy z nich ponosi klęskę, przyczyniając się przy tym do nieszczęścia innych. Nie udaje im się ani zaznać szczęścia, ani wypełnić nawet najbardziej szczytnej misji czy osiągnąć celu. Dzieje się tak dlatego, że ich los związany jest nierozerwalnie z Barbey’owską wizją świata i filozofią historii.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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