Temat: emission control - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Raport Badawczy = Research Report ; RB/4/2014
Urban scale particular matter air pollution in Warsaw
Autorzy:: Kałuszko, Andrzej
Holnicki, Piotr
Wydawca:: Instytut Badań Systemowych. Polska Akademia Nauk
Systems Research Institute. Polish Academy of Sciences
Powiązania:: Raport Badawczy = Research Report
Opis:: 37 stron ; 21 cm
37 pages ; 21 cm
The paper presents selected results of computer simulation of PM dispersion processes to get the final concentration maps. Calculations were carried out for the Warsaw area, on the actual emission and meteorological data set for the year 2012. The basic forecasting tool is the regional CALPUFF model, which was used to link the emission sources with the distributions of the annual mean concentrations. The resulting concentration maps of the main PM fractions indicate the areas, where the air quality standards are violated and remedial procedures are required.
Bibliography p. 33-37
Bibliografia s. 33-37
Dostawca treści:: RCIN - Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: On the real-time emission control - case study application
Autorzy:: Holnicki, P.
Tematy:: modelowanie matematyczne
air pollution
mathematical modeling
emission control; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/969957.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The paper addresses the problem of real-time emission control in a given set of air pollution sources. The approach applied utilizes the optimal control technique for distributed parameter systems. A set of pointwise emission sources with a predefined location and emission characteristics is considered as the controlled object. The problem is formulated as on-line minimization of an environmental cost function, by the respective modification of emission level in the controlled sources, according to the changing meteorological conditions (e.g. wind direction and velocity). Dispersion of atmospheric pollution is governed by a multi-layer, dynamic model of SOχ transport, which is the main forecasting tool used in the optimization algorithm. The objective function includes the environmental damage related to air quality as well as the cost of the controlling action. The environmental cost index depends on the current level of SOχ concentration and on the sensitivity of the area to this type of air pollution. The adjoint variable; related to the main transport equation of the forecasting model, is applied to calculate the gradient of the objective function in the main optimization procedure. The test computations have been performed for a set of major power plants in the industrial region of Upper Silesia (Poland).
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Prospects for LNG in the South Baltic Sea Region
Autorzy:: Jankowski, S.
Tematy:: LNG
environment protection
regulations
emission control
ship’s fuel; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/360737.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The global policy of protection environment enforces much more stringent regulations to reduce pollutants from exhaust gases. These requirements are being implemented gradually from 2010 and will have full force in 2015 and 2016. The shipping industry is facing a big challenge to meet these regulations, especially on ECA (emission control area). This paper describes the activities within project “MarTech LNG”, that promotes the use of LNG as a ship's fuel on south Baltic Sea region.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Towards clean energy production
Autorzy:: Dors, M.
Tematy:: emission control
exhaust
nitrogen oxides
sulfur oxides
carbon dioxide; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/175564.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Implementation of stringent regulations of emission from power plants requires the development of new strategies and technologies for removal of pollutants from exhaust gases. This article summarizes current state of PM, NOx, SO2 and CO2 abatement methods. The review is focused on the methods proved in industrial practice at commercially available and pilot installations.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: A method for assessing of ship fuel system failures resulting from fuel changeover imposed by environmental requirements
Autorzy:: Kowalak, Przemysław
Myśków, Jarosław
Tuński, Tomasz
Bykowski, Dariusz
Borkowski, Tadeusz
Tematy:: failure frequency
fuel changeover
fuel system failure
emission control area; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2038055.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Environmental regulations instigated the technological and procedural revolution in shipping. One of the challenges has been sulfur emission control areas (SECA) and requirement of fuel changeover. Initially, many reports anticipated that new grades of low sulfur fuels might increase various technical problems in ship operation. This research develops a simple and easy to use method of the failure severity and intensity assessment in relation to fuel changeover. The scale of failure rate in the ship’s fuel system was evaluated qualitatively and quantitively, using developed failure frequency indicator and the time between failure. Based on 77 records of fuel system failures collected on seven ships, it has been found that frequency of failures related to SECA fuel changeover is on average nearly three times higher compared to the rest of sailing time. Their severity did not significantly change, but the structure of failures changed considerably. The method and presented results may help in improvement of ship’s systems design and on-board operational procedures.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Reactions of nitrogen oxides and ozone in the gas phase followed by absorption process
Reakcje tlenków azotu i ozonu w fazie gazowej oraz absorpcja produktów reakcji
Autorzy:: Skalska, K.
Miller, J. S.
Ledakowicz, S.
Tematy:: nitrogen oxides
emission control
ozonation
tlenki azotu
kontrola emisji
ozonowanie; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/126069.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The growing emissions of nitrogen oxides into atmosphere endanger the human health and degrade our environment. The presence of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere is responsible for troposphere ozone and urban photochemical smog. NO and NO2 (NOx) are one of the major contributors to harmful acid rains. Various methods exist to reduce NOx emission. Combustion modification and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) are probably the most widely used techniques to control NOx emissions from industry. New technologies such as nonthermal plasma and pressure swing adsorption appear to be efficient for the removal of higher concentrations of NOx but they are still expensive for the treatment of huge volumes of flue gases. Thus, there is a need for environmentally friendly and cost effective methods for treatment of flue gases. One of the solutions to NOx emission problem can be to couple ozonation process in the gas phase with SCR or absorption process. In this work the application of ozone for the oxidation of nitrogen oxides present in exhaust gases was presented. The main concept of the process is to oxidize nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) into nitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) which reacts with water giving nitric acid. This way NOx can be absorbed in water with good effectiveness. In presented studies the influence of nitrogen(II) oxide initial concentration on the NO conversion was studied. Furthermore, the two stage process composed of the ozonation process of NOx and the absorption of reaction gases in the 0.01 M solution of NaOH was performed. These experiments proved that the yield of absorption process is higher for gases containing N2O5.
Rosnąca emisja tlenków azotu do atmosfery zagraża zdrowiu ludzi, a także przyczynia się do degradacji środowiska naturalnego. Obecność tlenków azotu w atmosferze może prowadzić do powstawania ozonu troposferycznego oraz smogu fotochemicznego. NOx (NO oraz NO2) są jednymi z głównych zanieczyszczeń przyczyniających się do występowania kwaśnych deszczów. Modyfikacje procesu spalania oraz selektywna katalityczna redukcja (SCR) są prawdopodobnie najczęściej stosowanymi metodami ograniczania emisji tlenków azotu ze źródeł przemysłowych. Nowe technologie, takie jak niskotemperaturowa plazma i adsorpcja zmiennociśnieniowa, wydają się być skuteczne przy usuwaniu wysokich stężeń NOx, jednak są one nadal drogie w szczególności w przypadku oczyszczania dużych strumieni gazów odlotowych. Dlatego istnieje konieczność opracowania przyjaznych środowisku i tanich metod ograniczania emisji zanieczyszczeń do atmosfery. Jednym z rozwiązań może być zastosowanie technologii łączącej proces ozonowania w fazie gazowej z selektywną katalityczną redukcją (SCR) bądź procesem absorpcji. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono wykorzystanie ozonu w procesie utleniania tlenków azotu obecnych w gazach odlotowych. Głównym założeniem jest utlenienie monotlenku azotu (NO) i ditlenku azotu (NO2) do pentatlenku diazotu (N2O5), który ulega reakcji z wodą, dając kwas azotowy. W ten sposób NOx mogą być absorbowane w wodzie z dobrą wydajnością. Zbadano wpływ początkowego stężenia NO oraz stosunku NO/NO2 w gazach reakcyjnych na stopień konwersji NO oraz selektywności do produktów. Ponadto przeprowadzono eksperymenty w układzie dwustopniowym, składającym się z procesu ozonowania i absorpcji gazów reakcyjnych w 0,01 M roztworze NaOH. Otrzymane wyniki potwierdzają, że wydajność absorpcji jest wyższa w przypadku gazów zawierających N2O5.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Supporting management of air quality in an urban area
Raport Badawczy = Research Report ; RB/5/2014
Autorzy:: Kałuszko, Andrzej
Holnicki, Piotr
Wydawca:: Instytut Badań Systemowych. Polska Akademia Nauk
Systems Research Institute. Polish Academy of Sciences
Powiązania:: Raport Badawczy = Research Report
Opis:: The paper presents selected results of computer simulation of pollution transport processes and the final air quality maps for the typical polluting compounds which characterize the urban atmospheric environment. Calculations were carried out on the actual emission and meteorological dataset from 2012 for Warsaw. The basic forecasting tool is the regional CALPUFF model, which was used to link the emission sources with the distributions of the annual mean concentration values. The resulting concentration maps of most dangerous pollutants show the areas, where thresh.olds of air quality standards are exceeded and remedial procedures are required.
Bibliography p. 30-33
Bibliografia s. 30-33
33 stron ; 21 cm
33 pages ; 21 cm
Dostawca treści:: RCIN - Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: A proposal for marine fuel oil system arranged to burn heavy fuel oil and low sulphur distillate grade
Autorzy:: Krzyżanowski, J.
Nowak, P.
Tematy:: automatic fuel change-over
chiller
Diesel Switch
Emission Control Areas
low-sulphur fuel; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243358.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The following paper introduces a retrofit proposal for marine fuel oil system arranged to burn heavy fuel oil and low-sulphur distillate grade. In the face of tighter requirements regarding sulphur content in fuel, which are obligatory both inside Emission Control Areas and among international waters, it is necessary to provide safe and efficient ship operation. Conventional methods for fuel change-over between heavy fuel oil and distillate grade are saddled with necessity of constant process control and compulsory engine load reduction during the realization of procedure. It ensures that maximum fuel temperature gradient amounts 2 °C/min, which protects injection system against thermal shock. The solution proposed by MAN Diesel & Turbo in cooperation with LEMAG Lehman & Michels turns mentioned procedure into unusual until now level thanks to guaranteed safety, control, smoothness and degree of automation. So-called Diesel Switch constitutes automatic fuel change-over system, which implements the process free from engine load factor. A built-in programmable logic controller and specially designed nonproportional valve enable to achieve smooth and linear characteristic of change. Furthermore, device controls other fuel oil system elements and also registers procedure run. The second element in retrofitted system concerns the way of distillate fuel cooling. Sulphur in the chemical bonds with other fuel components reveals lubricating properties. Reduction of its amount simultaneously with usage of low-viscosity distillate fuel creates a risk of damage to plunger and barrel assemblies. A guarantee of proper hydrodynamic lubrication film in injection system involves maintaining a minimal fuel viscosity of 2 cSt at engine inlet. Commonly used central cooling system on ships has a significant limitation. Water from low temperature cooling circuit, which provides a coolant cannot decrease fuel temperature below 40 °C. Applied solution proposed by Novenco is concerned with chilled water system assembly, which can cool down fuel even below 0 °C through vapour compression or an absorption cycle. As a result, low-sulphur fuel viscosity can be increased at any load independently of seawater temperature.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Experimental analysis of flyash based, ion exchanged zeolite as catalyst for SI engine exhaust emission control
Autorzy:: Karthikeya, D.
Saravanan, C. G.
Tematy:: Synthesis of fly ash
X-Zeolite
catalytic converter
emission control
13 X Zeolite; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247392.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Lean Burn gasoline engines are receiving increasing application because of their potential of improved fuel economy. The conventional three-way converter used in gasoline engines controls effectively the levels of CO and HC, but it displays poor conversion in harmful NOx emission. This study has investigated the use of different materials with metal additives as support for effective NOx control in gasoline engines. In this work, flyash, which is relatively abundant and inexpensive, has been used as a replacement for expensive materials. Development of Catalysts from waste materials is an effective means to enhance the value of the waste. In the present work, X-Zeolite was synthesized from Coal Fly ash. 13-X zeolite was purchased from market. By the process of exchanging Na+ ions present in these zeolites with copper, Silver and Iron metal ions separately, six catalysts were prepared. Investigations were carried out on the 3 cylinder, 4-stroke, water cooled Maruthi Omni Gasoline Engine with a displacement volume of 796 cc and coupled with eddy current dynamometer. The packed catalyst bed was housed in a 100 mm diameter cylindrical pipe and is connected near to the exhaust manifold. AVL Di-gas analyser is used to measure the NOx, CO, HC, CO2, O2 emissions. Experiments were conducted at various loads from no load to maximum load without catalytic converter and then using the Ag-X, Ag-13X, Fe-X , Fe-13X, Ni -X and Ni -13X zeolite catalytic converters. The result reveals that in house made Ag-X , Fe-X and Ni -X Catalysts reduce emission at all levels of load conditions. Ag-X catalyst gives better conversion than Fe-X catalyst and Ni-X catalyst.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Raport Badawczy = Research Report ; RB/29/2003
On the real-time emission control - case study application
Autorzy:: Holnicki, Piotr
Wydawca:: Instytut Badań Systemowych. Polska Akademia Nauk
Systems Research Institute. Polish Academy of Sciences
Powiązania:: Raport Badawczy = Research Report
Opis:: 26 stron ; 21 cm
Bibliography p. 16
Bibliografia s. 16
26 pages ; 21 cm
The paper presents formulation of the problem of real-time emission control in a predefined set of air pollution sources. The approach utilizes the optimal control technique for distributed parameter systems. The controlled object considered is a set of pointwise emission sources with a predefined location and emission characteristics. The problem is formulated as online minimization of an environmental cost function, by the respective modification of emission level in the controlled sources, according to the changing meteorological conditions (e.g. the wind direction and velocity). The environmental cost function depends on the current level of SOx concentration and the sensitivity of the area to this type of air pollution. Dispersion of the atmospheric pollution is governed by a multi-layer dynamic model of SOx transport, which is the main forecasting tool used in the optimization algorithm. The objective function includes the environmental damage related to air quality as well as the cost of the controlling action. The adjoint equation, related to the main transport equation of the forecasting model, is applied to calculate the gradient of the objective function in the main optimization procedure. The test computations have been performed for a set of the major power plants in the industrial region of Upper Silesia (Poland).
Dostawca treści:: RCIN - Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych

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