Temat: disparities - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Analysis of the Employment Situation by the Visegrad Four Countries
Autorzy:: Liptak, Katalin
Tematy:: EMPLOYMENT POSITION
REGIONAL DISPARITIES
UNEMPLOYMENT; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/639598.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: My paper presents the employment situation by the Visegrad Four (V4) countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary) in the recent years. I have chosen the analysis of the employment policy, unemployment and the regional disparities because they have been more and more used in the economy and can be considered an actual question. The extensive economic literature deals with the role of the state it plays in the area of employment and revitalising demand in order to treat economic crisis; it also includes the probable benefits and drawbacks of the measures. My hypothesis states that the employment position of the Visegrad Four is different in the European Union relation, and in the V4 relations, its human resource position is weak, the level of employment is low, which is influenced by several factors and the four countries have different employment trends. The methodology of the paper is the analysis of available statistical data, the study and critical analysis of the situation.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Zastosowanie modelu wzrostu gospodarczego do szacowania optymalnej nierówności płac
The Use of the Economic Growth Model for the Estimation of Optimal Pay Disparities
Autorzy:: Kumor, Paweł
Sztaudynger, Jan J.
Tematy:: economic growth
econometric model
pay disparities; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574530.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The authors have developed an econometric growth model to estimate an “optimal” diversification of wages. Pay disparities are optimal when they produce the highest rate of GDP growth. An optimal diversification of wages can be calculated by introducing a variable thanks to which the model will measure “parabolic” disparities. The authors advance a hypothesis that there is an optimal level for the diversification of wages. If pay disparities are smaller than optimal, the most creative, hard-working and efficient individuals are insufficiently rewarded and are not properly encouraged to take advantage of their capabilities in contributing to gross domestic product. If wage disparities are greater than optimal, employees with lower qualifications are underpaid. This can be accompanied by feelings of social injustice and a sense of exploitation and impoverishment. This harms interpersonal ties and the relationship between employees and employers, in addition to limiting people’s confidence and reducing social capital. In such a situation, low-paid employees have little incentive to work. They only have enough motivation to satisfy their minimum biological needs and stay above the poverty line. Underpaid employees display insufficient creativity and dedication. The empirical analysis conducted by the authors for the Polish economy applies to the 1986-2004 period. The analysis shows that pay disparities are higher than optimal and have grown steadily since 1999. A statistically significant slowdown in productivity caused by an excessive diversification of wages occurred in 2003 and 2004. At the time, productivity dropped by around 0.5 and 0.8 percentage points respectively.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Assessment of regional digital divide in Türkiye
Autorzy:: Alp, Gülfiye Ozcan
Baycan, Tüzin
Tematy:: ICTs
digital divide
regional disparities
Türkiye; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52571727.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Technological advancement has not been equally distributed. It has differed from country to country, region to region, and even among individuals. As a result, the digital divide has emerged as an umbrella term to represent these disparities. Recently, the research focus has shifted to the outcomes of information and communication technology usage or tangible benefits (the third-level digital divide). As an emerging economy, Türkiye must overcome the digital divide to maximise tangible benefits. Thus, this research starts by determining the digital divide indicators for Türkiye and goes further to examine the digital divide between regions in Türkiye. The main aim is to present a comprehensive index for the regional scale that is currently missing in the literature. To do so, this research starts with exploring the digital divide indicators. Then, with the help of principal component analysis (PCA), a new index is formulated for Türkiye. The result maps indicate digital inequalities both at regional and city scales, yet inequalities are more remarkable at the city scale. Increasing the diversity of technology usage, focusing on gender equality, expanding R&D expenditures, and supporting initiatives, especially ICT initiatives, will assist Türkiye in reducing digital inequalities.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Disparities in wages between women and men in the labour market in Poland
DYSPROPORCJE W WYNAGRODZENIACH KOBIET I MĘŻCZYZN NA RYNKU PRACY W POLSCE
Autorzy:: Iwaszko, Agnieszka
Opis:: The problem of discrimination against women and men in the labor market is a topic on which more and more is discussed. These debates, however, have been reflected in reality. There are many different types of organizations, regulations, aimed at bridging the differences. However, it is worth asking whether there is any such measures that effectively lead to full equality between women and men. The purpose of this paper is to show the disparity in pay between men and women in the labor market in Poland.The first chapter presents the broad disparities in the labor market, focusing in particular on the legal aspects. The second chapter illustrates the situation, opportunities, and development of women in the labor market-affirming its increasingly strong position in the hierarchy. The final chapter compares the employment situation of women in the employment status of women in the labor market, referring to the labor force, unemployment and wages. The methods used during the writing operation: a literature review and analysis of statistical data. Finally, the thesis has been confirmed by continuously existing disparities in pay between men and women in the labor market in Poland. Despite significantly improving the situation of women, continues to be actively involved to step up its efforts to help women in a more conscious and determined professional operations, thereby reducing the differences between women and men in the labor market.
Problem dyskryminacji kobiet i mężczyzn na rynku pracy to temat, nad którym coraz szerzej się dyskutuje. Debaty te mają jednak swoje odzwierciedlenie w rzeczywistości. Istnieje wiele różnego rodzaju organizacji, regulacji, których celem jest niwelowanie tych różnic. Jednakże warto zadać sobie pytanie, czy istnieją takie środki, które skutecznie doprowadziłyby do pełnej równości pomiędzy kobietami i mężczyznami. Celem niniejszej pracy jest ukazanie dysproporcji w wynagrodzeniach kobiet i mężczyzn na rynku pracy w Polsce.W pierwszym rozdziale przedstawiono szeroko rozumiane dysproporcje na rynku pracy, skupiając się w szczególności na regulacjach prawnych. Rozdział drugi ukazuje sytuację, możliwości oraz rozwój kobiety na rynku pracy- potwierdzając jej coraz silniejszą pozycję w hierarchii zawodowej. Ostatni rozdział porównuje sytuację zawodową kobiet z sytuacją zawodową mężczyzn na rynku pracy, odnosząc się do aktywności zawodowej, bezrobocia i wynagrodzeń. Metody wykorzystane podczas pisania pracy, to przegląd literatury oraz analiza danych statystycznych. Ostatecznie została potwierdzona teza o stale istniejących dysproporcjach w wynagrodzeniach kobiet i mężczyzn na rynku pracy w Polsce. Pomimo znacznie poprawiającej się sytuacji zawodowej kobiet, w dalszym ciągu należy aktywnie uczestniczyć na rzecz zwiększenia działań mających na celu pomoc kobietom w bardziej świadomym i zdecydowanym czynnościom zawodowym, tym samym zmniejszając różnice pomiędzy kobietami i mężczyznami na rynku pracy.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

Inne

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Metody proxy wykorzystywane w analizie nierównomiernego rozkładu dochodów - ujęcie teoretyczne
Proxy Methods Used in the Analysis of the Uneven Distribution of Income - Theoretical Approach
Autorzy:: Jeż, Radosław
Tematy:: Dochody
Nierówności płacowe
Income
Wage disparities; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/593484.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The concept of inequality is interpreted in different ways and to the use of different measurement methods. The key is proper selection of tools that will truly look at the national inequalities and respond to the emerging dilemma: gender and height. It is also the basis for the revision of the Washington Consensus and to present a positive or negative correlation resulting from the Kuznets law. The paper presents a theoretical discussion of the methods of measuring income inequality, which, depending on your choice to decide on the scale of income disparities.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Ekonomiczne efekty polityki regionalnej
The Economic Effects of Regional Policy
Autorzy:: Gajewski, Paweł
Tematy:: regional policy
development disparities
New Economic Geography; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574559.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The author analyses the relationship between regional disparities and economic efficiency. He also examines the efficiency of regional policy tools in the context of regional disproportions and economic efficiency. In the first part of the paper, the author discusses the main areas of controversy concerned with the regional distribution of business activity and its influence on economic growth. Then, using a graphic model to present the theory of endogenous growth and the New Economic Geography-and additionally considering social capital-Gajewski analyzes the economic effects of interregional transfers, subsidies for enterprises, investment in transport infrastructure and innovation policy. The author concludes that regional policy measures designed to support the regional diffusion of innovation and reduce its costs are the most effective instrument of regional policy, from the perspective of economic efficiency and the need to level out regional differences. Subsidies to enterprises seem to be the least beneficial, if not harmful, regional policy tool, Gajewski says. His research findings indicate that the use of various other regional policy instruments leads to an “equity-efficiency tradeoff,” or a conflict between economic and social objectives.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Factors of divergence between peripheral and central subregions: the case of Mazovia province, Poland
Autorzy:: Zaborowski, Tomasz
Tematy:: disparities
administrative division
regional development
peripheries
Polska; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1050986.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The focus of this article is the study of centre–periphery intraregional development disparities using Poland’s largest and most diversified Mazovia Province (Mazowieckie Voivodeship) as an example. The economic downfall of the Radom subregion, in comparison with the booming Warsaw agglomeration, clearly illustrates the polarisation of this province. A research question was if the location of the Radom subregion in Mazovia Province is a significant factor of its relative regression. In order to answer this question, selected development indicators of Mazovian subregions have been compared with their counterparts from surrounding provinces. Research results have shown that a subregion’s location in a big and diversified province is a significant factor of intraregional centre-periphery development discrepancies.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: The impact of inequalities in regional economic development on disparities in spatial distribution of cashless payment infrastructure in Poland
Autorzy:: Bolibok, Piotr
Żukowski, Marian
Tematy:: Cashless payments
Infrastructure
Regional development
Spatial disparities; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522182.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The paper attempts to quantify the impact of inequalities in regional economic development on disparities in spatial distribution of cashless payment infrastructure in Poland at the voivodeship (NUTS 2 region) level. Our findings reveal that general patterns of spatial distribution of GDP per person and the composite index of cashless payment infrastructure development are similar. The richest regions – mazowieckie voivodeship and the regions of Western Poland have the most developed infrastructure, while the poorer eastern voivodeships are clearly lagging behind. The obtained results indicate that the impact of economic development on spatial distribution of cashless payment infrastructure is statistically significant.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Does an early rural life influence selected health-related parameters of female university students?
Autorzy:: Zurawiecka, M.
Klis, K.
Suderr, A.
Suliga, E.
Borowska-Struginska, B.
Teul, I.
Wronka, I.
Tematy:: obesity
rural-urban disparities
underweight
heath status; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2083084.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Objective. The aim of the study was to define whether in a group of young women the place of residence in their childhood and adolescence, as well as moving from a rural to an urban area, have affected their biological condition. Materials and method. The data were obtained from 1,305 unmarried and childless women aged 18–25. The respondents were university students. Each person’s height, weight and waist circumference were measured, and the BMI, WHR, and WHtR indices were calculated. A survey was used to collect data on the females’ socio-economic status, their health condition and course of menstruation cycle. Results. In the whole sample, apart from WHR, there was no significant difference in anthropometric characteristics depending on the urbanization degree of the place of residence before commencing studies. In comparing the two groups of women, changing place of residence from a village to a city and from a city to another city, more differences were visible. Women of rural origin presented significantly higher values of BMI, waist circumference and WHtR than those from the city. They were also more frequently characterized by overweight and abdominal obesity. The women from other cities were characterized by underweight and too low amount of abdominal adipose tissue. Health problems were found in both groups. Students of rural origin more rarely declared changes in body weight and health condition after beginning studies. Students of urban origin were more often affected by sleeping problems and spine pains. Conclusions. The results of the study do not indicate that a change of place of residence has a stronger effect on the biological condition of rural women than their urban peers.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Rural-urban divide in human capital in Poland after 1988
Autorzy:: Wosiek, Małgorzata
Tematy:: education
human capital
rural-urban disparities
Polska; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19233500.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Research background: The subject of the study is the disproportionate development of rural and urban areas in terms of human capital in the context of the convergence process. Purpose of the article: The main goal of the study is to assess the rural-urban disparities on the educational attainment of the population (adopted as a human capital proxy), based on the example of Poland. Methods: The Bray-Curtis measure of structures diversity, the Kruskal-Wallis test and regression analysis were applied to investigate the scale and dynamic of the rural-urban educational divide in Poland in the period 1988-2018. Findings & Value added: The paper emphasizes the aspect of rural-urban differences in the Polish economy and their dynamic nature. Studies have revealed that in 1988-2018, in Poland, the disparity in educational attainment between rural and urban populations was gradually reduced. This process, however, was not accompanied by the reduction of internal educational disparities in the rural space. The study results are helpful in verifying the effectiveness of public funds, allocated in recent years in order to accelerate the multi-functional development of rural areas in Poland and other CEE countries.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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