Temat: eastern flank - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Bezpieczeństwo wschodniej granicy Polski wobec aktualnych wyzwań i zagrożeń
Autorzy:: Zyguła, Alicja
Tematy:: security
border protection
eastern flank
Polish eastern border; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20311614.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: In recent years, the European security environment has been subjected to many tests. For the first time since the end of the Second World War, Europe is struggling with new, hitherto unknown threats and challenges in the area of security. Today’s security environment is increasingly volatile, complex and uncertain. At the same time, there is a deficit of its understanding, which results, among others, from its interdisciplinarity and multifaceted nature, as well as the penetration of many military factors and civilian, the development of new technologies, as well as globalization processes and their consequences. An additional factor intensifying the perception of changes in the security environment is the reduction of time spent on analyzing and understanding the changes taking place, as well as planning and implementing adequate solutions. In this context, the situation on NATO’s eastern flank is becoming one of the key issues to ensure the security of this part of Europe. Due to its international obligations resulting from its accession to the EU and the Schengen Agreement, Poland has assumed the obligation to ensure the security and inviolability of the Polish eastern border, which is integral with the external border of the European Union and NATO. Actions and efforts in the field of security, however, depend not only on the defense system of a given country, but on many factors, including geopolitical, historical and military conditions. The events of the last two years in its immediate vicinity are also significant for Poland’s security, including the crisis on the Polish-Belarusian border and the war in Ukraine. The main purpose of these considerations is to try to find an answer to the question of how to ensure the security of the Polish eastern border in the current security environment.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: International Cooperation within the NATO Framework for Security in Central‑Eastern Europe
Autorzy:: Jagusiak, Bogusław
Niedbała, Wojciech
Tematy:: Central‑Eastern Europe
international security
eastern flank of NATO; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Akademia im. Jakuba z Paradyża w Gorzowie Wielkopolskim
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/956470.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Europe is sometimes called the “Old Continent” or the “Old World.” And even if it is now one of the most peaceful political and military regions of the world, it is an area of extremely intense discussions, considerations, plans and activities related to the security of the whole of Europe. The geopolitical location of Central‑Eastern Europe at the interface of the Russian Federation and NATO’s eastern flank causes a great deal of interest, especially within the Western Civilization. It is an area of uncertainty and, despite many other threats, when we talk about threats, Europe’s eyes are turned east.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: The security of the eastern flank states in the light of Russias military operations in Ukraine
Autorzy:: Kwiatkowski, Adam
Tematy:: eastern flank
security
military operations
Russia
Ukraine
North Atlantic Treaty; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/54816770.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The article focuses on the security of the eastern flank countries in the light of Russia's military operations in Ukraine, including: the security of the eastern flank in respect of military operations in Ukraine, Western efforts to secure the eastern flank, the challenges for the security of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in relation to refugees and migration. In the search for an answer to the question: What impact does Russia's military operations in Ukraine have on the security of the eastern flank countries? the literature on the subject was studied, Russian normative acts were analysed and official statements of experts in the media were quoted, as well as the views of specialists dealing with the security issues of the countries of this region. Directions of actions improving the security of these countries were presented. The results of the conducted research indicate that the eastern flank countries alone would not be able to repel a possible Russian aggression against any of these countries at the current stage of modernization of their armies. Only close cooperation with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the deployment of more American troops on the territory of the eastern flank countries guarantee security. The content cited in the article aims to update opinions on the level of security of the eastern flank countries.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Level of economic security of NATO Eastern flank countries
Autorzy:: Agnieszka, Sałek-Imińska,
Tematy:: economic security
GDP
the states of the eastern flank of NATO; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/890841.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: In the modern world an undoubted increase in the economic factor of maintaining the security of states is observed. Economic security is an important element of the functioning of national economies, including the states of the eastern flank of NATO. Perceiving economic security as a balance of development needs of these states we can identify several areas of activity of its quantifiers, which can include development, infrastructure and balance opportunities and needs. To determine the levels of these quantifiers, we must use a carefully selected set of meters. One of them is Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which clearly describes the measurable features present in the analyzed national economies. The objective of this article is to attempt to indicate the level of the economic security of NATO’s eastern flank states in terms of the level of economic growth measured by GDP. From an autonomous perspective, this meter does not give grounds for expressing value judgments in the context of the widely understood level of economic security, but it constitutes their necessary component and basis for further analyzes and evaluations. For the needs of the elaboration, an assumption was made, being a simplification of the economic reality, indicating that changes in annual GDP will show the level of the economic security of NATO’s eastern flank states. Hence, an increase in GDP growth lower than 1.9% in a period, which the analysis refers to, is a sign of a decrease in the level of economic security of a given state and vice versa. In all the states of NATO’s eastern flank, an improvement in its level was observed, where in 2017 in all the states of NATO’s eastern flank the rate of GDP growth was higher than the assumed critical threshold level of 1.9%. Years 2014–2016 also constitute a period of improvement in the level of the economic security of the analyzed states, except for Bulgaria in 2014, Estonia and Lithuania in 2015 and Estonia in 2016. While the period from 2008 to 2013 is a period when the level of the economic security of the states of NATO’s eastern flank is diverse and there are no indications that it improved. In the context of the analyzed problem, the best years were 2008 and 2011, for which GDP growth was the highest. In 2008 Estonia, Latvia and Hungary were those that did not reach the critical threshold (decline in economic security). The other six states were characterized by an increase in the level of economic security. The following year is a period when all the states (except for Poland) did not register any improvement. This resulted from a general economic recession, which was observed in the region of Central and Eastern Europe. Considering the number of years for which the assumed critical threshold level of 1.9% was not reached, we can claim that the economy of Poland (2 periods: 2012–2013), and then Czech Republic, Lithuania, Latvia and Slovakia (3 periods), Romania (4 years) and Bulgaria, Estonia and Hungary (5 years) were characterized by the highest level of economic security in the analyzed period.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: From a Valuable Partner to an Indispensable Ally – Sweden’s Policy Towards NATO
Autorzy:: Górka-Winter, Beata
Tematy:: Sweden
NATO
Ukraine
Russia
Baltic Sea
Eastern Flank
Northern Flank
Arctic
China; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/63513917.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Although it was Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine that provided the immediate impetus for it to apply for NATO membership, Sweden has long been an important military partner for both the United States and the Western world, particularly throughout the Cold War and during the Alliance’s transformation in the 1990s and 2000s. Now, when NATO’s Eastern and Northern ﬂanks are under constant pressure from Russia (both through military threats and hybrid tactics), Sweden’s strategic capabilities are seen within NATO as an essential element of the Alliance’s deterrence potential in this region. This is due not only to Sweden’s strategic location in the Baltic Sea basin (with thousands of islands, including the critically important island of Gotland), but is also due to its military and armament potential coming via specialised companies supplying high-end equipment. Sweden’s accession to NATO has signiﬁcantly increased the Alliance’s capabilities in many areas of deterrence and defence and has enlarged its room for manoeuvre in the Baltic Sea and also on the Eastern and Northern ﬂanks of NATO. At the same time, it has also increased Sweden’s resilience to the aforementioned growing military and hybrid pressure from the Russian Federation. This article examines Sweden’s evolving stance toward NATO, from being a partner in various forms of cooperation to a nation now on the cusp of full membership in the Alliance and a so-called “security provider”. By exploring the history of Sweden’s security policy, its strategic calculations, the role of NATO in Sweden’s defence strategy, and the shifting dynamics in global and regional security, this paper outlines the complexities and implications of Sweden’s evolving relationship with NATO.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Poland and Central-Eastern Europe in times of strategic threat
Autorzy:: Kłodkowski, Piotr
Opis:: The article examines the strategic consequences of Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine for Poland, Central and Eastern Europe, and the wider European security order. It reviews the failure of Russia’s initial "blitzkrieg", the subsequent stalemate and heavy human and demographic costs for Ukraine, and the scale and importance of Western military, humanitarian, and financial aid. The author analyzes the ideological underpinnings of Putinism and Moscow’s efforts to reconstruct a Russian sphere of influence through propaganda, covert action, and political financing. The paper assesses NATO EU responses - including increased European defense spending, debates over nuclear guarantees, and the potential role of Turkey - and highlights strategic dilemmas facing eastern flank states amid uncertain U.S. commitments. The study argues that durable security for Central Eastern Europe will depend on sustained European coherence, deeper regional cooperation, and long term political will to counter Russian neo imperial ambitions.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Bucharest nine in the process of strategic deterrence on Nato’s eastern flank
Autorzy:: Banasik, Mirosław
Tematy:: Bucharest Nine States
strategic deterrence
Russian threats
European security
Eastern flank
NATO
European Union; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1920243.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The purpose of the research presented in this article was to analyze the role of the Bucharest Nine States (B9) in shaping NATO’s strategic deterrence mechanisms and to assess their effectiveness in ensuring the security of the eastern flank. When discussing the research problems, top-down and bottom-up approaches were adopted to confront NATO’s deterrence initiatives with the expectations of B9. The research process revealed that B9 encourage the United States to engage in European security. They are aware of the need to pay a high cost for their own security, they make defensive efforts in projects implemented by the European Union, especially in acquiring capabilities that guarantee the defense of their own territory and deterrence through punishment. They create conditions for the operating of battalion battle groups on their own territory, or participate in them themselves, and make a large contribution to the reformed NATO response forces and command system. The B9 states actively participate in building allied horizontal deterrence mechanisms to prevent asymmetric escalation of conflict, as well as mechanisms of deterrence by denial to thwart the conquest of their own territory.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Bezpieczeństwo państw Europy Wschodniej w sytuacji wojny na Ukrainie
Security of eastern European countries in the context of the war in Ukraine
Autorzy:: Ciekanowski, Zbigniew
Brążkiewicz, Dariusz
Nowicka, Julia
Tematy:: Eastern Europe
international security
NATO's eastern flank
Russian- Ukrainian war
bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe
Europa Wschodnia
wschodnia flanka NATO
wojna rosyjsko-ukraińska; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Geopolityczne
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21151046.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The Russian government's drive to expand its sphere of influence into countries that were part of the Russian empire in the past, poses a threat to most Eastern European countries. This is particularly true for the countries that are within the sphere of influence of the ongoing war in Ukraine, triggered by the invasion of the Russian army. The subject of this paper is the political and military situation in Eastern Europe, shaped in the wake of the Russian Federation's military aggression against Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to present the security policy of selected countries - members of NATO, which seek to systematically increase the military potential of the Alliance forces on their territory. The research problem was expressed in the form of the following question: how do the selected countries implement defense preparations and what NATO forces are involved, with particular emphasis on the role of the US? To solve the research problem, the analysis of the Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM), the comments of the Center for Eastern Studies (OSW) and the publications of the Defence24 portal were mainly used.
Dążenie władz Rosji do rozszerzania strefy swoich wpływów na kraje wchodzące w przeszłości w skład rosyjskiego imperium, stwarza zagrożenie dla większości państw Europy Wschodniej. Dotyczy to w szczególności państw, które znalazły się w zasięgu oddziaływania trwającej na Ukrainie wojny, wywołanej w wyniku inwazji armii rosyjskiej. Przedmiotem niniejszej pracy jest sytuacja polityczno-militarna w Europie Wschodniej, ukształtowana w następstwie agresji militarnej Federacji Rosyjskiej na Ukrainę. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie polityki bezpieczeństwa wybranych państw - członków NATO, które dążą do systematycznego zwiększania potencjału militarnego sił Sojuszu na swoim terenie. Problem badawczy został wyrażony w postaci następującego pytania: Jak wybrane państwa realizują przygotowania obronne i jakie siły NATO są zaangażowane, ze szczególnym uwypukleniem roli USA? Rozwiązanie problemu badawczego zostało oparte na analizach i krytyce dostępnej literatury przedmiotu oraz informacji agencyjnych.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Evaluating Approaches to Wartime Mass Evacuation Management in Eastern NATO Territories: A Literature Review
Autorzy:: Borowska-Stefańska, Marta
Goniewicz, Krzysztof
Grama, Vasile
Hornak, Marcel
Masierek, Edyta
Morar, Cezar
Penzes, Janos
Rochovska, Alena
Wiśniewski, Szymon
Tematy:: conflict
crisis management
mass evacuation
NATO’s eastern flank
war
konflikt
zarządzanie kryzysowe
masowa ewakuacja
wschodnia flanka NATO
wojna; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Centrum Rzeczoznawstwa Budowlanego Sp. z o.o.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27315606.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The eastern flank of NATO has been a region of strategic importance due to its proximity to Russia. Moreover, tensions have escalated in recent years following Russia’s annexation of Crimea and military intervention in Ukraine. As a result, questions have emerged regarding the preparedness of NATO’s eastern flank in the event of a military conflict. One critical aspect of preparedness is the ability of its inhabitants to move and relocate to safer areas during a crisis. This article provides a comprehensive literature review on the mass evacuation of civilians, focusing on the spatial mobility of residents of NATO’s eastern flank in the event of a military conflict on their territory. It delves into the availability of transportation infrastructure and the supply of resources for relocation, factors crucial for spatial mobility during military conflict. Additionally, the article explores the potential impact of critical infrastructure destruction and the complex behavioral issues affecting evacuation. The study’s findings reveal that both logistical and human factors must be considered in evacuation planning, contributing to the state of the art in this field. The implications of this work reach beyond immediate preparedness strategies, suggesting the need for a holistic approach that combines infrastructure development, resource allocation, human behavior understanding, and international coordination. By highlighting these nuances, the article offers valuable insights that may inform policymakers and practitioners in developing more effective, resilient strategies for managing mass evacuations during times of crisis, reflecting broader concerns about regional security and humanitarian response.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Italia e Polonia come medie potenze : analisi comparativa secondo la teoria del realismo
Italy and Poland as middle powers : a comparative analysis according to the theory of realism
Włochy i Polska jako średnie potęgi : analiza porównawcza według teorii realizmu
Autorzy:: Strzałka, Krzysztof
Opis:: Adopting a neoclassical realist perspective, the article examines the behavior of Poland and Italy as middle powers operating in two complementary strategic areas of NATO and the EU: the eastern and southern ones. Poland, a ‘new and rising’ middle power in Central and Eastern Europe, focuses on security, deterring Russia, and strengthening its strategic position through the modernization of its armed forces and a close alliance with the US. Italy, a ‘classic and estab-lished’ middle power in the Mediterranean region, focuses on stabilization, migration control, and energ y security, using diplomacy, multilateral cooperation, and selective military presence. Both countries show different faces of the agency of middle powers in the emerging multipolar order of Europe.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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